Download or read book Charge Carrier Dynamics on Photoelectrode Materials for Solar Energy Conversion written by Lisa Grad and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photo induced Charge Carrier Dynamics in Nanostructured Hybrid Systems for Solar Energy Conversion written by Peng Han (Physicist) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photo induced Charge Carrier Dynamics in Nanostructured Hybrid Systems for Solar Energy Conversion written by Peng Han and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solar Energy Conversion written by Piotr Piotrwiak and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the art review on experimental and theoretical approaches to the study of interfacial electron and excitation transfer processes which are so crucial to solar energy conversion.

Download or read book Photoelectrochemistry and Photovoltaics of Layered Semiconductors written by A. Aruchamy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume aims at bringing together the results of extensive research done during the last fifteen years on the interfacial photoelectronic properties of the inorganic layered semiconducting materials, mainly in relation to solar energy conversion. Significant contributions have been made both on the fundamental aspects of interface characteristics and on the suitability of the layered materials in photoelectrochemical (semiconductor/electrolyte junctions) and in solid state photovoltaic(Schottky and p-n junctions) cells. New insights into the physical and chemical characteristics of the contact surfaces have been gained and many new applications of these materials have been revealed. In particular, the basal plane surface of the layered materials shows low chemical reactivity and specific electronic behaviour with respect to isotropic solids. In electrochemical systems, the inert nature of these surfaces characterized by saturated chemical bonds has been recognized from studies on charge transfer reactions and catalysis. In addition, studies on the role of the d-band electronic transitions and the dynamics of the photogene rated charge carriers in the relative stability of the photoelectrodes of the transition metal dichalcogenides have deepened the understanding of the interfacial photoreactions. Transition metal layered compounds are also recognized as ideal model compounds for the studies Involving surfaces: photoreactions, adsorption phenomena and catalysis, scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and epitaxial growth of thin films. Recently, quantum size effects have been investigated in layered semiconductor colloids.

Download or read book Nanostructured And Photoelectrochemical Systems For Solar Photon Conversion written by Mary D Archer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008-08-04 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, expert authors describe advanced solar photon conversion approaches that promise highly efficient photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells with sophisticated architectures on the one hand, and plastic photovoltaic coatings that are inexpensive enough to be disposable on the other. Their leitmotifs include light-induced exciton generation, junction architectures that lead to efficient exciton dissociation, and charge collection by percolation through mesoscale phases. Photocatalysis is closely related to photoelectrochemistry, and the fundamentals of both disciplines are covered in this volume./a

Download or read book Charge Carrier Dynamics in Photovoltaic Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We employ the experimental technique THz Time Domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to study the optoelectronic properties of potential photovoltaic materials. This all-optical method is useful for probing photoconductivities in a range of materials on ultrafast timescales without the application of physical contacts. Using this technique we study the process of carrier multiplication (CM) - the excitation of multiple charge carriers by a single photon - in indium nitride (InN). InN possesses a number of properties favorable for efficient CM. However, we find that CM in InN is rather inefficient, contributing only to a modest efficiency increase in a potential InN based solar cell. Additionally, we study the dynamics of photoexcited carriers in 2-dimensional graphene with emphasis on the process of multiple hot carrier generation, which is related to carrier multiplication. A very efficient energy transfer from an optically excited charge carrier into multiple hot carriers is shown. We also perform a study of the photoconductivity of two types of 1-dimensional graphene-based semiconductors, flat graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes. Free charge carriers are observed immediately after excitation. The mobility of these carriers is found to vary significantly for the different types of 1-D conductors. The applicability of these graphene based conductors in organic solar cell architectures is briefly discussed. Finally, we explore the carrier transport properties of colloidal TiO2 films commonly used in dye- and quantum dot sensitized solar cells. We find that the photoresponse is dominated by long percolation pathways of connected particles, responsible for the materials long range conductivity."--Samenvatting auteur.

Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Solar Conversion Systems written by Andrés G. Muñoz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing new insights into the molecular and electronic processes involved in the conversion of sunlight into chemical products, Photoelectrochemical Solar Conversion Systems: Molecular and Electronic Aspects begins with an historical overview and a survey of recent developments in the electrochemistry of semiconductors and spectroscopic technique

Download or read book Interfacial Engineering and Charge Carrier Dynamics in Extremely Thin Absorber Solar Cells written by Michael Edley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic energy is a clean and renewable source of electricity; however, it faces resistance to widespread use due to cost. Nanostructuring decouples constraints related to light absorption and charge separation, potentially reducing cost by allowing a wider variety of processing techniques and materials to be used. However, the large interfacial areas also cause an increased dark current which negatively affects cell efficiency. This work focuses on extremely thin absorber (ETA) solar cells that used a ZnO nanowire array as a scaffold for an extremely thin CdSe absorber layer. Photoexcited electrons generated in the CdSe absorber are transferred to the ZnO layer, while photogenerated holes are transferred to the liquid electrolyte. The transfer of photoexcited carriers to their transport layer competes with bulk recombination in the absorber layer. After charge separation, transport of charge carriers to their respective contacts must occur faster than interfacial recombination for efficient collection. Charge separation and collection depend sensitively on the dimensions of the materials as well as their interfaces. We demonstrated that an optimal absorber thickness can balance light absorption and charge separation. By treating the ZnO/CdSe interface with a CdS buffer layer, we were able to improve the Voc and fill factor, increasing the ETA cell's efficiency from 0.53% to 1.34%, which is higher than that achievable using planar films of the same material. We have gained additional insight into designing ETA cells through the use of dynamic measurements. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that characteristic times for electron injection from CdSe to ZnO are less than 1 ps. Electron injection is rapid compared to the 2 ns bulk lifetime in CdSe. Optoelectronic measurements such as transient photocurrent/photovoltage and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were applied to study the processes of charge transport and interfacial recombination. With these techniques, the extension of the depletion layer from CdSe into ZnO was determined to be vital to suppression of interfacial recombination. However, depletion of the ZnO also restricted the effective diffusion core for electrons and slowed their transport. Thus, materials and geometries should be chosen to allow for a depletion layer that suppresses interfacial recombination without impeding electron transport to the point that it is detrimental to cell performance. Thin film solar cells are another promising technology that can reduce costs by relaxing material processing requirements. CuInxGa(1-x)Se (CIGS) is a well studied thin film solar cell material that has achieved good efficiencies of 22.6%. However, use of rare elements raise concerns over the use of CIGS for global power production. CuSbS2 shares chemistry with CuInSe2 and also presents desirable properties for thin film absorbers such as optimal band gap (1.5 eV), high absorption coefficient, and Earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Despite the promise of CuSbS2, direct characterization of the material for solar cell application is scarce in the literature. CuSbS2 nanoplates were synthesized by a colloidal hot-injection method at 220 ℗ʻC in oleylamine. The CuSbS2 platelets synthesized for 30 minutes had dimensions of 300 nm by 400 nm with a thickness of 50 nm and were capped with the insulating oleylamine synthesis ligand. The oleylamine synthesis ligand provides control over nanocrystal growth but is detrimental to intercrystal charge transport that is necessary for optoelectronic device applications. Solid-state and solution phase ligand exchange of oleylamine with S2- were used to fabricate mesoporous films of CuSbS2 nanoplates for application in solar cells. Exchange of the synthesis ligand with S2- resulted in a two order of magnitude increase in 4-point probe conductivity. Photoexcited carrier lifetimes of 1.4 ns were measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy, indicating potential for CuSbS2 as a solar cell absorber material.

Download or read book Surface Photovoltage Studies of the Space Charge Region and Charge Carrier Movement in Metal Oxide and Group III V Element Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion written by Rachel Madeline Doughty and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solar energy-driven water splitting reaction is a "green" way to meet the growing energy demands of our nation and world. Particulate water splitting photocatalysts employing cheap, earth-abundant materials to produce hydrogen fuel for energy storage are promising because they can be scaled up for the eventual phase-out of fossil fuels. Particulate catalysts are not yet economically competitive with photovoltaics currently on the market, due to energy conversion limitations resulting from inefficient electron/hole separation, transport, and recombination. This dissertation investigates charge separation and transport in metal oxide semiconductor materials as a function of light intensity, photon energy, and chemical environment. We hope the results from these studies promote the improvement of water splitting catalysts and systems. Chapter 2 employs surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) to observe charge separation in strontium titanate and gallium arsenide particles. We focus on a majority carrier-depleted region called the space charge region (SCR) because the width of this region and the size of the potential drop across it are directly connected with photochemical charge separation, as relevant to photocatalytic water splitting. The observed widths were up to 100 times larger than expected for an ideal system, and the observed potential barriers were 10-100 times smaller. We attribute this to chemisorbed oxygen in strontium titanate (Fermi Level pinning) and to the trapping of majority carriers in surface states that result from broken bonds and disorder in gallium arsenide. Chapter 3 observes charge transfer between each component of an n Si/p GaN/Rh/Cr2O3 nanowire array using surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The effect of the space charge region and different dopants on majority and minority carrier transport are discussed, and the built-in potential is estimated. Transient illumination of the p-GaN/n-Si junction generates photovoltages of more than 1.4 V, which is required for water electrolysis.Chapter 4 examines the metal vanadate family of compounds for use as particulate water splitting catalysts. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy is used to monitor photochemical charge transport in these materials for the first time. The surface photovoltage is small and is not thickness-dependent, indicating that minority carrier movement into surface trap states limits the function of the material. Cu+ and V4+ mid gap states also contribute to low photovoltage outputs of less than 0.10 V, indicating this family of materials is of limited use for water splitting in the future.

Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production written by Roel van de Krol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production describes the principles and materials challenges for the conversion of sunlight into hydrogen through water splitting at a semiconducting electrode. Readers will find an analysis of the solid state properties and materials requirements for semiconducting photo-electrodes, a detailed description of the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, in addition to the photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell. Experimental techniques to investigate both materials and PEC device performance are outlined, followed by an overview of the current state-of-the-art in PEC materials and devices, and combinatorial approaches towards the development of new materials. Finally, the economic and business perspectives of PEC devices are discussed, and promising future directions indicated. Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production is a one-stop resource for scientists, students and R&D practitioners starting in this field, providing both the theoretical background as well as useful practical information on photoelectrochemical measurement techniques. Experts in the field benefit from the chapters on current state-of-the-art materials/devices and future directions.

Download or read book Materials for Energy Conversion Devices written by C C Sorrell and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2005-10-30 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the finite capacity and pollution problems of fossil fuels grow more pressing, new sources of more sustainable energy are being developed. Materials for energy conversion devices summarises the key research on new materials which can be used to generate clean and renewable energy or to help manage problems from existing energy sources. The book discusses the range of materials that can be used to harness and convert solar energy in particular, including the properties of oxide materials and their use in producing hydrogen fuel. It covers thermoelectric materials and devices for power generation, ionic conductors and new types of fuel cell. There are also chapters on the use of such materials in the immobilisation of nuclear waste and as electrochemical gas sensors for emission control. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Materials for energy conversion devices is a standard reference for all those researching and developing a new generation of materials and technologies for our energy need. Detailed coverage of solar energy and thermoelectric conversion Comprehensive survey of new developments in this exciting field Edited by leading experts in the field with contributions from an international team of authors

Download or read book Charge Recombination Transport Dynamics and Interfacial Effects in Organic Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photovoltaic and Photoelectrochemical Solar Energy Conversion written by F. Cardon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there has been an increasing interest in syscems which enable the conversion of solar energy into electri calor chemical energy. Many types of systems have been proposed and studied experimenta11y, the fundamentals of which extend from solid state physics to photo- and electrochemistry. For most of the systems considered excitation of an electron by absorption of a photon is fo1lowed by charge separation at an interface. It follows that the different fields involved (photovo1taics, photo electrochemistry, photogalvanics, etc.) have several essential aspects in common. It was the main purpose with the NATO Advanced Study Insti tute held at Gent, Belgium, from August 25 to September 5, 1980, to bring together research workers specializing in one of these fields in order to enab1e them not only to extend their knowledge into their own field but also to promote the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas. The scope of the A.S.I. has been 1imited to systems which have not or have hardly reached the stage of prac tica1 development. As a consequence, no lectures on economica1 aspects of solar energy conversion have been included. The topics covered in this volume are the fundamentals of recombination in solar ce1ls (P. Landsberg), theoretical and experimental aspects of heterojunctions and semiconductor/metal Schottky barriers (J.J. Loferski, W.H. Bloss and W.G. Townsend), photoelectrochemica1 ce11s (H. Gerischer and A.J. Nozik), pho- v PREFACE vi ga1vanic ce11s (W.J. Albery) and fina11y, surfactant assemb1ies (M. Grätzel).

Download or read book Charge Carrier Dynamics in CuInS2 based Solar Cells written by Joris Petrus Theodorus Hofhuis and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Charge Carrier Dynamics in Novel Solar Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Engineering for Solar Harvesting written by Samrana Kazim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-24 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoelectrochemical Engineering for Solar Harvesting provides an up-to-date appraisal of the photon engineering of innovative catalysts for solar energy harvesting.Sunlight-driven fuel synthesis is the most sustainable and potentially economical option for producing energy vectors through water splitting. Thus this book focuses on the design of photocatalysts and water oxidation catalysts, as artificial photosynthesis and hydrogen fuel production via water oxidation (in place of fossil fuels) are two promising approaches towards renewable energy.The book critically analyzes the overall progress, potential challenges, and the possibility of industrialization of new catalysts in the near future. The primary emphasis of the discussion is on experimental approaches from materials synthesis to device applications, however, there will also be some introduction to relevant photochemistry concepts.Photoelectrochemical Engineering for Solar Harvesting is suitable for materials scientists and chemists who through the use of photonics are in continuous pursuit of improving the efficiencies of different devices used to capture solar energy for the generation of sustainable fuel. - Covers design of innovative energy materials such as photocatalysts and water oxidation catalysts for solar energy harvesting - Reviews briefly computational and theoretical approaches before providing comprehensive overview of experimental directions - Provides information to guide photon and photoelectrochemical engineering of catalysts for solar application