Download or read book Characterizing the Organic Composition of Marine Aerosol from the North Atlantic to the Oceano Dunes written by Savannah Lee Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosol particles in the marine environment play an important role in the Earth's radiative budget which are affected by the sources and compositions of the aerosol particles. Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected over four cruises in the remote regions of the North Atlantic Ocean and one field experiment from a stationary platform in the Oceano Dunes and were quantified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy with Near-Edge Absorption Fine Structure (STXM-NEXAFS) for organic functional groups. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were used to understand the elemental composition of the Oceano Dunes samples. The four cruises' atmospheric primary marine aerosol (aPMA) organic functional group composition was compared to see whether seasonal and biological changes had an effect. The average composition was 78% hydroxyl, 10% alkane, 6% amine, and 7% carboxylic acid groups, which was consistent with previous marine studies with sources including marine saccharides and amino sugars. The standard deviation within each season was greater than the differences between seasons, showing a limited seasonal response in the organic fraction. Generated primary marine aerosol particles (gPMA), atmospheric aerosol particles, sea-surface microlayer samples, and seawater samples were collected to compare the particle and bulk organic compositional differences as organics rise through the water column and are ejected into the marine boundary layer. The bulk organic composition consisted of the same three organic functional groups (hydroxyl, alkane, and amine groups) that comprised 50-90% of the quantified organic mass, though STXM-NEXAFS did illuminate the particle-to-particle diversity in all sample sources. The sea-surface microlayer and atmospheric aerosol particles were found to have far more variability in composition than generated primary marine aerosol and seawater, which could be attributed to a closer linkage between the organic sources and greater secondary processing within these sample sources than either generated primary marine aerosol or seawater. Coastal aerosol from Oceano Dunes showed a mixture of sources, with the dominant sources being wind-driven dust from the Oceano Dunes, sea salt from sea spray, and marine-derived organics. While this coastal location has recorded PM10 exceedances, the natural sources are unlikely to be a health-risk because they have not been shown to include toxic components.

Download or read book Marine Aerosol Physical Properties and Influences by Meteorology in the North Atlantic Ocean written by Nicole Chisholm and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine aerosols play an important role in earth's climate, but their effects remain highly uncertain due to a poor understanding of their sources, properties, and atmospheric processing, partly due to limited measurements. The Coastal-Fog (C-FOG) study investigated the processes controlling the formation and properties of fog in the North Atlantic Ocean. As part of this study, aerosol particle size distributions and chemical composition were measured off the shore of the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada, and used to investigate the sources and processes affecting the observed aerosols. Processed marine air during the study was characterized by single and bi-modal aerosol size distributions. Aerosols in the port city of St. John's, Newfoundland reflected local emissions built up due to poor ventilation, whereas aerosols in Halifax, Nova Scotia were lower in concentration because the harbour is more spread out. Finally, two particle growth events were observed. The first event captured the appearance of 10 nm particles that grew to 30 nm over 4 h. These aerosols appeared to be newly formed in the upper portion of the boundary layer with influence from the free troposphere before subsiding to the surface. In the second event, 45 nm particles grew to 70 nm over 8 h. The growth of these aerosols was most likely due to the direct condensation of organic vapours emitted from boreal forests and/or the ocean. Our observations provide important insight into the processes affecting marine aerosols and highlight the crucial role of boundary layer meteorology.

Download or read book Characterization of Carbonaceous Aerosol Over the North Atlantic Ocean written by Hansina Rae Hill and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric particulate matter has a substantial impact on global climate due to its ability to absorb/scatter solar radiation and act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Yet, little is known about marine aerosol, in particular, the carbonaceous fraction. In the present work, particulate matter was collected, using High Volume (HiVol) samplers, onto quartz fiber substrates during a series of research cruises on the Atlantic Ocean. Samples were collected on board the R/V Endeavor on West and East (March-April, 2006) and East and West (June-July, 2006) transects in the North Atlantic, as well as on the R/V Polarstern during a North and South (October-November, 2005) transect along the western coast of Europe and Africa. The aerosol total carbon (TC) concentrations for the West & ndash;East (Narragansett, RI, USA to Nice, France) and East & ndash;West (Heraklion, Crete, Greece to Narragansett, RI, USA) transects were generally low over the open ocean (0.36±0.14 & mu;g C/m3) and increased as the ship approached coastal areas (2.18±1.37 & mu;g C/m3), due to increased terrestrial/anthropogenic aerosol inputs. The TC for the North & ndash;South transect samples decreased in the southern hemisphere with the exception of samples collected near the 15th parallel where calculations indicate the air mass back trajectories originated from the continent. Seasonal variation in organic carbon (OC) was seen in the northern hemisphere open ocean samples with average values of 0.45 & mu;g/m3 and 0.26 & mu;g/m3 for spring and summer, respectively. These low summer time values are consistent with SeaWiFS satellite images that show decreasing chlorophyll a concentration (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) in the summer. There is also a statistically significant (p

Download or read book Unraveling Mechanisms Underlying Annual Plankton Blooms in the North Atlantic and Their Implications for Biogenic Aerosol Properties and Cloud Formation written by Kristina Dee Anne Mojica and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Individual Aerosol Particles from the North Atlantic Ocean and Southern Africa written by Jia Li and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Marine Boundary Layer Aerosol from North Atlantic and European Sources written by Ulrike Dusek and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Composition and Cloud Nucleation Ability of Marine Aerosol written by Chunhua Deng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is focused on the chemical composition and cloud nucleation ability of marine aerosol based on two cruise researches over Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean respectively. Implications of CLAW hypothesis and the factors influencing its validity are analyzed for the contemporary era with ever-increasing pollution. The pacific cruise started from Punta Arenas, Chile and ended in Seattle, WA during March-April of 2010. Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) was employed to identify the chemical composition and mixing conditions of single particles collected. By analyzing multiple particles in a collected ensemble, the degree of external/internal mixing of particles was also determined. Atmospheric aerosol concentration, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration, and chlorophyll a concentration in the underlying water (a metric for phytoplankton biomass in the ocean), were also measured. Our results indicate that long chain organic molecules were prevalent in the marine aerosol samples throughout the cruise. Long chain organic compounds tended to stay mixed with other organic and inorganic components. The influence of marine organic aerosols on cloud nucleation ability is analyzed. The North Atlantic cruise started from Woods Hole, MA and returned back to the same location during June-July 2011. The cruise passed through a wide range of conditions, including areas of high phytoplankton biomasses and extremely high DMS levels (over 1800 pptv). Aerosol concentration, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration, particle size distribution, as well as surface seawater and atmospheric DMS concentrations were performed simultaneously during the cruise. HYSPLIT back trajectories were used to classify air mass origins. Even though continental sources increased the total aerosol population, it depressed the effective CCN concentrations possibly due to the competition in particle growth. Continuous high CCN and elevated DMS concentrations over the open ocean occur concurrently, which can be explained by enhanced nucleation and condensational growth of aerosols in marine boundary layer (MBL) resulting from the DMS oxidation or primary aerosols from the sea surface. Our data also indicated that uncertainties remain in sea spray aerosol production flux function, especially for particles with dry diameter smaller than 200 nm. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151824

Download or read book 2nd Iberian Meeting on Aerosol Science and Technology written by Joan Rosell-Llompart and published by PUBLICACIONS UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Proceedings Book collects the conference articles and abstracts presented at RICTA 2014, the 2nd Iberian Meeting on Aerosol Science and Technology (also named Reunión Ibérica de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Aerosoles), held during July 7-9, 2014, in Tarragona, Spain. RICTA 2014 is the second Portuguese-Spanish meeting on Aerosol Science and Technology. Like the previous RICTA congress held in 2013 in Évora, Portugal, RICTA 2014 is the continuation of the successful RECTA, Reunión Española de Ciencia y Tecnología de Aerosoles, conferences, which have been held in Spain since 2007. RICTA 2014 has been organized by the Droplets, intErfaces, and floWs (DEW) Research Laboratory of the Universitat Rovira i Virgili, with the collaboration of the Asociación Española de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Aerosoles (AECyTA). The congress was held at the Campus Catalunya of the Universitat Rovira i Virgili. As in previous editions of RICTA and RECTA, the participation of young researchers has been encouraged, with the organization of the 5th Summer School on Aerosol Science and Technology, as well as awards for the best poster and PhD thesis. This book comprises three parts: the Conference Program, the Conference Articles, and the Conference Abstracts.

Download or read book Investigation of the Sources and Composition of Submicron Organic Aerosol Particles in Marine Environments Through Artificial Generation and Atmospheric Measurements written by Amanda A. Frossard and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosol particles in the marine boundary layer (MBL) play an important role in the Earth's radiative balance, and recent studies have proposed a variety of interpretations of their sources and compositions. This dissertation improves the characterization of the sources and organic composition of aerosol particles in the MBL. Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected in the MBL of five ocean regions and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS), HR-ToF-AMS with a light scattering module HR-ToF-AMS (LS-ToF-AMS), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (STXM-NEXAFS) to determine their organic functional group and mass fragment composition. Model ocean systems were used to generate ocean-derived primary marine aerosol particles (gPMA), which include particles resulting from seawater bubble bursting. The methods for measuring the organic composition of gPMA are compared, and the discrepancy between high resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements is attributed to the refractory nature of organics on sea salt in the HR-ToF-AMS. A method for dehydrating samples prior to analysis by FTIR spectroscopy is also presented. Both ocean-derived and anthropogenic emissions contribute to the organic mass (OM) in the MBL. Primary marine aerosol particles (PMA) were found to have similar compositions to marine saccharides and amino sugars, with 65% hydroxyl, 21% alkane, 6% amine, and 7% carboxylic acid functional groups. Contributions from photochemical reactions add carboxylic acid groups (15%-25%) to the PMA OM. Non-ocean-derived sources include shipping and other anthropogenic combustion emissions that together contribute more than half of the OM in the MBL. Seawater and gPMA have very similar compositions to the ocean-derived marine aerosol (mainly PMA). But there is a slightly larger fraction of alkane functional groups in gPMA from biologically productive seawater (35%) compared to oligotrophic seawater (16%). Surfactants in productive seawater may stabilize bubbles at the sea surface, enhancing drainage of soluble organics from their films before bursting and emitting particles. gPMA has a hydroxyl group absorption peak location characteristic of monosaccharides and disaccharides, while the seawater hydroxyl group peak location is more consistent with polysaccharides. This may result from the polysaccharides preferentially remaining in the seawater during PMA production.

Download or read book Sea Salt Aerosol Production written by Ernie R. Lewis and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2004-01-09 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 152. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) exerts a major influence over a broad reach of geophysics. It is important to the physics and chemistry of the marine atmosphere and to marine geochemistry and biogeochemistry generally. It affects visibility, remote sensing, atmospheric chemistry, and air quality. Sea salt aerosol particles interact with other atmospheric gaseous and aerosol constituents by acting as sinks for condensable gases and suppressing new particle formation, thus influencing the size distribution of these other aerosols and more broadly influencing the geochemical cycles of substances with which they interact. As the key aerosol constituent over much of Earth's surface at present, and all the more so in pre-industrial times, SSA is central to description of Earth's aerosol burden.

Download or read book Physico Chemical Properties of Nanomaterials written by Richard C. Pleus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout human history, we have long encountered the combination of promise, risk, and uncertainty that accompanies emerging technologies. Nanotechnology is a recent example of an emerging technology that promises to drastically improve existing products as well as allow for creative development of new goods and services. This new technology also has its potential downsides. Industry, academia, and regulatory agencies are all working overtime to assess risks accurately while keeping up with the pace of development. Subtle changes in the physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can influence their toxicity and behavior in the environment and so can be used to help control potential ENM risks. This book attempts to encompass the state of the science regarding physicochemical characterization of ENMs. It illuminates the effort to understand these properties and how they may be used to ensure safe ENM deployment in existing or future materials and products.

Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!

Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics

Download or read book Terrestrial Influences on Aerosol Composition Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean written by Michael Darzi and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecological Characterization of the Central and Northern California Coastal Region pt 1 Habitats pt 2 Community composition lists written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Dennis A. Hansell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-04 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, 3rd edition is the most up-to-date revision of the fundamental reference for the biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter. Since its original publication in June 2002, the science, questions, and priorities have advanced, and the editors of this essential guide, have added nine new chapters, including one on the South China Sea. An indispensable manual edited by the most distinguished experts in the field, this book is addressed to graduate students, marine scientists, and all professionals interested in advancing their knowledge of the field. Features up-to-date knowledge on DOM, including 9 new chapters Presents the only published work to synthesize recent research on dissolved organic carbon in the South China, a region receiving a great deal of attention in recent decades Offers contributions by world-class research leaders

Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.