Download or read book Characterizing Nanoparticle Interactions at the Cellular Membrane written by Arielle Christen Mensch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the use of nanotechnology continues to rise, the release of engineered nanomaterials into the environment becomes inevitable. A need exists to understand the implications of engineered nanomaterials and to develop sustainable alternatives as adverse impacts are uncovered. In order to reduce any negative impacts of nanomaterials and exploit any beneficial impacts, the field of environmental nanotechnology must aim to understand the behavior of nanomaterials in complex environments through the use of [in situ] analytical methods and utilize model systems (both in terms of nanomaterials and organisms) to determine the chemical factors that drive nanoparticle behavior. The work presented here focuses on the cellular membrane, which is hypothesized to be the first point of contact between a nanomaterial and an organism. The characterization of different models cellular membranes and the characterization of nanoparticle interactions at these model membranes are presented. First, we investigated the impact of natural organic matter (NOM), which is found ubiquitously in the environment, on the interactions between polymer wrapped diamond nanoparticles (DNPs) and lipopolysaccharide-containing supported lipid bilayers, a model for Gram-negative bacteria cell membranes. To demonstrate the relevance of our model system we extended our study to include experiments using a Gram-negative bacterium, [Shewanella oneidensis] MR-1. We found that NOM impacted the hydrodynamic and electrokinetic properties of DNPs in a concentration dependent manner, which altered subsequent interactions with both model and actual biological membranes. Our results demonstrate that the effects of NOM coronas on nanoparticle properties and interactions with biological surfaces can depend on the relative amounts of NOM and nanoparticles. We then examined the impact of polymer wrapped quantum dots (QDs) on supported lipid bilayers containing important biomolecules found in the outer membrane of eukaryotic cells (cholesterol and sphingomyelin). We used [in situ] analytical methods to study these interactions in real time and found that the QDs caused structural changes to the bilayers studied. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring coupled with nanoplasmonic sensing revealed favorable interaction between the QDs and the bilayers. Increases in dissipation and apparent mass gains upon rinse suggested structural rearrangement was occurring. Time-lapsed atomic force microscopy confirmed this hypothesis and revealed the disappearance of phase-segregated domains upon interaction with the QDs. Our results demonstrate the importance of using complementary [in situ] analytical methods to understand the complex interactions that occur at the cellular membrane. We next demonstrate the powerful capabilities of atomic force microscopy for imaging and characterizing biological membranes. We investigate the impact of the substrate in the formation and characteristics of phase-segregated domains in supported lipid bilayers. We considered commonly used substrates in different analytical techniques (e.g., mica, silica, and glass). We discussed the importance of considering the substrate in drawing conclusions across different techniques. We also demonstrated the spatial and temporal correlation of atomic force and fluorescence microscopy. Finally, we extended our work using atomic force microscopy and developed a protocol to image and characterize the mechanical properties of fixed and live rainbow trout ([Oncorhynchus mykiss]) gill epithelial cells. We discussed various experimental variables such as instrumental parameters, type of AFM probe used, and the confluency of the cells on the substrate. We found that the ideal imaging conditions included using an AFM probe with a low spring constant and relatively dull tip, working with cells grown to ~75% confluency, and scanning at low speeds, high amplitudes, and minimal forces. We showed that fixed trout gill cells had an increased height and modulus value as compared to live cells. This work demonstrated the first example of AFM imaging and mechanical mapping on either fixed or live trout gill cells and set a protocol to examine the impacts of different stressors, such as nanomaterials, on trout gill cells.

Download or read book Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano and Microsystems written by Leena Peltonen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn about the analytical tools used to characterize particulate drug delivery systems with this comprehensive overview Edited by a leading expert in the field, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems provides a complete description of the analytical techniques used to characterize particulate drug systems on the micro- and nanoscale. The book offers readers a full understanding of the basic physicochemical characteristics, material properties and differences between micro- and nanosystems. It explains how and why greater experience and more reliable measurement techniques are required as particle size shrinks, and the measured phenomena grow weaker. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems deals with a wide variety of topics relevant to chemical and solid-state analysis of drug delivery systems, including drug release, permeation, cell interaction, and safety. It is a complete resource for those interested in the development and manufacture of new medicines, the drug development process, and the translation of those drugs into life-enriching and lifesaving medicines. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems covers all of the following topics: An introduction to the analytical tools applied to determine particle size, morphology, and shape Common chemical approaches to drug system characterization A description of solid-state characterization of drug systems Drug release and permeation studies Toxicity and safety issues The interaction of drug particles with cells Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists and engineers, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers who deal with drug delivery systems on a regular basis, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems also belongs on bookshelves of interested students and faculty who interact with this topic.

Download or read book Nanoparticles Promises and Risks written by Mihai Lungu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-28 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this interdisciplinary volume is on four areas of nanoparticle research: characterization, manipulation, and potential effects on humanity and the environment. The book includes a comprehensive collection of data on industrial nanoparticle creation and the characterization of the nanoscale products of these processes. The authors describe the effects of these nanoscale structures on human health and discuss prospective implementations for detection and characterization of nanoparticles in the environment. They recommend, utilizing the most up-to-date understanding of nanotechnology, methods for limiting the negative effects of these products on the environment and human health through manipulation, sorting, and filtration.

Download or read book Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles written by Peter Gehr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the recent progress accumulated in studies of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells and cellular constituents is presented. The focus is on manufacturing and characterization of nanosized materials, their interactions with biological molecules such as proteins, the mechanisms of transport across biological membranes as well as their effects on biological functions. Fundamental molecular and cellular aspects are in the foreground of the book. A further particularity is the interdisciplinary approach, including fields such as preparatory and analytical chemistry, biophysics and the physics of colloids, advanced microscopy and spectroscopy for in-situ detection of nanoparticles, cellular toxicology and nanomedicine. Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel and unprecedented properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk materials. As our ability to control these properties is further advanced, a huge potential to create materials with novel properties and applications emerges. Although the technological and economic benefits of nanomaterials are indisputable, concerns have also been raised that nanoscale structuring of materials might also induce negative health effects. Unfortunately, such negative health effects cannot be deduced from the known toxicity of the corresponding macroscopic material. As a result, there is a major gap in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health.

Download or read book Membrane Characterization written by Nidal Hilal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-02-18 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Characterization provides a valuable source of information on how membranes are characterized, an extremely limited field that is confined to only brief descriptions in various technical papers available online. For the first time, readers will be able to understand the importance of membrane characterization, the techniques required, and the fundamental theory behind them. This book focuses on characterization techniques that are normally used for membranes prepared from polymeric, ceramic, and composite materials. Features specific details on many membrane characterization techniques for various membrane materials of industrial and academic interest Contains examples of international best practice techniques for the evaluation of several membrane parameters, including pore size, charge, and fouling Discusses various membrane models more suitable to a specific application Provides examples of ab initio calculations for the design, optimization, and scale-up of processes based on characterization data

Download or read book Interfacial Phenomena on Biological Membranes written by Manoranjan Arakha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on important interfacial phenomena, such as interfacial potential and interfacial multi-functionality, responsible for determining the fate of nanoparticles inside the biological milieu. Additionally, this book explores the role of surface defects in photocatalytic nanoparticles in defining the nanoparticle interaction to biological membrane and cytotoxic propensity.The authors describe the interfacial assembly of peptide/protein on conformational/functional dynamics of the peptide/protein, which may be adopted as an approach to moderate the protein misfolding diseases.

Download or read book Unraveling the Safety Profile of Nanoscale Particles and Materials written by Andreia Ferreira de Castro Gomes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As nanomaterials become increasingly present in our daily lives, pertinent questions regarding their safety arise. Nanomaterial risk assessment, as in other areas, directs much of the effort worldwide in defining guidelines that may be translated into national or international directives. Nanomaterials encompass different entities, from nanoparticles to nanostructured materials, with specific effects over cells, tissues, organisms and ecosystems depending on their biophysical characteristics. Such interactions will directly affect the impact of novel nanotechnologies. This book aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in nanotoxicology, featuring the most important developments and critical issues regarding the use of and exposure to nanoparticles.

Download or read book NanoparticleProtein Corona written by Ashutosh Kumar and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoparticles have numerous biomedical applications including drug delivery, bone implants and imaging. A protein corona is formed when proteins existing in a biological system cover the nanoparticle surface. The formation of a nanoparticle–protein corona, changes the behaviour of the nanoparticle, resulting in new biological characteristics and influencing the circulation lifetime, accumulation, toxicity, cellular uptake and agglomeration. This book provides a detailed understanding of nanoparticle–protein corona formation, its biological significance and the factors that govern the formation of coronas. It also explains the impact of nanoparticle–protein interactions on biological assays, ecotoxicity studies and proteomics research. It will be of interest to researchers studying the application of nanoparticles as well as toxicologists and pharmaceutical chemists.

Download or read book Drug Delivery Nanoparticles Formulation and Characterization written by Yashwant Pathak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring fundamental concepts, Drug Delivery Nanoparticles Formulation and Characterization presents key aspects of nanoparticulate system development for various therapeutic applications and provides advanced methods used to file for regulatory approval.This comprehensive guide features:Process Analytical Techniques (PAT) used in manufacturing Na

Download or read book Nanoparticles in Anti Microbial Materials written by Fiona Regan and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-07-30 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many nanomaterials exhibit anti-microbial properties and demand for such materials grows as new applications are found in such areas as medicine, environmental science and specialised coatings. This book documents the most up to date research on the area of nanoparticles showing anti-microbial activity and discusses their preparation and characterisation. Further materials showing potential anti-microbial properties are also discussed. With its user-friendly approach to applications, this book is an excellent reference for practical use in the lab. Its emphasis on material characterisation will benefit both the analytical and materials scientist. Frequent references to the primary literature ensure that the book is a good source of information to newcomers and experienced practitioners alike. Chapters devoted to nanoparticles, microbial impacts on surfaces and molecular biology are essential reading, while chapters on characterisation ensure this book stands out in the field.

Download or read book Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-02 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles.

Download or read book Single Chain Polymer Nanoparticles written by José A. Pomposo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-18 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book on this important and emerging topic presents an overview of the very latest results obtained in single-chain polymer nanoparticles obtained by folding synthetic single polymer chains, painting a complete picture from synthesis via characterization to everyday applications. The initial chapters describe the synthetics methods as well as the molecular simulation of these nanoparticles, while subsequent chapters discuss the analytical techniques that are applied to characterize them, including size and structural characterization as well as scattering techniques. The final chapters are then devoted to the practical applications in nanomedicine, sensing, catalysis and several other uses, concluding with a look at the future for such nanoparticles. Essential reading for polymer and materials scientists, materials engineers, biochemists as well as environmental chemists.

Download or read book Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-05-02 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles.

Download or read book Surface Chemistry of Nanobiomaterials written by Alexandru Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface Chemistry of Nanobiomaterials brings together the most recent findings regarding the surface modification of currently used nanomaterials, which is a field that has become increasingly important during the last decade. This book enables the results of current research to reach those who wish to use this knowledge in an applied setting. Leading researchers from around the world present various types of nanobiomaterials, such as quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes, silver nanoparticles, copper oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, magnetite, hydroxyapatite and graphene, and discuss their related functionalization strategies. This book will be of interest to postdoctoral researchers, professors and students engaged in the fields of materials science, biotechnology and applied chemistry. It will also be highly valuable to those working in industry, including pharmaceutics and biotechnology companies, medical researchers, biomedical engineers and advanced clinicians. An up-to-date and highly structured reference source for researchers, practitioners and students working in biomedical, biotechnological and engineering fields A valuable guide to recent scientific developments, covering major and emerging applications of nanomaterials in the biomedical field Proposes novel opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies in nanomedicine and nanobiology

Download or read book Cell Membrane written by Lorette Mandraccia and published by Nova Biomedical Books. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the molecular structure, physiochemical properties and interactions with the environment of cell membranes. Topics discussed in this compilation include the generation and characterization of recombinant HM-1 single-chain anti-idiotypic antibodies and their applications; large conductance of calcium activated potassium channels from protein complexes to function in mitochondrial associated ER membranes; unexpected plasma membrane location for a disulfide isomerase protein; and the effects of surface charge and particle size of cell-penetrating peptide/nanoparticle complexes on cellular internalization.

Download or read book Protein Nanoparticle Interactions written by Masoud Rahman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-24 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the fabrication of nanomaterials and exploration of their properties have attracted the attention of various scientific disciplines such as biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering. Although nanoparticulate systems are of significant interest in various scientific and technological areas, there is little known about the safety of these nanoscale objects. It has now been established that the surfaces of nanoparticles are immediately covered by biomolecules (e.g. proteins, ions, and enzymes) upon their entrance into a biological medium. This interaction with the biological medium modulates the surface of the nanoparticles, conferring a “biological identity” to their surfaces (referred to as a “corona”), which determines the subsequent cellular/tissue responses. The new interface between the nanoparticles and the biological medium/proteins, called “bio-nano interface,” has been very rarely studied in detail to date, though the interest in this topic is rapidly growing. In this book, the importance of the physiochemical characteristics of nanoparticles for the properties of the protein corona is discussed in detail, followed by comprehensive descriptions of the methods for assessing the protein-nanoparticle interactions. The advantages and limitations of available corona evaluation methods (e.g. spectroscopy methods, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, and differential centrifugal sedimentation) are examined in detail, followed by a discussion of the possibilities for enhancing the current methods and a call for new techniques. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of protein-nanoparticle interaction phenomena are explored and discussed, with a focus on the biological impacts.

Download or read book Lipid Bilayers written by J. Katsaras and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the reader with an up to date insight of the current state of the art in the field of lipid bilayer research and the important insights derived for the understanding of the complex and varied behaviour of biological membranes and its function.