Download or read book Characterization of the Hydrologic Regime of Four Carolina Bay Plant Communities written by Peter Vernon Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Carolina Bay, wetland restoration, plant community, hydrologic modeling.
Download or read book Characterization of the Hydrologic Regime of Four Carolina Bay Plant Communities written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful restoration of a wetland requires that wetland vegetation be established at the site. Unfortunately, the hydrologic regime of restored wetlands is frequently incompatible with these communities and the vegetation can not survive. This is sometimes a result of improper hydrologic design, but in many cases it is due to a lack of understanding of the hydrology required by these plant communities. The objective of this study was to provide quantitative data describing the long-term (40 yr) hydrology associated with the Pond Pine Woodland (PPW), Nonriverine Swamp Forest (NRSF), High Pocosin (HP), and Bay Forest (BF) plant communities found in three undisturbed Carolina Bays on the North Carolina Coastal Plain. This objective was achieved by simulating water table depths in the various plant communities in the bays over a 40 yr period with calibrated DRAINMOD hydrologic models. The hydrology of the PPW community differed significantly from that of the NRSF, HP, and BF communities in that water tables were deeper in the soil profile, water was ponded on the surface less often and for shorter durations, and the water table dropped to mineral soil horizons more frequently for extended periods of time. Further, the PPW received an average of 15% of its water input from groundwater inflow, whereas the other communities did not exhibit groundwater inflow. The source of the groundwater inflow is not known but it is believed to be a local phenomenon. The water could enter the bays either laterally from adjacent uplands or vertically from confined aquifers below. A confined artesian aquifer below one of the bays was likely the source of inflow for that bay. The hydrology of the NRSF, HP, and BF communities were very similar. The water table in the NRSF and HP occasionally dropped to mineral soil horizons, which may provide them with additional fertility relative to BF. The results of this study will enable wetland restoration engineers to better approximate the natural.
Download or read book Characterization and Community Analysis of Three Carolina Bays in Bladen County North Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carolina Bays are unique elliptical depressional wetlands that are abundant in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, particularly in North Carolina. A large percentage of these bays have been ditched, drained, logged, or otherwise disturbed by humans in the past 200 years. Currently, Carolina Bay restoration provides a means for mitigating wetlands lost to development. The purpose of this study was to characterize compositional variation of vegetation relative to gradients of environmental conditions in three Carolina Bays in order to provide reference data for restoring impacted bays. Within three unaltered Carolina Bays, soil sampling, water table monitoring, and vegetation assessments were conducted. Four community types were identified: pond pine woodland, non-riverine swamp forest, high pocosin, and bay forest. Distributions of these community types were strongly correlated to depth of organic material and associated soil properties and hydrologic regimes. Pond pine woodland dominated mineral soils; both pond pine woodland and nonriverine swamp forest were found on histic and shallow organic soils; both high pocosin and bay forest were found on deep organic soils. Examination of the data included simple averaging, single factor analyses of variance, Fisher's protected least significant differences, chi-square tests of independence, cluster analyses, and ordination procedures. The application of this material was intended for a North Carolina Department of Transportation Carolina Bay mitigation project and future Carolina Bay restoration projects in this region.
Download or read book Assessing the Reliability of Hydrologic Characterizations of Four Wetland Plant Communities written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous field work characterized the wetness requirements of four plant communities by modeling their hydrologic regimes in three reference wetlands and correlating the results. The objectives of this work were to: 1) determine whether the modeled predictions were accurate by growing four tree species that represented different plant communities under the modeled hydrologies in the greenhouse, and 2) determine how different tree species adapt to saturated soil conditions. Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana), pond pine (Pinus serotina), and swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii) were grown in greenhouse experiments under three hydrologic regimes: i) ponded for 100 d, ii) ponded for 15 d, and iii) unsaturated. Loamy sand and sapric materials from a restored Carolina Bay were the substrate materials used to represent mineral and organic soils. Bald cypress (representing Non-riverine Swamp Forest) adapted well to 100 d of ponding by producing lateral roots near the surface, aerenchyma tissue in roots and stem, and increasing P uptake. In organic soils ponded for 100 d, bald cypress had significantly greater height, diameter, and total biomass than all other tree species. Sweet bay (representing Bay Forest) adapted well to 100 d of ponding by producing adventitious roots on the submerged portion of the stem. Pond pine (representing Pond Pine Woodland) was intolerant to 100 d of ponded conditions and 75% of the seedlings died in the ponded experiments. Swamp chestnut oak (representing Non-riverine Wet Hardwood Forest) was intolerant to ponding and all seedlings died in ponded treatments. A rhizotron study was conducted to further observe and quantify biological, morphological, and physiological changes in two wetland tree species with differing tolerances to saturated conditions. Bald cypress and swamp chestnut oak seedlings were grown under ponded and unponded conditions for 106 d in rhizotrons containing the same soils used in the contain.
Download or read book Hydrology and Management of Forested Wetlands Proceedings of the International Conference 8 12 April 2006 New Bern North Carolina written by and published by American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Proceedings of an international conference held 8-12 April, 2006. The conference brought together scientists, engineers, researchers, planners, land managers, and decision makers to exchange the latest research findings and discuss relevant issues concerning forested wetlands. The proceedings includes 94 presentations on a broad range of topics including wetland hydrologic processes, biogeochemical cycling and transport, hydrology and water quality, restoration and BMPS, monitoring and modeling, land use, climate change effects, and sustainable management."--pub. desc.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gradient Analysis and Classification of Carolina Bay Vegetation written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report address four project objectives: (1) Gradient model of Carolina bay vegetation on the SRS--The authors use ordination analyses to identify environmental and landscape factors that are correlated with vegetation composition. Significant factors can provide a framework for site-based conservation of existing diversity, and they may also be useful site predictors for potential vegetation in bay restorations. (2) Regional analysis of Carolina bay vegetation diversity--They expand the ordination analyses to assess the degree to which SRS bays encompass the range of vegetation diversity found in the regional landscape of South Carolina's western Upper Coastal Plain. Such comparisons can indicate floristic status relative to regional potentials and identify missing species or community elements that might be re-introduced or restored. (3) Classification of vegetation communities in Upper Coastal Plain bays--They use cluster analysis to identify plant community-types at the regional scale, and explore how this classification may be functional with respect to significant environmental and landscape factors. An environmentally-based classification at the whole-bay level can provide a system of templates for managing bays as individual units and for restoring bays to desired plant communities. (4) Qualitative model for bay vegetation dynamics--They analyze present-day vegetation in relation to historic land uses and disturbances. The distinctive history of SRS bays provides the possibility of assessing pathways of post-disturbance succession. They attempt to develop a coarse-scale model of vegetation shifts in response to changing site factors; such qualitative models can provide a basis for suggesting management interventions that may be needed to maintain desired vegetation in protected or restored bays.
Download or read book Characterization of Soils in a Drained Carolina Bay Wetland Prior to Restoration written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carolina bays are oval shaped depressions, located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, that are wetlands. Many of these bays have been drained and used for agriculture. Drained Carolina bays have the potential to be excellent sites for wetland restoration. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the soils in a drained Carolina bay wetland, called Juniper Bay, to determine the potential for a successful restoration of wetland hydrology and vegetation. Juniper Bay is typical of most Carolina bays. It was formed in sandy Holocene material. The center depression has organic soils with an underlying buried soil and an impermeable layer. Historical research revealed that Juniper Bay was drained in three phases roughly 30, 20, and 15 years ago and placed into agricultural production. The process of draining the soils for agricultural use resulted in subsidence of the organic soil. Using a method comparing bulk density of the drained organic soil to the bulk density of an undrained Carolina bay soil, an estimate of primary subsidence was obtained. Secondary subsidence was estimated using changes in bulk density and changes in the amount of sand from the lower organic horizon to the surface organic horizon. The average rate of primary subsidence was estimated to be 3.9 cm yr-1 for the first 10 years since drainage, and an average rate for secondary subsidence was estimated to be 2.0 cm yr-1. Subsidence values were variable across Juniper Bay and with no correlations related to locations at the crest of a field or near a ditch. Three natural Carolina bay wetlands located in an adjacent county were used as reference bays because they were undrained and had forest vegetation. The relatively low variability in physical and chemical properties among the reference bays revealed that the data could be satisfactorily used to evaluate plant needs and hydraulic conditions in restoration projects. The soils in Juniper Bay were grouped according to the thickness of organic material; org.
Download or read book Hydrologic Analysis of Carolina Bay Wetlands at the Savannah River Site South Carolina written by Rose M. Chmielewski and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Characterization of Plant Communities in Nine Carolina Bays of Northeastern South Carolina written by Danielle C. Zoellner and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wetlands written by Committee on Characterization of Wetlands and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-09-20 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Wetlands" has become a hot word in the current environmental debate. But what does it signify? In 1991, proposed changes in the legal definities of wetlands stirred controversy and focused attention on the scientific and economic aspects of their management. This volume explores how to define wetlands. The committee--whose members were drawn from academia, government, business, and the environmental community--builds a rational, scientific basis for delineating wetlands in the landscape and offers recommendations for further action. Wetlands also discusses the diverse hydrological and ecological functions of wetlands, and makes recommendations concerning so-called controversial areas such as permafrost wetlands, riparian ecosystems, irregularly flooded sites, and agricultural wetlands. It presents criteria for identifying wetlands and explores the problems of applying those criteria when there are seasonal changes in water levels. This comprehensive and practical volume will be of interest to environmental scientists and advocates, hydrologists, policymakers, regulators, faculty, researchers, and students of environmental studies.
Download or read book Surface and Substance Hydrology of a Drained Carolina Bay Prior to Restoration written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juniper Bay is a 330 ha Carolina Bay located 13 km southeast of Lumberton in Robeson County, North Carolina. Carolina Bays are elliptical depressions in the landscape primarily located in the Coastal Plain region of North and South Carolina and Georgia. They are oriented with major axes northwest to southeast and their origin is unknown. Juniper Bay was drained beginning in the 1970's for agriculture. In the year 2000 the North Carolina Department of Transportation bought the bay to restore to a wetland. North Carolina State University wrote a proposal to do research at Juniper Bay and the overall goal is to evaluate the strategy and performance of the restoration of wetland functions in Juniper Bay and to test alternative restoration methods. This research focuses on the hydrology of the bay prior to restoration. The objectives are the determination of the current ground water flow paths and the water table regime both inside and outside the bay, the identification of a strategy for hydrologic restoration, the documentation of the variability in the properties of the water table regime across Juniper Bay and the reference bays that will affect the success of the restoration, and the assessment of the usefulness of reference ecosystems for defining required hydrologic factors necessary for long-term restoration success. There are three reference Carolina Bays, located in neighboring Bladen County, North Carolina. The hydrologic properties of these bays is the hydrologic goal of Juniper Bay once restoration is complete. Twenty-nine water table monitoring wells were installed to a depth of 2.44 meters in and around Juniper Bay in early 2001, and four water table monitoring wells were installed in each of the reference bays. Seventeen piezometers equipped with pressure transducers were installed in and around Juniper Bay along two main transects, with depths ranging from 2.44 to 10.36 meters. The results from the water table wells show that 4% of Juniper Bay in 2001 an.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 1996-02-26 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coverage: 1982- current; updated: monthly. This database covers current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines, reflecting recent advances in light of growing evidence regarding global environmental change and destruction. Major ares of subject coverage include: Algae/lichens, Animals, Annelids, Aquatic ecosystems, Arachnids, Arid zones, Birds, Brackish water, Bryophytes/pteridophytes, Coastal ecosystems, Conifers, Conservation, Control, Crustaceans, Ecosyst em studies, Fungi, Grasses, Grasslands, High altitude environments, Human ecology, Insects, Legumes, Mammals, Management, Microorganisms, Molluscs, Nematodes, Paleo-ecology, Plants, Pollution studies, Reptiles, River basins, Soil, TAiga/tundra, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrates, Wetlands, Woodlands.
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Topical Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management Spectrum 94 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report RMRS written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
