Download or read book Characterization of the Genetic Diversity in Common Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris L Using RFLP Markers written by Viviana Lorena Becerra Velasquez and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Differentiation Between Wild and Cultivated Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L written by Epimaki Mennas Kimolo Koinange and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification Characterization and Application of Molecular Markers Linked to Photoperiod Genes in Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L written by Weikuan Gu and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diversity and Functional Analysis of the Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Determinacy Gene PvTFL1y written by Shelby Repinski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants exhibit two distinct stem termination growth habit types: indeterminate and determinate. Plants with indeterminate growth habit have a terminal meristem that remains vegetative throughout the production of lateral vegetative and reproductive growth. Contrarily, in determinate plants, the terminal shoot meristem switches from a vegetative to reproductive state, resulting in a terminal inflorescence. While only indeterminate growth is observed in wild-type common bean populations, both growth habits can be observed in domesticated varieties. Determinate growth habit has been artificially selected, in combination with photoperiod insensitivity, to obtain varieties with a shortened and synchronized flowering period and earlier maturation, allowing mechanized harvest. In the early 1990s, researchers in Arabidopsis thaliana identified a gene, Terminal Flowering 1 (TFL1), as a locus controlling inflorescence meristem development. Three homologs of TFL1 were identified in common bean: Phaseolus vulgaris Terminal Flowering 1 x, y, and z (PvTFL1x, PvTFL1y, and PvTFL1z). PvTFL1y was the only candidate gene to contain natural genetic variation potentially correlated with determinacy and also co-segregate with the phenotypic locus for determinate growth habit (fin) on chromosome 01. In chapter one, our goal was to verify the role of PvTFL1y in determining growth habit. Using quantitative PCR, we found that two distinct mutant PvTFL1y haplotypes associated with determinacy caused mRNA abundance to decrease 20-133 fold; consistent with the recessive nature of fin. Furthermore, we were able to rescue mutant determinate (tfl1-1) Arabidopsis plants by transformation with the wild-type PvTFL1y gene. This work validates that the candidate gene, PvTFL1y, is the functional homolog of TFL1 and is the molecular locus underlying the fin phenotypic locus. In chapter two, we use the pervasive synteny among legumes species in a comparative genomics approach to identify growth habit homologs of PvTFL1y in 16 different Phaseolus species; two of which include accessions with a determinate growth habit: P. coccineus and P. lunatus. Neighbor-joining analyses of amplified homologs verified previous genetic relationships in the Phaseolus species. Additionally, a 2bp insertion/deletion (indel) in the P. lunatus homolog, PlTFL1, was found to segregate with growth habit. We created a Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic sequence (CAPs) marker for this indel that can be utilized in future co-segregation studies. No mutation could yet be found that could be causal to determinacy in P. coccineus. Several unique mutant alleles for determinate growth habit have been identified at the PvTFL1y locus and it is of interest whether they confer differences in flowering and plant architecture. In chapter three, we analyzed dissimilarities between four mutant PvTFL1y haplotypes by transferring them, using marker-assisted backcrossing, into a common genetic background. Most notable, one backcross population containing the most prevalent mutant haplotype, a 4.1kb retrotransposon, was found to begin and finish flowering significantly earlier than the recurrent parent and all other backcross populations. It is likely that determinate growth habit in association with earliness may have caused this haplotype to become the most agronomically desirable during or after domestication. More generations of backcrossing followed by recurrent parent background genetic selection will elucidate if identified trait associations are caused by pleiotropy or linkage. Common bean was domesticated independently in Mesoamerica and in the Andes. Within the Mesoamerican center, the domestication area has been narrowed to the Lerma-Santiago Basin of Mexico, while the Andean center still remains quite large. During Andean domestication, determinate growth habit was likely selected for as it led to a more compact growth habit and earliness. By analyzing shared haplotypes between wild and domesticated common bean, around the domestication locus PvTFL1y, it may be possible to narrow the Andean center of domestication. In chapter four we analyzed an 800 kb region around PvTFL1y, in 96 wild and domesticated common bean accessions. Preliminary findings have identified three unique haplotypes for growth habit, indicating that selection for determinacy, in the Andean gene pool, may have occurred several times since domestication. Two determinacy haplotypes appear most closely related to wild samples from Peru while the other clustered with Argentinian accessions. Complications in the analysis arose from high levels of admixture amongst wild accessions and inconsistent sequencing coverage across accessions sampled. Future studies should include important samples in replicate and reduce pooling to achieve maximum coverage across all accessions.
Download or read book Genetic Diversity Segregation and Recombination in Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L written by Oscar Mario Paredes Cárcamo and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing the Genetic Diversity of Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Landrances from Brazil written by M. L. Burle and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assessed the genetic diversity of Brazilian common bean landraces integrating three approaches: genotypic information using molecular markers, phenotypic traits using field trials and environmental parameters using GIS.
Download or read book Wild Germplasm for Genetic Improvement in Crop Plants written by Muhammad Tehseen Azhar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild Germplasm for Genetic Improvement in Crop Plants addresses the need for an integrated reference on a wide variety of crop plants, facilitating comparison and contrast, as well as providing relevant relationships for future research and development. The book presents the genetic and natural history value of wild relatives, covers what wild relatives exist, explores the existing knowledge regarding specific relatives and the research surrounding them and identifies knowledge gaps. As understanding the role of crop wild relatives in plant breeding expands the genetic pool for abiotic and biotic stress resistance, this is an ideal reference on this important topic. Provides a single-volume resource to important crops for accessible comparison and research Explores both conventional and molecular approaches to breeding for targeted traits and allows for expanded genetic variability Guides the development of hybrids for germplasm with increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
Download or read book Toward Genomics based Breeding in Phaseolus Vulgaris and Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Angular Leaf Spot Resistance written by Tamara Iva Miller and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is consumed by millions of people worldwide and is a staple source of protein, starch and micronutrients. Common bean production across the world is affected by abiotic and biotic stresses that limit the growth and yield of this important crop. Efforts to breed improved common bean for dissemination to farmers and consumers in East Africa is underway in several breeding programs worldwide. Improvement on agronomic and consumer traits such as disease resistance can be greatly aided by the application of next generation sequencing technologies. With the decreasing cost of DNA sequencing, genomic re-sequencing of diverse common bean accessions facilitates marker- assisted breeding that can be used to speed the creation of new common bean cultivars. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is an important aspect of modern bean breeding that seeks to utilize genetic markers to select individuals with improved agronomic and consumer traits. For example, breeders in the African Bean Consortium seek to introgress known genetic loci conferring resistance to multiple diseases into bean genetic backgrounds with preferred seed and agronomic characteristics. However, the usefulness of markers is dependent on whether they are polymorphic in the specific parents of the breeding program. Often genetic markers identified in a specific plant population are not useful for marker assisted selection among a different set of bean parents, which necessitates identification of novel markers linked to the genes of interest that are polymorphic among breeding parents. One disease that greatly affects common bean production in humid tropical and sub-tropical growing regions is Angular Leaf Spot (ALS; caused by the foliar fungus Pseudocercospora griseola Sacc.). Marker assisted breeding is being used in multiple different bean breeding programs to improve the resistance of adapted cultivars to ALS. The ALS resistance locus, Phg-2, is an important resistance locus used to improve plant resistance to Angular Leaf Spot in South America and Pan Africa, however in the case of the African Bean Consortium breeding programs in East Africa, certain bean parents used for breeding were monomorphic for the original marker used to perform marker assisted selection of Phg-2. In order to facilitate marker assisted selection of Phg-2 in specific breeding parents used in the Uganda bean improvement program, an alternative, co-dominant, marker linked to the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus was developed (Chapter 1). A new marker, g796, was identified which is polymorphic among the breeding parents; its co-segregation was confirmed in a segregating F2 population derived from the cross between French bean variety Amy and the ALS resistance donor, Mexico 54. This work was conducted in collaboration with Stephen Kimno and Esther Arunga at Embu University, Kenya, as well as other members of the African Bean Consortium bean breeding programs in Tanzania, Uganda, and Ethiopia. The application of DNA sequencing to marker-assisted breeding and crop improvement is rapidly becoming common in the development of improved bean varieties. A nearly complete reference genome and transcriptome for Phaseolus vulgaris was released in 2014 and newly resequenced genomes of diverse bean accessions are being developed for the purpose of marker assisted breeding. In Chapter 2, whole-genome resequencing of 29 bean accessions, including accessions commonly used as breeding parents, was carried out in collaboration with the Ratz lab at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, Colombia). Genetic diversity analysis was performed in order to access the evolutionary relationships between the sequenced bean genomes. Data generated by this work was made available to the larger bean research community and will be used by breeders and geneticists to perform marker-assisted selection and genetic analysis in the future. Angular leaf spot (ALS) occurs throughout Eastern and Southern Africa (as well as other parts of the world) and can cause yield losses up to 80% in environments that favor the disease. ALS is caused by the fungal pathogen, Pseudocercospora griseola, a highly diverse pathogen with many different races that infect diverse types of bean hosts. Growing crop cultivars with genetic resistance to the disease is one of the most effective measures for farmers to reduce crop losses due to ALS. The landrace Mexico 54 is used as a donor for ALS resistance in East Africa and marker-assisted selection of the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus from Mexico 54 is underway in multiple breeding programs in order to increase the resistance of adapted bean germplasm in East Africa and Brazil. Previous allelism tests between different ALS resistance donors suggested additional resistance loci exist in Mexico 54 besides the Phg-2 locus and were named Phg-5 and Phg-6. The genomic locations of the proposed Phg-5 and Phg-6 resistance genes in Mexico 54 have never been investigated, however, the existence of multiple resistance loci in Mexico 54 is likely the cause of its high level of resistance to ALS on multiple continents. In Chapter 3, a biparental mapping population consisting of 167 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was derived from a cross between Kablanketi, a preferred bean market type in Tanzania, and Mexico 54 in order to map additional quantitative trait loci that confer resistance to ALS in Mexico 54. The identification of novel ALS resistance loci will aid breeders to develop resistant cultivars as well as provide a greater understanding of the genetic diversity that influences resistance to ALS.
Download or read book Genetic Variability Analysis of Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Using Various Molecular Markers written by Zuzana Hromadová and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proccedings of the Second International Scientific Meeting Phaseolus Beans Advanced Biotechnology Research Network BARN written by and published by CIAT. This book was released on with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Maize Genome written by Jeffrey Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the maize genome since publication of the original B73 reference genome in 2009, and the progress in translating this knowledge into basic biology and trait improvement. Maize is an extremely important crop, providing a large proportion of the world’s human caloric intake and animal feed, and serving as a model species for basic and applied research. The exceptionally high level of genetic diversity within maize presents opportunities and challenges in all aspects of maize genetics, from sequencing and genotyping to linking genotypes to phenotypes. Topics covered in this timely book range from (i) genome sequencing and genotyping techniques, (ii) genome features such as centromeres and epigenetic regulation, (iii) tools and resources available for trait genomics, to (iv) applications of allele mining and genomics-assisted breeding. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in maize genetics and genomics.
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics to Enhance Crop Production Towards Food Security written by Ajay Kumar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Common Bean Genome written by Marcelino Pérez de la Vega and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights into the genetics and the latest advances in genomics research on the common bean, offering a timely overview of topics that are pertinent for future developments in legume genomics. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume crop for food consumption worldwide, as well as a model for legume research, and the availability of the genome sequence has completely changed the paradigm of the ongoing research on the species. Key topics covered include the numerous genetic and genomic resources, available tools, the identified genes and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified, and there is a particular emphasis on domestication. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the genetics and genomics of the common bean and legumes in general.
Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Plant Genetic Diversity written by Mahmut Caliskan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Molecular Basis of Plant Genetic Diversity presents chapters revealing the magnitude of genetic variations existing in plant populations. Natural populations contain a considerable genetic variability which provides a genomic flexibility that can be used as a raw material for adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The analysis of genetic diversity provides information about allelic variation at a given locus. The increasing availability of PCR-based molecular markers allows the detailed analyses and evaluation of genetic diversity in plants and also, the detection of genes influencing economically important traits. The purpose of the book is to provide a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic variation by presenting the thoughts of scientists who are engaged in the generation of new ideas and techniques employed for the assessment of genetic diversity, often from very different perspectives. The book should prove useful to students, researchers, and experts in the area of conservation biology, genetic diversity, and molecular biology.
Download or read book Association Mapping in Plants written by Nnadozie C. Oraguzie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides both basic and advanced understanding of association mapping and an awareness of population genomics tools to facilitate mapping and identification of the underlying causes of quantitative trait variation in plants. It acts as a useful review of the marker technology, the statistical methodology, and the progress to date. It also offers guides to the use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in association studies.
Download or read book Common Beans written by Oswaldo Voysest and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Diversity Assessment and Marker Assisted Selection in Crops written by Francesco Mercati and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exploitation of biodiversity is essential to select resilient genotypes for sustainable cropping systems as one of the main challenges for plant breeding. Mapping traits of agronomic interest in specific genomic regions appears as another pivotal effort for the future development of novel cultivars. For this purpose, there is evidence that MAGIC and other exotic populations will play a major role in the coming years in allowing for impressive gains in plant breeding for developing new generations of improved cultivars. This Special Issue focused on the application of advanced technologies devoted to crop improvement and exploit the available biodiversity in crops. In detail, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies supported the development of high-density genotyping arrays for different plants included in this issue.
