Download or read book Characterization of Strain Rate and Temperature Dependent Shear Properties of Asphalt Mixtures written by Qiang Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shear properties (cohesion and angle of internal friction) are the main material parameters for the rutting evaluation of asphalt mixtures. The strain rate and temperature dependency of shear properties was characterized for three mixtures based on the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP). The unconfined compression and indirect tension dynamic modulus tests were performed to measure the linear viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixtures by a modified procedure. The uniaxial compression strength test and indirect tension strength test were conducted at three temperatures and four strain rates to calculate shear properties of asphalt mixtures based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure theory. The strength and shear property master curves were developed using the shift factor obtained from the dynamic modulus tests. The analysis results show that TTSP is still valid for asphalt concrete in the damage state regardless of failure modes. The effect of confining pressure on shift factors can be evaluated by the Fillers-Moonan-Tschoegl (FMT) model. The mixture strength and shear properties exhibit a significant temperature and time dependency. The modified cross model can be used to describe the strength and cohesion master curves after slight improvement. Shear property master curves show preliminary promise for use in optimizing material design and improving the accuracy of rutting prediction.

Download or read book Binder Characterization and Evaluation Test methods written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Hot Mixture Asphalt Shear Resistance and Correlation with Rutting Performance written by Murat Guler and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rate and Temperature Dependent Fracture Characteristics of Asphaltic Paving Mixtures written by Soohyok Im and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cracking in asphaltic pavement layers causes primary failure of the roadway structure, and the fracture resistance and characteristics of asphalt mixtures significantly influence the service life of asphaltic roadways. A better understanding of the fracture process is considered a necessary step to the proper development of design-analysis procedures for asphaltic mixtures and pavement structures. However, such effort involves many challenges because of the complex nature of asphaltic materials. In this study, experiments were conducted using uniaxial compressive specimens to characterize the linear viscoelastic properties and semi-circular bending (SCB) specimens to characterize fracture behavior of a typical dense-graded asphalt paving mixture subjected to various loading rates and at different temperatures. The SCB fracture test was also incorporated with a digital image correlation (DIC) system and finite-element model simulations including material viscoelasticity and cohesive-zone fracture to effectively capture local fracture processes and resulting fracture properties. The test results and model simulations clearly demonstrate that: (1) the rate- and temperature-dependent fracture characteristics need to be identified at the local fracture process zone, and (2) the rate- and temperature-dependent fracture properties are necessary in the structural design of asphaltic pavements with which a wide range of strain rates and service temperatures is usually associated.

Download or read book Binder Characterization and Evaluation written by David A. Anderson and published by Strategic Highway Research Program (Shrp). This book was released on 1994 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineering Properties of Asphalt Mixtures and the Relationship to Their Performance written by Gerald A. Huber and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1995 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirteen papers presented at the conference on [title], held in Phoenix, Arizona, December, 1994, discuss the products of the strategic highway research program, the Superpave method of mix design, and test methods for fatigue cracking and permanent deformation. Lacks an index. Annotation c. by Book

Download or read book Using Mastic Characterization to Predict Asphalt Mixture Low temperature Cracking Behavior written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low temperature performance grading currently relies solely on Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) for determining low temperature creep stiffness (S) and rate of modulus relaxation (m-value) at 60s, both determined at low stress-strain levels, in the pre-failure zones. This aspect raises questions with regard to applicability of properties derived from the linear viscoelastic range for prediction of asphalt binder thermal cracking behavior. Furthermore, many researchers have reported a discrepancy between field cracking severity and predictions based on asphalt binder properties since the asphalt binder-aggregate interaction is non-existent in asphalt binder testing. Therefore evaluation of asphalt mastics properties which could save a considerable amount of time and equipment in comparison to mixture testing should be prioritized. These challenges indicate that considering fracture properties of asphalt mastics could be a better approach for prediction of thermal cracking in asphalt pavements. It is believed that development of failure master curves for the damage characterization of asphalt mastics at different temperatures and loading rates would be beneficial for better characterization of resistance to thermal cracking. Therefore, in this dissertation a mechanistic approach on the development of such asphalt mastic failure master curves was derived using the new BBR-SENB test for damage resistance characterization. The complexity of the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mastics in terms of time and temperature dependency is also recognized by the sensitivity of the failure properties to changes in loading time and temperature. This dissertation documents the development, calibration, and validation of a fundamental analysis framework of asphalt mixtures thermal cracking behavior using asphalt mastics as the continuous phase of these mixtures. Key conceptual components of this study include applying time temperature superposition principles to large strain failure properties, development of asphalt mastic failure master curves, and investigating relationship between mastic viscosity and aggregate structure of asphalt mixtures in the context of thermo-volumetric properties of mixtures. An analysis framework for predicting thermal cracking of asphalt mixtures was developed which include considering asphalt mastics, aggregate internal structure and temperature dependent thermo-volumetric properties. Results where compared to experimental data measured using the ATCA device, which allowed measuring strain and stress build up during cooling.

Download or read book 8th RILEM International Symposium on Testing and Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Bituminous Materials written by Francesco Canestrari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents the results of RILEM TC 237-SIB (Testing and characterization of sustainable innovative bituminous materials and systems). The papers have been selected for publication after a rigorous peer review process and will be an invaluable source to outline and clarify the main directions of present and future research and standardization for bituminous materials and pavements. The following topics are covered: - Characterization of binder-aggregate interaction - Innovative testing of bituminous binders, additives and modifiers - Durability and aging of asphalt pavements - Mixture design and compaction analysis - Environmentally sustainable materials and technologies - Advances in laboratory characterization of bituminous materials - Modeling of road materials and pavement performance prediction - Field measurement and in-situ characterization - Innovative materials for reinforcement and interlayer systems - Cracking and damage characterization of asphalt pavements - Recycling and re-use in road pavements This is the proceedings of the RILEM SIB2015 Symposium (Ancona, Italy, October 7-9, 2015).

Download or read book Viscoelasticity written by Wilhelm Flügge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No mathematical theory can completely describe the complex world around us. Every theory is aimed at a certain class of phenomena, formulates their essential features, and disregards what is of minor importance. The theory meets its limits of applicability where a dis regarded influence becomes important. Thus, rigid-body dynamics describes in many cases the motion of actual bodies with high accu racy, but it fails to produce more than a few general statements in the case of impact, because elastic or anelastic deformation, no matter how local or how small, attains a dominating influence. For a long time mechanics of deformable bodies has been based upon Hooke's law - that is, upon thE" assumption of linear elasticity. It was well known that most engineering materials like metals, con crde, wood, soil, are not linearly elastic or, are so within limits too narrow to cover tne range of pl'actical intcrest. Nevertheless, almost all routine stress analysis is still based on Hooke T s law be cause of its simplicity. In the course of time engineers have become increasingly con scious of the importance of the anelastic behavior of many materials, and mathematical formulations have been attempted and applied to practical problems. Outstanding among them are the theories of ide ally plastic and of viscoelastic materials. While plastic behavior is essentially nonlinear (piecewise linear at best), viscoelasticity, like elasticity, permits a linear theory. This theory of linear visco elasticity is the subject of tbe present book.

Download or read book Physical Properties of Asphalt Cement Binders written by John C. Hardin and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1995 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dozen papers from a December 1993 symposium in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas. Among the topics are why the new proposed rheological properties of asphalt binders are required and how they compare to conventional properties, the development and use of the SHRP direct tension specification test, oxidatio

Download or read book Characterization of Failure Properties of Asphalt Binder written by DA. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the characterization of the uniaxial failure properties of the eight core asphalt cements from the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP). Uniaxial tensile failure properties of asphalts are highly dependent on temperature and loading (elongation) rate. The tensile failure properties of the eight core asphalts were obtained for various temperatures ranging from -30 to 0°C (22 to 30°F) and elongation rates ranging from 2.5 to 50 mm/min (0.1 to 2 in/min). Mastercurves were obtained for failure stress, failure strain, and failure energy versus loading time using time-temperature superposition. The time-temperature shift factors were obtained from rheological studies of asphalts using dynamic mechanical testing conducted separately but as a part of the same project. A function describing the failure mastercurves was developed.

Download or read book Characterization of Asphalt Mixtures and Rap Binder Properties Through Impact Resonance Test written by Ilker Boz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of asphalt concrete is of paramount importance for the sound structural design and analysis of flexible pavements. Of equal importance is the availability of test methods that can provide an accurate and reliable measure of the required engineering properties of the material. For routine applications in material characterization, selected test methods should be reliable, simple, quick, repeatable, and cost eective. The use of nondestructive test (NDT) methods has proven to provide such characterization capabilities. Among those methods, the impact resonance (IR) test is a vibration based NDT method, and has been increasingly used for asphalt concrete evaluation and characterization in the past two decades. The majority of studies regarding the IR test in asphalt concrete applications have been focused on comparison of the IR test moduli with the moduli obtained from conventional asphalt concrete dynamic modulus tests and the predictive equations. In this dissertation, the IR test was utilized to characterize the properties of asphalt concrete mixtures and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) binder through mixture testing at a range of temperatures. To this eect, several independent studies were conducted.The second order equation of motion assumption in rheological modeling of the IR test response was evaluated for asphalt concrete testing. A set of asphalt concrete specimens was tested with the IR test, and the obtained signals at a range of temperatures were evaluated by means of the Hankel matrix method. The results showed that the assumption is violated for asphalt concrete testing, especially at high temperatures, mainly due to the presence of noise in the obtained response. However, the Hankel method was employed to filter out the noise. It was seen that the assumption could be employed for asphalt concrete at a range of temperatures including high temperatures, provided that the filtering is performed on the obtained signal. The results also showed that the employed filtering procedure produced improvements for the IR test material dependent responses, resonant frequency and especially damping ratio calculations.The IR test results are influenced by specimen size and testing configurations. A study was conducted to investigate the influence of aspect ratio (length/diameter) of laboratory specimens on the frequency response of asphalt concrete when tested with the IR. The IR test, performed in a longitudinal mode, demonstrated that the test is repeatable and reproducible. The test results indicated that the frequency response increased as the aspect ratio increased approximately up to 0.7, and then it decreased with a nonlinear trend as the aspect ratio increased beyond 0.7, indicating that the tendency of the frequency response reached a plateau as the aspect ratio increased. It was inferred from the test results that there was a threshold aspect ratio at which the fundamental longitudinal frequency mode was not the dominant frequency mode. Velocity calculations from measured resonant frequencies indicated that the true material properties for the longitudinal mode could be attained at an aspect ratio of as low as 1.In another study, the sensitivity of the resonant frequency response of the IR testing of asphalt concrete to asphalt concrete mixture parameters was investigated. The IR tests were performed on disk-shaped asphalt concrete specimens at the transverse (flexural) mode of vibration at a temperature range of approximately -10 to 50oC. Test results revealed that the relationship between the resonant frequency and temperature was described by a polynomial fit, and it was shown through statistical analysis that the slopes of the fit were significantly aected by mixture parameters such as air void content and binder content. Also, the statistical formulation (predictive model) between the resonant frequency and the asphalt concrete mixture parameters were established for a given aggregate gradation of nominal maximum size and an aggregate specific gravity. The prediction accuracy of the model was evaluated by independent data sets, and the test results indicated that the maximum error between the measured and predicted resonant frequencies was not more than 9 percent.In an eort to characterize the properties of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) binder with the IR test through asphalt concrete mixture testing, two approaches were utilized. An approach is proposed for determination of binder properties through the IR testing of mixtures with RAP and binders with known engineering properties. The IR tests were performed in the longitudinal mode at a range of temperatures between 3 and 35oC. Also, RAP binder and virgin binders were tested using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) at the same temperature range as the IR testing. It was seen that the IR test ranked the expected trend of binder stiness with respect to the resonant frequency of mixtures. The results indicate the potential of the proposed concept and feasibility of the approach in determining binder properties, including properties of the RAP binder. A practical method is proposed for determination of binder properties based on mixture testing.In the second approach, the IR test potential to characterize the low-temperature properties of an RAP binder that incorporated a rejuvenating agent was investigated. This approach included testing of mixes with virgin binders and pure RAP mixes treated with a rejuvenating agent at dierent levels using the IR, as well as testing of blends of recovered RAP binder, rejuvenator, and virgin binder using bending beam rheometer (BBR). The results showed that the IR test can properly rank the expected stiness of binders through mixture testing. The results also indicated high linear correlations between mixture properties obtained from the IR test (modulus and phase angle) and binder properties obtained from the BBR test (stiness and m-value, a relaxation index). The results clearly demonstrate the potential of IR to be used for grading and optimization for the asphalt binder of RAP and rejuvenator content in lieu of the binder recovery method.

Download or read book Special Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Modified Asphalt Binders in Superpave Mix Design written by Hussain U. Bahia and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of the Effects of Asphalt Binder on the Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt at Intermediate Temperatures written by Haifang Wen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The asphalt binder is an essential component of asphaltic mixtures. The performance of an asphaltic mixture is directly related to mechanical characteristics of the binder. With the development of new material characterization methods for both asphalt binder and asphaltic mixture, there is a need to re-evaluate the relationship between the properties of binders and asphaltic mixtures such that a proper understanding and selection of an asphalt binder can be made to improve the performance of an asphaltic mixture. In this study, the effects of asphalt binder properties on asphaltic mixtures at intermediate temperatures were evaluated based on recent developments on material characterization methods for both binder and asphaltic mixture. Five asphalt binders and five asphalt mixtures containing these binders with one aggregate were tested. Four of the binders were based on a modification of a base binder with different techniques. Complex shear modulus and monotonic constant shear-rate tests were conducted on asphalt binders, whereas dynamic modulus and indirect tensile strength tests were conducted on the mixtures. The effects of modification techniques on the properties of asphalt binders and the relationships between the properties of binders and asphaltic mixtures were evaluated in this study.

Download or read book Modeling the Effects of Temperature and Loading Rate on Fatigue Property of Asphalt Binder written by Haifang Wen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fatigue cracking is one of three major distresses for asphalt pavement. Asphalt binder is a very important component of asphaltic mixture. The fatigue performance of asphalt binder also greatly affects that of asphaltic mixture. Asphalt binder's fatigue characteristics are affected by external conditions, such as temperature and loading rate. It is warranted to study the effects of these external conditions on fatigue of asphalt binder and take them into account. New fatigue tests and properties have been proposed to characterize the fatigue behavior of asphalt binders, such as monotonic constant shear-rate tests. This study investigated the effects of temperature and shear rate on fatigue properties of asphalt binder. Two asphalt binders were tested with a range of temperature and shear rates. It was found that time-temperature superposition principle also applies to critical strain energy density and shear strength of asphalt binders. The values of shift factors for building the master curves of critical strain energy and shear strength are comparable.

Download or read book Long and Deep Tunnels written by Vittorio Guglielmetti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design and construction of “long and deep” tunnels, i.e. tunnels under mountains, characterised by either considerable length and/or overburden, represent a considerable challenge. The scope of this book is not to instruct how to design and construct such tunnels but to share a method to identify the potential hazards related to the process of designing and constructing long and deep tunnels, to produce a relevant comprehensive analysis and listing, to quantify the probability and consequences, and to design proper mitigation measures and countermeasures. The design, developed using probabilistic methods, is verified during execution by means of the so called Plan for Advance of the Tunnel (PAT) method, which allows adapting the design and control parameters of the future stretches of the tunnel to the results of the stretches already finished, using the monitoring data base. Numerous criteria are given to identify the key parameters, necessary for the PAT procedure. Best practices of excavation management with the help of real time monitoring and control are also provided. Furthermore cost and time evaluation systems are analysed. Finally, contractual aspects related to construction by contract are investigated, for best development and application of models more appropriate for tunnelling-construction contracts. The work will be of interest to practising engineers, designers, consultants and students in mining, underground, tunnelling, transportation and construction engineering, as well as to foundation and geological engineers, urban planners/developers and architects.