Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Application and Characterization of Surfactants written by Reza Najjar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surfactants are among the materials that have a significant importance in everyday life of human. The rapid growth in science and technology has opened new horizons in a very wide range, in which the surfactants play a major and vital role. Hence, the increasing number of applications as well as arising environmental issues has made this relatively old topic still a hot research theme. In the first section of this book, some of the applications of surfactants in various fields such as biology and petroleum industry, as well as their environmental effects, are described. In Section 2 some experimental techniques used for characterization of the surfactants have been discussed.

Download or read book Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation in Engineering Materials Science written by Peter Staron and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference specifically addresses the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods. As such, it provides a systematic overview of the increasingly important field of characterization of engineering materials with the help of neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The first part introduces readers to the fundamentals of structure-property relationships in materials and the radiation sources suitable for materials characterization. The second part then focuses on such characterization techniques as diffraction and scattering methods, as well as direct imaging and tomography. The third part presents new and emerging methods of materials characterization in the field of 3D characterization techniques like three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. The fourth and final part is a collection of examples that demonstrate the application of the methods introduced in the first parts to problems in materials science. With thoroughly revised and updated chapters and now containing about 20% new material, this is the must-have, in-depth resource on this highly relevant topic.

Download or read book Scientific Modeling and Simulations written by Sidney Yip and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-07 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although computational modeling and simulation of material deformation was initiated with the study of structurally simple materials and inert environments, there is an increasing demand for predictive simulation of more realistic material structure and physical conditions. In particular, it is recognized that applied mechanical force can plausibly alter chemical reactions inside materials or at material interfaces, though the fundamental reasons for this chemomechanical coupling are studied in a material-speci c manner. Atomistic-level s- ulations can provide insight into the unit processes that facilitate kinetic reactions within complex materials, but the typical nanosecond timescales of such simulations are in contrast to the second-scale to hour-scale timescales of experimentally accessible or technologically relevant timescales. Further, in complex materials these key unit processes are “rare events” due to the high energy barriers associated with those processes. Examples of such rare events include unbinding between two proteins that tether biological cells to extracellular materials [1], unfolding of complex polymers, stiffness and bond breaking in amorphous glass bers and gels [2], and diffusive hops of point defects within crystalline alloys [3].

Download or read book Modern Aspects of Small Angle Scattering written by H. Brumberger and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994-11-30 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technique of smal1-angle soattering (SAS) is now about sixty years o1d. Soon after the first observations of, a continuous, intense X-ray scattering near the primary beam from samp1es such as canbo:tt,bla:cks, it was recognized that this scattering arose from e1ectron density heterogeneities on a scale of severa! tens to severa! hundred times the wave1ength of the radiation used. By the time the classic monograph of Guinier and Foumet appeared in 1955, much of the basic theory and instrumentation had been developed, and applications to colloidal suspensions, macromolecular solutions inc1uding proteins and viruses, fibers, porous and finely divided solids, metallic alloys etc. numbered in the hundreds. Following severa! specialized meetings, the first international conference on small-ang1e X-ray scattering was helditi, Syracuse in 1965, marked by the presentation of new scattering theory for polydisperse systems, polymer coils and filaments, new instrumentation (the Bonse-Hart camera), and new applications to polymeric, biologica!, and metallic systems, to critica! phenomena and to catalysts. The second conference (Graz, 1970) no longer dealt exclusively with X ray scattering, but also inc1uded neutron small-angle scattering (SANS). SANS applications developed rapidly during this period, especially for studying synthetic and biologica! macromolecules, when the possibilities of exploiting scattering Iength density differences, created by selective deuteration, were recognized.

Download or read book Pore Scale Geochemical Processes written by Carl Steefel and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This RiMG (Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry) volume includes contributions that review experimental, characterization, and modeling advances in our understanding of pore-scale geochemical processes. The volume had its origins in a special theme session at the 2015 Goldschmidt Conference in Prague. From a diversity of pore-scale topics that ranged from multi-scale characterization to modeling, this work summarizes the state-of-the-science in this subject. Topics include: modification of thermodynamics and kinetics in small pores. chemo-mechanical processes and how they affect porosity evolution in geological media. small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. how isotopic gradients across fluid–mineral boundaries can develop and how these provide insight into pore-scale processes. Information on an important class of models referred to as "pore network" and much more. The material in this book is accessible for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in the earth, material, environmental, hydrological, and biological sciences. The pore scale is readily recognizable to geochemists, and yet in the past it has not received a great deal of attention as a distinct scale or environment that is associated with its own set of questions and challenges. Is the pore scale merely an environment in which smaller scale (molecular) processes aggregate, or are there emergent phenomena unique to this scale? Is it simply a finer-grained version of the "continuum" scale that is addressed in larger-scale models and interpretations? The scale is important because it accounts for the pore architecture within which such diverse processes as multi-mineral reaction networks, microbial community interaction, and transport play out, giving rise to new geochemical behavior that might not be understood or predicted by considering smaller or larger scales alone.

Download or read book Nanofibers written by Ashok Kumar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” ⎯ this was the title of the lecture Prof. Richard Feynman delivered at California Institute of Technology on December 29, 1959 at the American Physical Society meeting. He considered the possibility to manipulate matter on an atomic scale. Indeed, the design and controllable synthesis of nanomaterials have attracted much attention because of their distinctive geometries and novel physical and chemical properties. For the last two decades nano-scaled materials in the form of nanofibers, nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanoclays, nanorods, nanodisks, nanoribbons, nanowhiskers etc. have been investigated with increased interest due to their enormous advantages, such as large surface area and active surface sites. Among all nanostructures, nanofibers have attracted tremendous interest in nanotechnology and biomedical engineering owing to the ease of controllable production processes, low pore size and superior mechanical properties for a range of applications in diverse areas such as catalysis, sensors, medicine, pharmacy, drug delivery, tissue engineering, filtration, textile, adhesive, aerospace, capacitors, transistors, battery separators, energy storage, fuel cells, information technology, photonic structures and flat panel displays, just to mention a few. Nanofibers are continuous filaments of generally less than about 1000 nm diameters. Nanofibers of a variety of cellulose and non-cellulose based materials can be produced by a variety of techniques such as phase separation, self assembly, drawing, melt fibrillation, template synthesis, electro-spinning, and solution spinning. They reduce the handling problems mostly associated with the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can agglomerate and form clusters, whereas nanofibers form a mesh that stays intact even after regeneration. The present book is a result of contributions of experts from international scientific community working in different areas and types of nanofibers. The book thoroughly covers latest topics on different varieties of nanofibers. It provides an up-to-date insightful coverage to the synthesis, characterization, functional properties and potential device applications of nanofibers in specialized areas. We hope that this book will prove to be timely and thought provoking and will serve as a valuable reference for researchers working in different areas of nanofibers. Special thanks goes to the authors for their valuable contributions.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structure Analysis by Small Angle X Ray and Neutron Scattering written by L.A. Feigin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-angle scattering of X rays and neutrons is a widely used diffraction method for studying the structure of matter. This method of elastic scattering is used in various branches of science and technology, includ ing condensed matter physics, molecular biology and biophysics, polymer science, and metallurgy. Many small-angle scattering studies are of value for pure science and practical applications. It is well known that the most general and informative method for investigating the spatial structure of matter is based on wave-diffraction phenomena. In diffraction experiments a primary beam of radiation influences a studied object, and the scattering pattern is analyzed. In principle, this analysis allows one to obtain information on the structure of a substance with a spatial resolution determined by the wavelength of the radiation. Diffraction methods are used for studying matter on all scales, from elementary particles to macro-objects. The use of X rays, neutrons, and electron beams, with wavelengths of about 1 A, permits the study of the condensed state of matter, solids and liquids, down to atomic resolution. Determination of the atomic structure of crystals, i.e., the arrangement of atoms in a unit cell, is an important example of this line of investigation.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Non Destructive Material Characterization Methods written by Akira Otsuki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Destructive Material Characterization Methods provides readers with a trove of theoretical and practical insight into how to implement different non-destructive testing methods for effective material characterization. The book starts with an introduction to the field before moving right into a discussion of a wide range of techniques that can be immediately implemented. Various imaging and microscopy techniques are first covered, with step-by-step insights on characterization using a polarized microscope, an atomic force microscope, computed tomography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, infrared tomography, and more. Each chapter includes case studies, applications, and recent developments. From there, elemental assay and mapping techniques are discussed, including Raman spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, and various others. The book concludes with sections covering displacement measurement techniques, large-scale facility techniques, and methods involving multiscale analysis and advanced analysis. - Provides an overview of a wide-range of NDT material characterization methods, strengths and weaknesses of these methods, when to apply them, and more - Includes eddy current sensing and imaging, ultrasonic sensing and imaging, RF and THz imaging, internet and cloud-based methods, among many others - Presents case studies, applications and other insights on putting these methods into practice

Download or read book Physical Metallurgy written by David E. Laughlin and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 2963 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fifth edition of the highly regarded family of titles that first published in 1965 is now a three-volume set and over 3,000 pages. All chapters have been revised and expanded, either by the fourth edition authors alone or jointly with new co-authors. Chapters have been added on the physical metallurgy of light alloys, the physical metallurgy of titanium alloys, atom probe field ion microscopy, computational metallurgy, and orientational imaging microscopy. The books incorporate the latest experimental research results and theoretical insights. Several thousand citations to the research and review literature are included. - Exhaustively synthesizes the pertinent, contemporary developments within physical metallurgy so scientists have authoritative information at their fingertips - Replaces existing articles and monographs with a single, complete solution - Enables metallurgists to predict changes and create novel alloys and processes

Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Radiation on Materials written by D. S. Gelles and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Superalloys written by Nataliya V. Kazantseva and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superalloys form a class of the structural materials for high-temperature applications. Nickel superalloys are extensively used in the high-temperature components of gas turbines due to their excellent creep, fatigue, and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. These materials are considered paramagnetic in the range of working temperatures. This book presents the features of the ternary phase diagrams Ni-Al-X (X = {Co, Fe, Nb, Ti, Cr}), effects of the alloying on the long-range order and mechanical properties of the Ni3 Al-based alloys. Description of the strain-induced ferromagnetism in the Ni3Al-based alloys and magnetic control of the failure of gas turbine blades are also included. A separate section is devoted to the analysis of the vibration process and strength change in the single-crystal gas turbine blades. This book includes the review of the new intermetallic cobalt superalloys. The structure, crystal lattice parameters, orientation relationships between phases, mechanical and magnetic properties of the Co3(Al,W)-based alloys are described. Non-destructive magnetic point control of the martensite content in low-magnetic austenitic alloys is a new method for detection of the local sites with internal stresses. This method is useful for the detection of the residual stress in the critical parts of industrial products. This book may be useful for specialists in material science, first-year postgraduate students taking a class in material science and engineering, and engineers developing new alloys for the gas turbine technology.

Download or read book Bulk Amorphous Alloys Preparation and Fundamental Characteristics written by A. Inoue and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1998-10-19 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in bulk amorphous alloys has increased rapidly throughout the world and these materials have now gained a position of great importance in basic science and engineering materials technology. Bulk amorphous alloys based upon the Zr-Al-Ni-Cu, Zr-(Ti,Nb)-Al-Ni-Cu and Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be systems have already achieved wide commercial success as components of various tehnical accessories ranging from sporting goods to optical instruments. Here is a state-of-the art review on this new group of materials, covering all areas of interest, ranging from the synthesis of these special alloys and their fundamental properties, to their engineering characteristics and applications. This work will therefore be of equal interest to those who wish to become fully acquainted with the subject, and to those who are already actively engaged in the field.