Download or read book Characterization of Open cycle Coal fired MHD Generators Quarterly Technical Summary Report No 3 January 1 March 31 1977 Negative Ion Formation Electron slag Interaction and Alkali slag Interaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this contract effort is to understand how nonfuel components of coal will affect the electron and alkali seed chemistry in a high temperature coal combustion system like that envisioned for direct fired MHD generators. Three specific problems are being considered during this contract period. The first problem area is to characterize the formation of negative ions due to electron attachment processes in the combustion flow. While some stable negative ions may be formed from hydrocarbon combustion species (OH−), the bulk of the stable negative ions are expected to be formed from oxidized inorganic coal slag constituents (BO−2, PO−2, AlO−2, etc). Negative ion formation can reduce the conductivity of the MHD plasma, particularly at the low temperature end of the MHD channel, thus decreasing the efficiency of power generation. The second problem area involves the role slag condensation may play in determining the electron density through recombination, also adversely affecting conductivity in the core flow. The competitive balance between thermionic emission from slag droplets and electron/ion recombination on the droplet surfaces may be severely tipped in favor of electron loss processes, depending on the slag properties. The third problem area is the heterogeneous interaction of alkali seed with particles formed by slag condensation in the generator channel. Alkali seed material can be chemically bound into the molten slag particles tightly enough that seed recovery becomes prohibitively expensive. The loss of significant amounts of alkali seed with the slag could have a serious economic impact on proposed MHD systems. A coupled approach, involving both theoretical modeling and experimental measurements, has been devised to explore the negative ion formation, the electron/slag interaction, and the alkali/slag interaction problems. Research progress is reported.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Open cycle Coal fired MHD Generators Quarterly Technical Summary Report No 2 October 1 December 31 1976 Negative Ion Formation Electron slag Interaction and Alkali slag Interaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study on how nonfuel components of coal will affect the electron and alkali seed chemistry in a high temperature coal combustion system like those envisioned for direct fired MHD generators is described. Three specific problems are being considered. The first problem area is to characterize the formation of negative ions due to electron attachment processes in the combustion flow. While some stable negative ions may be formed from hydrocarbon combustion species (OH, HCO−3), the bulk of the stable negative ions are expected to be formed from oxidized inorganic coal slag constituents (CO−2, PO−2, AlO−2, etc). Negative ion formation can reduce the conductivity of the MHD plasma, particularly at the low temperature end of the MHD channel, thus decreasing the efficiency of power generation. This phenomena is expected to be particularly severe in electrode boundary layers, and particular attention will be paid to conditions characteristic of flow along the electrodes. The second problem area involves the role slag condensation may play in determining the electron density through recombination, also adversely affecting conductivity in the core flow. The competitive balance between thermionic emission from slag droplets and electron/ion recombination on the droplet surfaces may be severely tipped in favor of electron loss processes, depending on the slag properties. Also, the heterogeneous interaction of alkali seed with particles formed by slag condensation in the generator channel is studied. Alkali seed material can be chemically bound into the molten slag particles tightly enough that seed recovery becomes prohibitively expensive. The loss of significant amounts of alkali seed with the slag could have a serious economic impact on proposed MHD systems. An approach, involving both theoretical modeling and experimental measurements, has been devised to explore the negative ion formation, the electron/slag interaction, and the alkali/slag interaction problems.
Download or read book Characterization of Open cycle Coal fired MHD Generators Quarterly Technical Summary Report No 6 October 1 December 31 1977 PACKAGE Code written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has included theoretical modeling of important plasma chemical effects such as: conductivity reductions due to condensed slag/electron interactions; conductivity and generator efficiency reductions due to the formation of slag-related negative ion species; and the loss of alkali seed due to chemical combination with condensed slag. A summary of the major conclusions in each of these areas is presented. A major output of the modeling effort has been the development of an MHD plasma chemistry core flow model. This model has been formulated into a computer program designated the PACKAGE code (Plasma Analysis, Chemical Kinetics, And Generator Efficiency). The PACKAGE code is designed to calculate the effect of coal rank, ash percentage, ash composition, air preheat temperatures, equivalence ratio, and various generator channel parameters on the overall efficiency of open-cycle, coal-fired MHD generators. A complete description of the PACKAGE code and a preliminary version of the PACKAGE user's manual are included. A laboratory measurements program involving direct, mass spectrometric sampling of the positive and negative ions formed in a one atmosphere coal combustion plasma was also completed during the contract's initial phase. The relative ion concentrations formed in a plasma due to the methane augmented combustion of pulverized Montana Rosebud coal with potassium carbonate seed and preheated air are summarized. Positive ions measured include K/sup +/, KO/sup +/, Na/sup +/, Rb/sup +/, Cs/sup +/, and CsO/sup +/, while negative ions identified include PO3−, PO2−, BO2−, OH−, SH−, and probably HCrO3, HMoO4−, and HWO3−. Comparison of the measurements with PACKAGE code predictions are presented. Preliminary design considerations for a mass spectrometric sampling probe capable of characterizing coal combustion plasmas from full scale combustors and flow trains are presented and discussed.
Download or read book Characterization of open cycle coal fired MHD generators written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Open cycle Coal fired MHD Generators Seventh eighth Quarterly Technical Progress Report January 1 June 30 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful design of full-scale open-cycle, coal-fired MHD generators for baseload electrical production requires a detailed understanding of the plasma chemical and plasma dynamic characteristics of anticipated combustor and channel fluids. This report documents progress in efforts to model negative ion formation and slag condensation effects on core flow conductivity, to improve the ability to sample and characterize laboratory produced coal combustion plasmas, and to define a mathematical model of the diffuse discharge plasma sheath in the anode boundary layer.
Download or read book Characterization of Open cycle Coal fired MHD Generators Ninth tenth Quarterly Technical Progress Report July 1 1978 April 30 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful design of full-scale open-cycle, coal-fired MHD generators for baseload electrical production requires a detailed understanding of the plasma chemical and plasma dynamic characteristics of anticipated combustor and channel fluids. This report documents progress in efforts to model negative ion formation and slag condensation effects on core flow conductivity, to improve the ability to sample and characterize laboratory produced coal combustion plasmas, and to measure mechanisms and rates of slag oxide condensation. A set of parametric calculations showing the influence of various input parameters on a nominal full-scale, supersonic generator system is also presented.
Download or read book A Directory of Computer Software Applications Energy 1977 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Directory of Computer Software Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International aerospace abstracts (IAA).
Download or read book Quarterly Technical Summary Report No 3 for the Characterization of Open cycle Coal fired MHD Generators written by C. E. Kolb and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quarterly Technical Summary Report No 2 for the Characterization of Open cycle Coal fired MHD Generators written by C. E. Kolb and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Open cycle Coal fired MHD Generators 14th 15th Quarterly Technical Progress Report February 1 July 31 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful design of full-scale, open-cycle, coal-fired MHD generators for baseload electrical production requires a detailed understanding of the plasma chemical and plasma dynamic characteristics of anticipated combustor and channel fluids. Progress in efforts to model the efficiency of an open-cycle, coal-fired MHD channel based on the characterization of the channel flow as well as laboratory experiments to validate the modeling effort as detailed. In addition, studies related to understanding arcing phenomena in the vicinity of an anode are reported.
Download or read book Development Characterization and Evaluation of Materials for Open Cycle MHD Quarterly Report for the Period Ending September 1977 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this program are to develop, test, characterize, and evaluate materials for open-cycle, coal-fired MHD power generators. The specific immediate goals emphasize electrode and insulator materials, including: (1) testing and evaluation of the enhanced effects of alkali seed on materials in a dc electric field; (2) development and testing of improved electrodes and insulators with controlled microstructures, compositions and properties; and (3) characterization and evaluation of materials relating to both the US MHD Program and the US-USSR Cooperative Program for MHD power generators. The electrochemical effects of alkali seed/coal slag on MgO and La(Mg)CrO/sub 3/ electrodes were studied. Also, thermal diffusivity/conductivity of La/sub 0/./sub 95/Mg/sub 0/./sub 95/CrO/sub 3/, 0.75MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/ . 0.25Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/, 0.12Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . 0.88ZrO/sub 2/, MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/, and 0.75MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/ . 0.25Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/--chromium cermets were studied. Results are presented and discussed. (WHK).
Download or read book Characterization of open cycle coal fired MHD generators written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
