Download or read book Characterization of Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity Through Years of Selection in Two Public Soybean Breeding Programs written by Robert Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recurring issue in plant breeding is the narrowing of genetic diversity through continued selections by plant breeders to produce new cultivars. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the genetic and phenotypic diversity of two University of Guelph soybean breeding programs to characterize selections over decades of breeding. To study the genetic and phenotypic diversity of both University of Guelph soybean breeding programs, a panel of 296 pedigree-related genotypes from 1907 to 2016 was studied, the University of Guelph Germplasm Panel (UGGP). The genotypes were characterized using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) resulting in 40,307 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fragment sequencing resulting in 180 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The markers were analyzed to determine differences between the two breeding programs and historical genotypes. The Guelph germplasm had overlap with historical genotypes, while the Ridgetown germplasm did not show the same pattern. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay was found with R2=0.2 at a distance of 600 kb genome-wide. Sliding window nucleotide diversity analysis found multiple genomic regions with differing patterns of low diversity between the groups of germplasm studied, which may attributable to breeder selection or crop domestication. One hundred and eighty Guelph and 96 Ridgetown genotypes were field-tested across multiple locations in 2015 and 2016 to identify trends in phenotypes over decades of soybean breeding. Some of the overall trends reported include: increasing oil concentration, increasing yield and decreasing linolenic acid concentration over year of release. In general, experimental germplasm had a wider range for the traits measured than other genotypes. Broad-sense heritability (H2) was high for many agronomic and seed traits in the UGGP genotypes. Analyzing the cost of SSR and SNP markers revealed SNPs markers being cheaper than SSRs to implement in a breeding program. Conversely, SSRs were used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) due to ease-of-use and short assay time. Overall, this thesis provides a baseline for the genetic and phenotypic diversity studies of soybean breeding programs, with the aim of assessing the genotypic and phenotypic changes in the germplasm. The findings in this thesis could be used by breeders to improve soybean breeding efforts.
Download or read book Characterization of a Diverse USDA Collection of Wild Soybean glycine Soja Siebold Zucc Accessions and Subsequent Mapping for Seed Composition and Agronomic Traits in a RIL Population written by Thang Cao La and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relatively low genomic variation of current U.S. soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] cultivars constrains the improvement of grain yield, seed quality, and other agronomic traits within soybean breeding programs. Recently, a substantial effort has been undertaken to introduce novel genetic diversity present in wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.) into new elite cultivars, in both public and private applied soybean breeding programs. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the phenotypic diversity within a core collection of 80 G. soja plant introductions (PIs) in the United States Department of Agriculture National Genetic Resources Program that were collected in China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea, and to analyze the correlations between agronomic and seed composition traits. Field tests were conducted in Missouri and North Carolina during three years, 2013, 2014, and 2015, in a randomized complete block design (n=3). The phenotypic data collected included plant maturity date, seed weight, and the seed concentration of protein, oil, essential amino acid, fatty acid, and soluble carbohydrates. Analyzing the data from six environments, we found genotype was a significant (p
Download or read book Coefficient of parantage and Genetic similarity Estimates for 258 North American Soybean Cultivars Released by Public Agencies During 1945 88 written by T. E. Carter Junior and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a catalog of genetic relations among 258 soybean cultivars released by public agencies during 1945-88. Its purpose is to provide soybean breeders with a practical guide for the selection of good parental material and for the preservation of genetic diversity in their breeding programs. To develop this guide, we used pedigree analysis, a common technique in plant breeding. Based on the concept of allelic identity by descent, this approach uses the familial relationships among cultivars to quantify the probability of two cultivars having identical genes at a random locus. This probability is known as the coefficient of parentage. The calculation of coefficient of parentage requires some assumptions regarding relations among the ancestors of modern soybean cultivars. Because these assumptions have some potential for altering the interpretation of our results, we present two estimates of genetic relatedness of soybean cultivars, using different assumptions for calculation in each analysis. In the first analysis, we make the convertional assumption that the original plant introductions used in North American soybean breeding (those for which pedigrees are unknown) are all equally unrelated. In the secon, which we refer to as a genetic similarity analysis, we assume that patterns of relatedness do exist in this original founding stock. Gizlice (1991) compared phenotypes of 14 plant introductions that constitute 70% of the genetic material use in U.S. soybean breeding and also described patterns of diversity within this group. We superimposed this information on the conventional pedigree analysis to obtain genetic-similarity estimates for the 258 cultivars. As an additional measure of diversity in soybean, we also present the coefficient of parentage between the cultivars mentioned and 50 major ancestors of the modern soybean. Our results summarize the complicated pedigrees in a simple way so that breeders can easily determine the genetic diversity of the material in their program.
Download or read book Biological Resources and Migration written by Dietrich Werner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration of humans and animals, plants and even microbes is a ubiquitous global phenomenon. This book covers all forms of migration - plant, microbial, animal or human - and their mutual impact in detail. The contributions in this book are the result of an innovative International Conference and OECD Workshop aimed at triggering off the interdisciplinary dialogue between natural scientists and socioeconomists.
Download or read book Tropical Maize written by R. L. Paliwal and published by Fao. This book was released on 2000 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is an important crop and the demand for as both food and animal feed is expected to grow by 235 million tonnes between now and 2030. In many countries it will be difficult to increase the area under cultivation, so gains will have to come from increased productivity and intensification of the cropping system. This book looks at all aspects of tropical maize production from physiology, growing environments, pest and diseases, plant breeding and crop management and it is a substantial information resource necessary for the development of the crop.
Download or read book Soybean Breeding written by Felipe Lopes da Silva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-10 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written by soybean experts to cluster in a single publication the most relevant and modern topics in soybean breeding. It is geared mainly to students and soybean breeders around the world. It is unique since it presents the challenges and opportunities faced by soybean breeders outside the temperate world.
Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Soybean written by Kristin Bilyeu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soybean is an economically important leguminous seed crop for feed and food products that is rich in seed protein (about 40 percent) and oil (about 20 percent); it enriches the soil by fixing nitrogen in symbiosis with bacteria. Soybean was domesticated in northeastern China about 2500 BC and subsequently spread to other countries. The enormous
Download or read book Soybean Varietal Diversity in the People s Republic of China written by Laura A. Saxe and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of Soybean Variety Development Breeding and Genetic Engineering 1902 2020 written by William Shurtleff; Akiko Aoyagi and published by Soyinfo Center. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 1481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's most comprehensive, well documented and well illustrated book on this subject. With extensive subject and geographic index. 152 photographs and illustrations - mostly color, Free of charge in digital format on Google Books.
Download or read book Genomic Selection for Yield and Seed Composition Stability in an Applied Soybean Breeding Program written by Benjamin Mark Harms and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stability traits are of primary importance in plant breeding to ensure consistency in phenotype across a range of environments. However, selection efficiency and accuracy for stability traits can be hindered due to the requirement of obtaining phenotype data across multiple years and environments for proper stability analysis. Genomic selection is a method that allows prediction of a phenotype prior to observation in the field using genome-wide marker data and phenotype data from a training population. To assess prediction of stability traits, two elite-yielding soybean populations developed three years apart in the same breeding program were used. The individuals in each population were tested across three years and seven or more environments, allowing for calculation of observed stability and assessment of prediction accuracy. The primary goal of this research was to provide an overview of genomic selection for yield stability, protein content stability, and oil content stability in an applied soybean breeding program. Factors affecting prediction accuracy were assessed, including SNP density, SNP marker type, and stability measure. Briefly, predictive abilities were low across all stability traits and stability measures for prediction across populations, ranging from -0.01 to 0.37. During applied prediction of non-parametric measures for yield stability, we obtained rank coincidence of roughly 0.65. When individuals in the top half of predicted stability are selected, roughly 65% of those individuals are expected to be in the top half of observed stability. For prediction of protein and oil content stability for static environmental variance stability, we obtained rank coincidence of 0.59 and 0.58. While predictive abilities were too low for use in a breeding program, rank coincidence gave more promising results for applied genomic selection for stability traits. With improvement in methods such as prediction model, SNP type, and greater training and validation phenotype environments, there is potential for genomic selection to effectively improve stability in a breeding program by implementing selection at an early stage when phenotype data are insufficient to select for stability.
Download or read book Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.
Download or read book Molecular Characterization of Soybeans written by Muhiuddin Faruquee and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean is one of the most popular protein rich leguminous crop used as food and feed. However, yield performance is very low and varied in different environments drastically in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present work has been planned to select high yielded stable soybean genotypes through mutation breeding. I performed two experiments where fifteen soybean genotypes were used. In the first experiment the superior soybean mutant genotypes were selected by testing yield performance and genotype-environment interaction was observed for stability. In the second experiment selected soybean mutants were characterized using RAPD marker. Polymorphic bands of RAPD markers suggesting that genotypes were different from each other and possessed genetic diversity among them. Thus, these markers could be efficient for comparing the genetic relationships, patterns of variation and measurement of genetic distance among the selected soybean genotypes. Therefore, from these soybean mutants SBM-09, SBM-17 and BINA Soybean-1 had been selected as stable and higher yield performing genotypes for enhancing yield.
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Quality Traits for Food grade Soybean Glycine Max L Merr in a Breeding Population written by Mao Huang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Food-grade soybeans are a specialty crop with unique chemical and physical seed quality requirements. The tofu production market requires large, round soybean seed with a clear hilum and high protein content. The aim of this project was to detect QTL responsible for traits important in food-grade soybeans, and to provide information for the selection of food-grade soybeans in a breeding program. This study assessed seed shape, size, density, weight, protein content, and oil content in two independent populations of breeding lines and cultivars as well as textural traits of the tofu produced from a subset of those. By identifying the relationship between seed traits and tofu texture, the previously established positive correlation between seed protein content and the stiffness and gel strength of tofu were confirmed. Little to no correlations between seed size and shape measurements and the texture of tofu were detected, indicating that this consumer preference for large, round seeds may not relate to tofu quality. The effects of selection for specialty traits on the genetic differentiation within a breeding program were assessed, results shown that both parental and progeny selection contributed to genetic differentiation and population structure. Association mapping was conducted with 504 markers in a population of 242 breeding lines and cultivars, leading to the identification of 50 significant marker-trait associations. Of the 27 significant associations tested in another independent confirmation population consisting of 152 lines or cultivars, 12 were confirmed. These results can be directly applied to increase selection efficiency in a breeding program.
Download or read book The Soybean Genome written by Henry T. Nguyen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the application of soybean genome sequences to comparative, structural, and functional genomics. Since the availability of the soybean genome sequence has revolutionized molecular research on this important crop species, the book also describes how the genome sequence has shaped research on transposon biology and applications for gene identification, tilling and positional gene cloning. Further, the book shows how the genome sequence influences research in the areas of genetic mapping, marker development, and genome-wide association mapping for identifying important trait genes and soybean breeding. In closing, the economic and botanical aspects of the soybean are also addressed.
Download or read book Estimation of the Genetic Structure of an Elite Soybean Population and Its Application to a Soybean Breeding Program written by Clay Hurd Sneller and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soybeans Improvement Production and Uses written by Billy E. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Soybean Seed Yield Using Optimized Phenotyping written by Brent Scott Christenson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crops research moving forward faces many challenges to improve crop performance. In breeding programs, phenotyping has time and economic constraints requiring new phenotyping techniques to be developed to improve selection efficiency and increase germplasm entering the pipeline. The objectives of these studies were to examine the changes in spectral reflectance with soybean breeding from 1923 to 2010, evaluate band regions most significantly contributing to yield estimation, evaluate spectral reflectance data for yield estimation modeling across environments and growth stages and to evaluate the usefulness of spectral data as an optimized phenotyping technique in breeding programs. Twenty maturity group III (MGIII) and twenty maturity group IV (MGIV) soybeans, arranged in a randomized complete block design, were grown in Manhattan, KS in 2011 and 2012. Spectral reflectance data were collected over the growing season in a total of six irrigated and water- stressed environments. Partial least squares and multiple linear regression were used for spectral variable selection and yield estimation model building. Significant differences were found between genotypes for yield and spectral reflectance data, with the visible (VI) having greater differences between genotypes than the near-infrared (NIR). This study found significant correlations with year of release (YOR) in the VI and NIR portions of the spectra, with newer released cultivars tending to have lower reflectance in the VI and high reflectance in the NIR. Spectral reflectance data accounted for a large portion of variability for seed yield between genotypes using the red edge and NIR portions of the spectra. Irrigated environments tended to explain a larger portion of seed yield variability than water-stressed environments. Growth stages most useful for yield estimation was highly dependent upon the environment as well as maturity group. This study found that spectral reflectance data is a good candidate for exploration into optimized phenotyping techniques and with further research and validation datasets, may be a suitable indirect selection technique for breeding programs.
