Download or read book Characterization of Free radical Solution Polymerizations of Acrylamide Initiated by Persulfate Initiator Systems written by Yashu Chen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In order to reduce the water production and improve the oil recovery of mature reservoir, various conformance control technologies have been extensively developed. Preformed particle gel (PPG), a cost-effective plugging agent, has been successfully applied to block the high permeability zone and thus to displace the water to up-swept zone. A common PPG based on polyacrylamide hydrogel have been wildly used. Identifying the parameters that affect gelation performance and understand how these parameters affect the performance is very useful to predict and manipulate the gelation time and to control the performance of gels. The objective of this research is to optimize the concentration of three persulfate initiator systems and to study the effect of some factors (water content, initiator concentration, temperature and pH value) on the gel performance (gelation time, gel strength, swelling ratio and exothermicity). The four types of initiators test during this research are ammonium persulfate (APS), ammonium persulfate (APS)/potassium persulfate (KPS), ammonium persulfate (APS) / sodium thiosulfate (STS) and ammonium persulfate (APS) / sodium metabisulfite (SMS) initiator system. Experimental results showed that different initiator system will be selected according to the different synthetic conditions. All the factors which tested in this research can sensitively affect the gelation time. The gel strength is scarcely influenced by initiator concentration and temperature and greatly affected by water content and pH value"--Abstract, page iii.

Download or read book Kinetic Study of the Solution Polymerization of Methacrylamide Initiated with Potassium Persulfate Using In Situ Raman Spectroscopy and Novel Multivariate Data Analysis written by Jiang Ying and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Aqueous Phase Polymerization of Acrylamide a Kinetics and Mechanism Study written by John Perry Riggs and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Fluid Flow on Free Radical Polymerization in a Batch Reactor written by Gerardo M. Pineda-Torres and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the mixing process on a batch reactor is analyzed for the thermal synthesis of poly(acrylamide-co-sodium 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonate) initiated by ammonium persulfate. The analysis is achieved by using tracer technology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). ANSYS Fluent® software is used for numerical simulations. By studying the mixing time in the reactor, the injection point and the stirring speed are determined so that the kinetics of copolymerization is improved.

Download or read book Characterization of the Solution Polymerization of Acrylamide and the Emulsion Polymerization of Ethyl Acrylate with Density Measuremements written by Leonard C. Rowe and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Kinetic Study of the Solution Polymerization of Acrylamide Using Potassium Persulfate as an Initiator written by Hong-Ru Lin and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Dilatometric Study of the Photoinitiated Polymerization of Acrylamide and Methacrylamide written by Sandra Louise Leyba Chavez and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Radical Polymerization Kinetics in Aqueos Solution and in Systems with Secondary and Tertiary Radicals Studied by Novel Pulsed Laser Techniques written by Pascal Hesse and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008-08-08 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Rate coefficients of propagation, kp, of termination, kt, and of intramolecular transfer-to-polymer, kbb, have been studied via pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP) methods for systems with strong intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, and for polymerizations with two types of distinctly different radicals being present. The propagation kinetics of methacrylic acid (MAA) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) in aqueous solution has been investigated by the PLP-SEC technique which combines PLP-initiation with subsequent analysis of the produced polymer by size-exclusion chromatography. The experimental conditions of monomer concentration, temperature, pressure and degree of monomer ionization have been varied in wide ranges. The dependence of kp on monomer-to-polymer conversion has been determined from PLP-SEC experiments with pre-mixed polymer. The variation of kp may be adequately explained by the interaction of solvent and monomer molecules with the transition state structure for propagation. The termination rate coefficients of MAA and NVP have been studied by the SP PLP NIR method in which the change in monomer concentration after single pulse (SP) initiation is monitored via s time-resolved near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). The variations of kt with conversion for different initial monomer concentrations reflect the diffusion-controlled character of the termination step with kt being governed by segmental, translational, and reaction diffusion. In acrylate polymerization backbiting reactions may occur by which chain-end secondary propagating radicals (SPR) are transformed into tertiary midchain radicals (MCR) via 1,5-hydrogen shift. MCRs can react back to SPRs by monomer addition. The basic kinetic scheme has to be extended for additional reactions steps, as SPR and MCR species show widely different kp and kt, respectively. The impact of MCR formation on the applicability of the experimental techniques for kp and kt determination, i.e. PLP-SEC and SP-PLP-NIR, was investigated by PREDICI simulations. A novel experimental method has been developed by which kbb and the rate coefficient for monomer addition to the MCR, kpt, for butyl acrylate (BA) have been determined from PLP-SEC experiments carried out under extended variation of laser pulse repetition rates. Insights into the kinetics, especially of the termination reactivity of secondary and tertiary acrylate radicals, have been obtained by measurements of full electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra under stationary UV and pseudo-stationary PLP initiation, respectively, or by time-resolved monitoring of SPR and MCR concentrations after application of a laser single pulse (SP-PLP-ESR). By the latter technique also chain-length-dependent individual kt values are accessible. For acrylic acid (AA) polymerization in aqueous solution, the complexities associated with strong solvent effects on the rate coefficients and with the pronounced MCR build-up add to each other. Attempts were made to consider the resulting consequences for the kinetic data of AA polymerization in aqueous solution published so far.

Download or read book Monitoring Polymerization Reactions written by Wayne F. Reed and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers new strategies to optimize polymer reactions With contributions from leading macromolecular scientists and engineers, this book provides a practical guide to polymerization monitoring. It enables laboratory researchers to optimize polymer reactions by providing them with a better understanding of the underlying reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Moreover, it opens the door to improved industrial-scale reactions, including enhanced product quality and reduced harmful emissions. Monitoring Polymerization Reactions begins with a review of the basic elements of polymer reactions and their kinetics, including an overview of stimuli-responsive polymers. Next, it explains why certain polymer and reaction characteristics need to be monitored. The book then explores a variety of practical topics, including: Principles and applications of important polymer characterization tools, such as light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, calorimetry, rheology, and spectroscopy Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization (ACOMP) reactions, a flexible platform that enables characterization tools to be employed simultaneously during reactions in order to obtain a complete record of multiple reaction features Modeling of polymerization reactions and numerical approaches Applications that optimize the manufacture of industrially important polymers Throughout the book, the authors provide step-by-step strategies for implementation. In addition, ample use of case studies helps readers understand the benefits of various monitoring strategies and approaches, enabling them to choose the best one to match their needs. As new stimuli-responsive and "intelligent" polymers continue to be developed, the ability to monitor reactions will become increasingly important. With this book as their guide, polymer scientists and engineers can take full advantage of the latest monitoring strategies to optimize reactions in both the lab and the manufacturing plant.

Download or read book Laboratory Manual of Microbiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology written by J. Saxena and published by Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though many practical books are available in the market but this Laboratory Manual of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is an unique combination of protocols that covers maximum (about 80%) of the practicals of various Indian universities for UG and PG courses in Bioscience, Biotechnology, Microbiology, Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering.

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry in Polymer Chemistry written by Christopher Barner-Kowollik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining an up-to-date insight into mass-spectrometric polymer analysis beyond MALDI with application details of the instrumentation, this is a balanced and thorough presentation of the most important and widely used mass-spectrometric methods. Written by the world's most proficient experts in the field, the book focuses on the latest developments, covering such technologies and applications as ionization protocols, tandem and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, gas-phase ion-separation techniques and automated data processing. Chapters on sample preparation, polymer degradation and the usage of mass-spectrometric tools on an industrial scale round off the book. As a result, both entrants to the field and experienced researchers are able to choose the appropriate methods and instrumentations -- and to assess their respective strengths and limitations -- for the characterization of polymer compounds.

Download or read book The Redox Polymerization of Acrylamide and Methacrylamide in an Adiabatic System written by Fred Robert Naider and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Kinetics of Free Radical Polymerization written by Alastair M. North and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1966 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Micro Total Analysis Systems 2000 written by Albert van den Berg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the fourth international symposium on Micro Total Analysis Systems (muTAS 2000). Cutting-edge research of all invited and contributed papers presented by the world’s leading muTAS groups provides the state of the art of this electrifying, multidisciplinary field.

Download or read book Introduction to Biophysical Methods for Protein and Nucleic Acid Research written by Jay A. Glasel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1995-11-20 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of its kind, Introduction to Biophysical Methods for Protein and Nucleic Acid Research serves as a text for the experienced researcher and student requiring an introduction to the field. Each chapter presents a description of the physical basis of the method, the type of information that may be obtained with the method, how data should be analyzed and interpreted and, where appropriate, practical tips about procedures and equipment. Key Features* Modern Use of Mass Spectroscopy* NMR Spectroscopy* Molecular Modeling and Graphics* Macintosh and DOS/Windows 3.x disks

Download or read book The Free Radical Polymerization of Acrylamide written by Shane Anthony Seabrook and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polysaccharide Based Graft Copolymers written by Susheel Kalia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renowned experts give all essential aspects of the techniques and applications of graft copolymers based on polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are the most abundant natural organic materials and polysaccharide based graft copolymers are of great importance and widely used in various fields. Natural polysaccharides have recently received more attention due to their advantages over synthetic polymers by being non-toxic, biodegradable and available at low cost. Modification of polysaccharides through graft copolymerization improves the properties of polysaccharides. Grafting is known to improve the characteristic properties of the backbones. Such properties include water repellency, thermal stability, flame resistance, dye-ability and resistance towards acid-base attack and abrasion. Polysaccharides and their graft copolymers find extensive applications in diversified fields. Applications of modified polysaccharides include drug delivery devices, controlled release of fungicides, selective water absorption from oil-water emulsions, purification of water etc.