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Book Characterization of Explosives Processing Waste Decomposition Due to Composting  Phase 1

Download or read book Characterization of Explosives Processing Waste Decomposition Due to Composting Phase 1 written by W. H. Griest and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explosives-contaminated (primary TNT, RDX, and HMX) sediments composted under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions at the Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant were subjected to regulatory leaching (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and Synthetic Precipitation Leach Test) and organic solvent extraction followed by chemical characterization and toxicity tests. Chemical characterization included EPA Contract Laboratory Program Target compound list volatile and semivolatile organics, PCBs, pesticides, metals, and also explosive compounds and TNT metabolites. The toxicity testing utilized (Ceriodaphnia dubia, fathead minnow larvae, and the Ames test, Regulatory compounds were not detected at significant concentrations in the leachates or extracts and the main constituents found were TNT, HMX, RDX, and two monoamino dinitrotoluenes at low to sub-ppm levels. Low toxicity was detected in the aqueous leachates, with the leachate from the mesophilic compost being more toxic. Particles recovered from the leachates had only low extractable toxicity. Considerably higher toxicity was found in the organic solvent extracts, because of lesser dilution than the regulatory leachates. Comparison of toxicity calculated per g of compost extracted or leached did not reveal any substantial toxicity in the compost which was not liberated by the regulatory leaching procedure, but the high dilutions (100g compost per 2L of leachate) considerably reduced the sensitivity of the Ames test unless the leachates were concentrated 100-fold. (JES).

Book Characterization of Explosives Processing Waste Decomposition Due to Composting  Final Report

Download or read book Characterization of Explosives Processing Waste Decomposition Due to Composting Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work was to provide data and methodology assisting the transfer and acceptance of composting technology for the remediation of explosives-contaminated soils and sediments. Issues and activities addressed included: (a) chemical and toxicological characterization of compost samples from new field composting experiments, and the environmental availability of composting efficiency by isolation of bacterial consortia and natural surfactants from highly efficient composts, and (c) improved assessment of compost product suitability for land application.

Book Characterization of Explosives Processing Waste Decomposition Due to Composting  Phase 2

Download or read book Characterization of Explosives Processing Waste Decomposition Due to Composting Phase 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Static pile and mechanically stirred composts generated at the Umatilla Army Depot Activity in a field composting optimization study were chemically and toxicologically characterized to provide data for the evaluation of composting efficiency to decontaminate and detoxify explosives-contaminated soil. Characterization included determination of explosives and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolites in composts and their EPA Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure Leachates, leachate toxicity to Ceriodaphnia Dubia and mutagenicity of the leachates and organic solvent extracts of the composts to Ames bacterial strains TA-98 and TA-100. The main conclusion from this study is that composting can effectively reduce the concentrations of explosives and bacterial mutagenicity in explosives-contaminated soil, and can reduce the aquatic toxicity of leachable compounds. Small levels of explosives and metabolites, bacterial mutagenicity, and leacable aquatic toxicity remain after composting. The ultimate fate of the biotransformed explosives, and the source(s) of residual toxicity and mutagenicity remain unknown.

Book Characterization of Explosives Processing Waste Decomposition Due to Composting  Phase 2  Final Report

Download or read book Characterization of Explosives Processing Waste Decomposition Due to Composting Phase 2 Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Static pile and mechanically stirred composts generated at the Umatilla Army Depot Activity in a field composting optimization study were chemically and toxicologically characterized to provide data for the evaluation of composting efficiency to decontaminate and detoxify explosives-contaminated soil. Characterization included determination of explosives and 2,4,6,-trinitrotoluene metabolites in composts and their EPA Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure Leachates, leachate toxicity to Ceriodaphnia Dubia and mutagenicity of the leachates and organic solvent extracts of the composts to Ames bacterial strains TA-98 and TA-100. The main conclusion from this study is that composting can effectively reduce the concentrations of explosives and bacterial mutagenicity in explosives -- contaminated soil, and can reduce the aquatic toxicity of leachable compounds. Small levels of explosive and metabolites, bacterial mutagenicity, and leachable aquatic toxicity remain after composting. The ultimate fate of the biotransformed explosives, and the source(s) of residual toxicity and mutagenicity remain unknown.

Book Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste

Download or read book Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste written by Robert Noyes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms. Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations. The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher. However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are: 1. Chemical weapons destruction 2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons 3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extraction This book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.

Book The Science of Composting

Download or read book The Science of Composting written by Eliot Epstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FROM THE PREFACE The main objective of composting is to transform organic materials into a stable usable product. Often organic materials which may have limited beneficial use in their raw state or have regulatory disposal constraints can be transformed by composting into marketable products. The limits on beneficial reuse may be regulations or they may be due to the potential for materials to be putrescible or pathogenic. Composting can be a solution for each of these. The implementation of composting on a large scale (in contrast to home or backyard composting) involves materials handling. Technological implementation of composting must be consistent with the biological demand of the system. If the biological system is violated, conditions will not be optimized for composting, and problems such as odor generation, insufficient aeration or moisture, or a combination of these conditions may result. Past problems and closure of facilities have been largely due to violations of the biological systems. Product quality with respect to particle size, inclusions, moisture content and other physical aspects are a function of engineering design. A well designed system must have the biological and engineering principles in harmony at all times.

Book Energy Research Abstracts

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues

Download or read book Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues written by Shree Nath Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-04 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial degradation, Phytoremediation, Remediation, Explosive residues, Biotransformation, Mineralization, Degradative Enzymes, Degradation Pathways, Energetics, Soil contamination, Water contamination.

Book Biodegradation Technology Developments

Download or read book Biodegradation Technology Developments written by Robert L. Irvine and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-12-09 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FROM THE INTRODUCTION This three-volume series, Bioremediation: Principles and Practice, provides state of the art description of advances in pollution treatment and reduction using biological means; identify and address, at a fundamental level, broad scientific and technological areas that are unique to the subject or theme and that must be understood if advances are to be made; and provide a comprehensive overview of new developments at the regulatory, desk-top, bench-scale, pilot scale, and full-scale levels. The series covers all media-air, water, and soil/sediment-and blends the talents, knowledge, and know-how of academic, industrial, governmental, and international contributors. The series addresses the removal of both hazardous and nonhazardous contaminants from the liquid, solid, and gas phase using biological processes. This includes the biological treatment of wastes of municipal and industrial origin; bioremediation of leachates, soils, and sediments; and biofiltration for contaminated gases.

Book Science and Engineering of Composting

Download or read book Science and Engineering of Composting written by Harry A. J. Hoitink and published by Renaissance Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part I: Composting process: microbiology, engineering, systems and infrastructure; Part II: odor prevention and control: prevention and treatment; Part III: Pathogen destruction: worker and neighborhood impacts; Part IV: Biodegradation of organic pollutants during composting: pesticides, macromolecules and safety assessment; Part V: Heavy metals in composts: general considerations; Part VI: Compost maturity and stability; Part VII: Beneficial effects induced by composts; Part VIII: Economic considerations.

Book Hazardous Waste Remediation

Download or read book Hazardous Waste Remediation written by Harry Freeman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-10-18 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains information of interest to those charged with selecting remediation processes for cleaning up hazardous waste from abandoned disposal sites. The individual chapters provide technology descriptions and a wealth of appropriate technical data for many specific technologies being proposed today or containing and treating wastes in, around, and under abandoned sites.