Download or read book Characterization of Exhaust Emission Particulate Matter by Transmission Electron Microscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health effects of PM are of intense interest TEM characterization well suited to provide information on individual particles--morphology--Elemental composition--Crystal structure Comparisons between spark ignition PM and diesel PM.
Download or read book Particulate Matter written by Dr R L Maynard and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a rapidly expanding and highly topical research area. Written by authors and editors who are well known and respected in their fields, this text looks at the health effects caused by particulate aerosols, and discusses recent legislation and future strategies.
Download or read book Characterization of the Effects of Re suspension Technique on Particulate Matter Morphology Through the Use of Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Amber Rose Hottes and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Examination and Characterization of Particulate Air Pollutants with Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Terry Lynn Shirley and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particulate Matter Analysis by Electron Microscopy written by Steven B. Hayward and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolution and Current Understanding of Physicochemical Characterization of Particulate Matter from Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion on a Multicylinder Light duty Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature compression ignition combustion can result in nearly smokeless combustion, as indicated by a smoke meter or other forms of soot measurement that rely on absorbance due to elemental carbon content. Highly premixed low-temperature combustion modes do not form particulate matter in the traditional pathways seen with conventional diesel combustion. Previous research into reactivity controlled compression ignition particulate matter has shown, despite a near zero smoke number, significant mass can be collected on filter media used for particulate matter certification measurement. In addition, particulate matter size distributions reveal that a fraction of the particles survive heated double-dilution conditions. This paper summarizes research completed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to date on characterizing the nature, chemistry and aftertreatment considerations of reactivity controlled compression ignition particulate matter and presents new research highlighting the importance of injection strategy and fuel composition on reactivity controlled compression ignition particulate matter formation. Particle size measurements and the transmission electron microscopy results do show the presence of soot particles; however, the elemental carbon fraction was, in many cases, within the uncertainty of the thermal-optical measurement. Particulate matter emitted during reactivity controlled compression ignition operation was also collected with a novel sampling technique and analyzed by thermal desorption or pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Particulate matter speciation results indicated that the high boiling range of diesel hydrocarbons was likely responsible for the particulate matter mass captured on the filter media. Finally, to investigate potential fuel chemistry effects, either ethanol or biodiesel were incorporated to assess whether oxygenated fuels may enhance particle emission reduction.
Download or read book Particulate Matter written by Dr R L Maynard and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a rapidly expanding and highly topical research area. Written by authors and editors who are well known and respected in their fields, this text looks at the health effects caused by particulate aerosols, and discusses recent legislation and future strategies.
Download or read book Non Exhaust Emissions written by Fulvio Amato and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Exhaust Emissions: An Urban Air Quality Problem for Public Health comprehensively summarizes the most recent research in the field, also giving guidance on research gaps and future needs to evaluate the health impact and possible remediation of non-exhaust particle emissions. With contributions from some of the major experts and stakeholders in air quality, this book comprehensively defines the state-of-the-art of current knowledge, gaps and future needs for a better understanding of particulate matter (PM) emissions, from non-exhaust sources of road traffic to improve public health. PM is a heterogeneous mix of chemical elements and sources, with road traffic being the major source in large cities. A significant part of these emissions come from non-exhaust processes, such as brake, tire, road wear, and road dust resuspension. While motor exhaust emissions have been successfully reduced by means of regulation, non-exhaust emissions are currently uncontrolled and their importance is destined to increase and become the dominant urban source of particle matter by 2020. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the non-exhaust emissions is still limited. This is an essential book to researchers and advanced students from a broad range of disciplines, such as public health, toxicology, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry, epidemiology, built environment, road and vehicle engineering, and city planning. In addition, European and local authorities responsible for air quality and those in the industrial sectors related to vehicle and brake manufacturing and technological remediation measures will also find the book valuable. Acts as the first book to explore the health impacts of non-exhaust emissions Authored by experts from several sectors, including academia, industry and policy Gathers the relevant body of literature and information, defining the current knowledge, gaps and future needs
Download or read book Diesel Particulate Emissions Landmark Research 1994 2001 written by John H Johnson and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2002-02-20 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for manufacturers to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mobile source diesel emissions standards for on-highway light duty and heavy duty vehicles has been the driving force for the control of diesel particulate and NOx emissions reductions. Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research 1994-2001 contains the latest research and development findings that will help guide engineers to achieve low particulate emissions from future engines. Based on extensive SAE literature from the past seven years, the 45 papers in this book have been selected from the SAE Transactions Journals.
Download or read book Ambient Air Determination of Numerical Concentration of Inorganic Fibrous Particles Scanning Electron Microscopy Method written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air, Quality, Air pollution, Mineral fibres, Fibres, Asbestos, Gypsum, Determination of content, Particulate air pollutants, Particle size distribution, Concentration (chemical), Electron microscopes, Microscopic analysis, X-ray analysis
Download or read book Particulate Emissions from Vehicles written by Peter Eastwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public health risks posed by automotive particulate emissions are well known. Such particles are sufficiently small to reach the deepest regions of the lungs; and moreover act as carriers for many potentially toxic substances. Historically, diesel engines have been singled out in this regard, but recent research shows the need to consider particulate emissions from gasoline engines as well. Already implicated in more than one respiratory disease, the strongest evidence in recent times points to particle-mediated cardiovascular disorders (strokes and heart attacks). Accordingly, legislation limiting particulate emissions is becoming increasingly stringent, placing great pressure on the automotive industry to produce cleaner vehicles - pressure only heightened by the ever-increasing number of cars on our roads. Particulate Emissions from Vehicles addresses a field of increased international interest and research activity; discusses the impact of new legislation globally on the automotive industry; and explains new ways of measuring particle size, number and composition that are currently under development. The expert analysis and summary of the state-of-the-art, which encompasses the key areas of combustion performance, measurement techniques and toxicology, will appeal to R&D practitioners and engineers working in the automotive industry and related mechanical fields, as well as postgraduate students and researchers of engine technology, air pollution and life/ environmental science. The public health aspects will also appeal to the biomedical research community.
Download or read book Particulate Matter Mass Measurement and Physical Characterization written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microscopy Investigations of Ash and Particulate Matter Accumulation in Diesel Particulate Filter Surface Pores written by Daniel P. Beauboeuf and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been increased focus on the environmental impact of automobile emissions in recent years. These environmental concerns have resulted in the creation of more stringent particulate matter emissions regulations in the United States and European Union. These limits have forced diesel engine manufacturers to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions by an order of magnitude beginning in 2007. Diesel particulate filters (DPF) provide the most effective means of reducing PM emissions from diesel exhaust. DPFs can reduce over 99% of PM in the exhaust. DPF effectiveness is limited by the accumulation of ash. Ash is comprised of incombustible material from engine lubricants. Engine oil additives based on P, Zn, S, Ca, and Mg are responsible for the majority of ash. Ash accumulation in DPFs reduces their useful life by plugging the filter's inlet channels. Ash deposition leads to increased pressure drop across the DPF, which reduces the engine's performance and negatively impacts fuel economy. The process of ash accumulation in DPF channels is not well understood. This research is focused on exploring the ash interactions with DPF walls, pores, and the catalyst washcoat. Based on scanning electron microscopy analysis of ash loaded DPFs from the field and from filters loaded with ash in the laboratory, a mechanism for ash accumulation is presented.
Download or read book Non exhaust Particulate Emissions from Road Transport An Ignored Environmental Policy Challenge written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-exhaust emissions of particulate matter constitute a little-known but rising share of emissions from road traffic and have significant negative impacts on public health. This report synthesizes the current state of knowledge about the nature, causes, and consequences of non-exhaust particulate emissions. It also projects how particulate matter emissions from non-exhaust sources may evolve in future years and reflects on policy instrument mixes that can address this largely ignored environmental issue.
Download or read book Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-08-23 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soldiers deployed during the 1991 Persian Gulf War were exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and other airborne pollutants. Their exposures were largely the result of daily windblown dust, dust storms, and smoke from oil fires. On returning from deployment, many veterans complained of persistent respiratory symptoms. With the renewed activity in the Middle East over the last few years, deployed military personnel are again exposed to dust storms and daily windblown dust in addition to other types of PM, such as diesel exhaust and particles from open-pit burning. On the basis of the high concentrations observed and concerns about the potential health effects, DOD designed and implemented a study to characterize and quantify the PM in the ambient environment at 15 sites in the Middle East. The endeavor is known as the DOD Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program (EPMSP). The U.S. Army asked the National Research Council to review the EPMSP report. In response, the present evaluation considers the potential acute and chronic health implications on the basis of information presented in the report. It also considers epidemiologic and health-surveillance data collected by the USACHPPM, to assess potential health implications for deployed personnel, and recommends methods for reducing or characterizing health risks.
Download or read book Advanced Fine Particulate Characterization Methods written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characterization and control of emissions from combustion sources are of significant importance in improving local and regional air quality. Such emissions include fine particulate matter, organic carbon compounds, and NO(subscript x) and SO2 gases, along with mercury and other toxic metals. This project involved four activities including Further Development of Analytical Techniques for PM10 and PM{sub 2.5} Characterization and Source Apportionment and Management, Organic Carbonaceous Particulate and Metal Speciation for Source Apportionment Studies, Quantum Modeling, and High-Potassium Carbon Production with Biomass-Coal Blending. The key accomplishments included the development of improved automated methods to characterize the inorganic and organic components particulate matter. The methods involved the use of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis for the inorganic fraction and a combination of extractive methods combined with near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure to characterize the organic fraction. These methods have direction application for source apportionment studies of PM because they provide detailed inorganic analysis along with total organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC) quantification. Quantum modeling using density functional theory (DFT) calculations was used to further elucidate a recently developed mechanistic model for mercury speciation in coal combustion systems and interactions on activated carbon. Reaction energies, enthalpies, free energies and binding energies of Hg species to the prototype molecules were derived from the data obtained in these calculations. Bimolecular rate constants for the various elementary steps in the mechanism have been estimated using the hard-sphere collision theory approximation, and the results seem to indicate that extremely fast kinetics could be involved in these surface reactions. Activated carbon was produced from a blend of lignite coal from the Center Mine in North Dakota and sunflower hulls for the biomass material to be carbonized. The ability to remove mercury from a bituminous coal's derived flue gas was low. Removals of only 15% were attained while injecting 6 lb/Macf of activated carbon upstream of an electrostatic precipitator. Poisoning of sites on the activated carbon by SO2 and SO3 contributed to the poor mercury capture performance.
