Download or read book Characterization of Bedrock Secondary Porosity Using Multi frequency Oscillatory Flow Interference Testing written by Frances Claire Sayler and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterizing Bedrock Fracture Flow Properties Through Multi frequency Oscillatory Flow Interference Testing written by Jeremy R. Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractured sedimentary bedrock aquifers represent critical groundwater resources that provide significant domestic and agricultural water supplies as well as idealized targets for wastewater storage and alternative energy development. The complex flow pathways occurring within fractured bedrock has led to flow and transport phenomena that are critical to understand, yet difficult to predict, highlighting the necessity of moving beyond traditional porous media approaches to modeling bedrock fracture flow and transport. Characterizing the physical properties that govern fluid flow and storage in bedrock fractures represents a critical first step in developing the next generation of models that capture these complex hydraulic processes. Recent field and modeling studies highlight oscillatory flow interference testing as a novel pressure-based approach to characterize the hydraulic properties of bedrock fractures, and found that the returned effective hydraulic parameters show an apparent period-dependence when using simplified modeling approaches. In this dissertation, I use a combination of field and numerical modeling experiments to investigate a range of potential mechanisms - such as heterogeneity, fracture-host rock fluid exchange, and fracture hydromechanics - that might be contributing to this apparent period-dependence. Chapter 2 describes a novel gradient-based inversion strategy to determine effective aquifer flow properties and provides uncertainty estimates in returned parameters. This analysis shows that a multi-frequency inversion approach provides additional information that helps constrain the inversion and reduces parameter uncertainty estimates. Chapter 3 describes 209 oscillatory flow experiments conducted at a fractured sedimentary bedrock site near Madison, Wisconsin. Using simplified analytical modeling approaches, this analysis shows an apparent period-dependence in the collected field data, and indicates non-Darcian flow, borehole storage, and fracture leakance do not contribute to the apparent period dependence at our field site. Chapter 4 presents a comprehensive numerical modeling study that systematically explores fracture aperture heterogeneity, fracture-host rock fluid exchange, and fracture hydromechanical behavior to explain the apparent period-dependence. This analysis shows that fracture hydromechanical behavior is the only investigated mechanism that consistently reproduces the previously reported period-dependent parameter trends in direction and magnitudes of change, though other explored mechanisms produce period-dependent trends that could represent helpful diagnostic criteria of processes occurring at a specific site. Overall, the results of this dissertation highlight the need to develop more complex numerical modeling approaches that account for complex fracture hydraulics when characterizing fractured bedrock aquifer systems.
Download or read book Utilization of the Square Array Earth Resistivity Method for Characterizing Anisotropy in Fractured Sedimentary Rock written by David Yoxtheimer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractured bedrock aquifers are key sources of potable groundwater globally. Therefore it is important to characterize the presence and orientations of subsurface fractures that impact groundwater flow in order to develop, manage and protect these critical water resources. A significant challenge in characterizing groundwater flow in a fractured bedrock aquifer is determining if anisotropic conditions exist. The square array method provides a means to estimate geo-electrical anisotropy, which can be useful when conducting hydrogeologic investigations including mapping fracture orientations, siting water supply wells, conducting source water protection programs, or mapping contaminant plumes. However, this method has not been previously tested to characterize the hydrogeology of folded and fractured carbonate bedrock overlain by conductive layers of soil and epikarst, nor for characterizing shale formations. In this study, the square array method is used to measure the change in electrical resistivity of the subsurface with respect to azimuth at six locations in the Cambrio-Ordovician carbonate bedrock aquifer of Spring Creek watershed and the shale formation underlying the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHCZO), both located within the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province of central Pennsylvania. The carbonate bedrock aquifer is mantled with residual soils consisting primarily of silt and clay loams of variable thickness (0 to greater than 10 meters) below which occurs an epikarst system that plays a significant role in shallow groundwater flow. The square array is used to characterize the carbonate aquifers bedrock strike- and fracture-related anisotropy and provide estimates of secondary porosity. The results show that the square array apparent resistivity data correlates well with known bedrock structure, in particular the resistivity minima for the deeper measurements (40- and 50-meter a-spacings) are coincident with the northeast-southwest orientation of bedrock strike and/or mapped fractures, where present. In addition, estimates of secondary porosity from the square arrays 40- and 50-meter a-spacings (range of 0.7-4.4% with a mean of 3.1%) generally compare favorably to independent estimates of bedrock structure and secondary porosity from outcrop measurements and groundwater level/streamflow recession data (1-5%). The results of this study demonstrate that the square array method can be used effectively in complex, fractured carbonate bedrock settings to characterize bedrock anisotropy and secondary porosity, which were field-validated based on bedrock outcrop structure and fracture geometry measurements. Previous square array studies have detected anisotropy and estimated secondary porosity in both carbonate and crystalline bedrock, however this research further validates the method by comparing field measurements to the square array data, and thus advances the methods application. Geo-electrical anisotropy associated with inclined bedding planes and fractures in bedrock is often not factored into apparent resistivity results, much less data inversion, which can lead to misleading model results. In particular, the paradox of anisotropy occurs where collinear resistivity data are collected in areas with inclined bedding planes or fractures and longitudinal apparent resistivity is greater than transverse apparent resistivity, which is the converse of when true resistivity values are considered. The SSHCZO study expands critical zone research by evaluating the effects of anisotropy on earth resistivity measurements in a fractured shale bedrock setting using both square and Wenner arrays. The square array can be used to determine the magnitude and orientation of anisotropy, as it is not subject to the paradox of anisotropy, whereas collinear arrays are, including the Wenner array. In fractured shale bedrock the anisotropy effects can be significant, including the paradox of anisotropy, which can lead to significantly inaccurate models if not factored into the input data. In this study the square array was used to evaluate site anisotropy at variable depths, including through the soils and bedrock profile, including fractured, weathered and unweathered bedrock intervals. The square arrays anisotropy coefficient was then factored into apparent resistivity data from strike parallel and perpendicular 2-D Wenner arrays to correct for the paradox of anisotropy. The corrected 2-D resistivity data were then inverted to obtain model results where longitudinal resistivity values were lower than transverse resistivity values, as would be expected. In addition, a series of ten parallel 2-D Wenner arrays were run and used to create pseudo 3-D models of the sites resistivity distribution using anisotropy corrections from the square array data for comparison to 3-D models without this correction. This sequence of steps resulted in a 3-D resistivity model that provided useful insights into shallow groundwater interflow at the SSHCZO site. Ultimately this study provides a method that can be applied to geophysically characterize the groundwater flow mechanisms in the critical zone and allow investigators to design subsurface monitoring programs to further advance hydrologic and hydrogeologic research. The combined results of these studies show the square array can be utilized in fractured carbonate and shale bedrock settings to ascertain geo-electrical anisotropy, which correlates well to bedrock and fracture strike. For the fractured carbonate aquifer the square array was validated to provide reasonable estimates of secondary porosity based on both outcrop fracture measurements and groundwater level recession analysis. In the shale bedrock setting, the square array provided a useful correction factor for the coefficient of anisotropy in 2-D collinear resistivity arrays, which then yielded useful insights into shallow groundwater flow conditions via 3-D modeling developed from the corrected 2-D resistivity arrays.
Download or read book Geophysics for the Mineral Exploration Geoscientist written by Michael Dentith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a balance between principles and practice, this state-of-the-art overview of geophysical methods takes readers from the basic physical phenomena, through the acquisition and processing of data, to the creation of geological models of the subsurface and data interpretation to find hidden mineral deposits. Detailed descriptions of all the commonly used geophysical methods are given, including gravity, magnetic, radiometric, electrical, electromagnetic and seismic methods. Each technique is described in a consistent way and without complex mathematics. Emphasising extraction of maximum geological information from geophysical data, the book also explains petrophysics, data modelling and common interpretation pitfalls. Packed with full-colour figures, also available online, the text is supported by selected examples from around the world, including all the major deposit types. Designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in minerals geoscience, this is also a valuable reference for professionals in the mining industry wishing to make greater use of geophysical methods. In 2015, Dentith and Mudge won the ASEG Lindsay Ingall Memorial Award for their combined effort in promoting geophysics to the wider community with the publication of this title.
Download or read book Karst Aquifers Characterization and Engineering written by Zoran Stevanović and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical training guidebook makes an important contribution to karst hydrogeology. It presents supporting material for academic courses worldwide that include this and similar topics. It is an excellent sourcebook for students and other attendees of the International Karst School: Characterization and Engineering of Karst Aquifers, which opened in Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina in 2014 and which will be organized every year in early summer. As opposed to more theoretical works, this is a catalog of possible engineering interventions in karst and their implications. Although the majority of readers will be professionals with geology/hydrogeology backgrounds, the language is not purely technical making it accessible to a wider audience. This means that the methodology, case studies and experiences presented will also benefit water managers working in karst environments.
Download or read book Field Techniques for Estimating Water Fluxes Between Surface Water and Ground Water written by Donald O. Rosenberry and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the use and development of our Nation's surface - and ground-water resources has increased significantly during the past 50 years. This work discusses field techniques for estimating water fluxes.
Download or read book Analysis and Evaluation of Pumping Test Data written by G. P. Kruseman and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Near Surface Applied Geophysics written by Mark E. Everett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just a few meters below the Earth's surface lie features of great importance, from geological faults which can produce devastating earthquakes, to lost archaeological treasures. This refreshing, up-to-date book explores the foundations of interpretation theory and the latest developments in near-surface techniques, used to complement traditional geophysical methods for deep-exploration targets. Clear but rigorous, the book explains theory and practice in simple physical terms, supported by intermediate-level mathematics. Techniques covered include magnetics, resistivity, seismic reflection and refraction, surface waves, induced polarization, self-potential, electromagnetic induction, ground-penetrating radar, magnetic resonance, interferometry, seismoelectric and more. Sections on data analysis and inverse theory are provided and chapters are illustrated by case studies, giving students and professionals the tools to plan, conduct and analyze a near-surface geophysical survey. This is an important textbook for advanced-undergraduate and graduate students in geophysics and a valuable reference for practising geophysicists, geologists, hydrologists, archaeologists, and civil and geotechnical engineers.
Download or read book Volcanism and Tectonism in the Columbia River Flood basalt Province written by Stephen P. Reidel and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1989 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis and Evaluation of Pumping Test Data written by G. P. Kruseman and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ground Water in Hard Rocks written by Ingemar Larsson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current manuals and technical books on ground water hydrology contain relatively little specific information on ground water in hard rocks areas, that is mainly igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian shield areas. This work is intented to fill this gap and to inform of the possibilities of finding and developing water resources in hard rocks areas
Download or read book Principles of Environmental Physics written by John Monteith and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1990-02-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and up-dated edition of a highly successful textbook.
Download or read book Scour and Erosion written by Susan Burns and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 1152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Quality Assessments written by Deborah V Chapman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-08-22 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidebook, now thoroughly updated and revised in its second edition, gives comprehensive advice on the designing and setting up of monitoring programmes for the purpose of providing valid data for water quality assessments in all types of freshwater bodies. It is clearly and concisely written in order to provide the essential information for all agencies and individuals responsible for the water quality.
Download or read book Ground Penetrating Radar Theory and Applications written by Harry M. Jol and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-12-08 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a rapidly developing field that has seen tremendous progress over the past 15 years. The development of GPR spans aspects of geophysical science, technology, and a wide range of scientific and engineering applications. It is the breadth of applications that has made GPR such a valuable tool in the geophysical consulting and geotechnical engineering industries, has lead to its rapid development, and inspired new areas of research in academia. The topic of GPR has gone from not even being mentioned in geophysical texts ten years ago to being the focus of hundreds of research papers and special issues of journals dedicated to the topic. The explosion of primary literature devoted to GPR technology, theory and applications, has lead to a strong demand for an up-to-date synthesis and overview of this rapidly developing field. Because there are specifics in the utilization of GPR for different applications, a review of the current state of development of the applications along with the fundamental theory is required. This book will provide sufficient detail to allow both practitioners and newcomers to the area of GPR to use it as a handbook and primary research reference.*Review of GPR theory and applications by leaders in the field*Up-to-date information and references*Effective handbook and primary research reference for both experienced practitioners and newcomers
Download or read book Soil Quality Test Kit Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Groundwater around the World written by Jean Margat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unique and up-to-date summary of what is known about groundwater on our planet, from a global perspective and in terms of area-specific factual information. Unlike most textbooks on groundwater, it does not deal with theoretical principles, but rather with the overall picture that emerges as a result of countless observations,
