Download or read book Characterization of Apical basal Polarity as a Tumor Suppressive Mechanism written by Rachel Catterall and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The majority of human cancers originate in epithelial tissue. Normal epithelial tissue is highly organized and maintains apical-basal polarity to establish different signaling compartments at the cellular membrane and polarity within the cell, including in the cortex and distribution of organelles. This organization is often lost in cancers, leading to disrupted control of cell processes including proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and motility. In this project, I first sought to understand polarity status of invasive carcinomas, using breast cancer as a model. To investigate the cell polarity statuses of invasive breast cancers, we performed multiplex imaging of polarity markers on tissue samples from patients with a spectrum of grades, stages, and molecular subtypes. Apical-basal cell polarity was lost in 100% of cells in all cases studied, indicating that loss of epithelial polarity is a universal feature of invasive breast cancer. I then analyzed genomic events from the TCGA dataset for an 18-gene set of core polarity genes. Our data indicate that apical and basal polarity proteins are more often amplified than deleted and that genomic events likely contribute to pervasive disruption of epithelial polarity observed in invasive breast cancer. Having established a disrupted apical domain as a feature of breast carcinoma, we next explored apical-basal polarity as a tumor suppressive mechanism. To do this, we induced apical-basal polarization in human adenocarcinoma CaCo-2 cells expressing oncogenic KRASG12V by overexpressing CD13, a protein involved in early apical membrane specialization. CD13 expression was sufficient to re-establish apical-basal polarity and revert KRASG12V-expressing spheroids from a solid, malignant phenotype to a single layer of cells surrounding a hollow lumen. We demonstrate that following induction of polarization, the lumen is cleared through JNK-mediated apoptosis. RNA-seq data indicates that re-polarization induced by CD13 overexpression alters a subset of pathways regulated by KRASG12V, including apoptosis-related genes. These findings reveal unexpected epithelial plasticity maintained in malignant cells. Overall, this thesis provides data supporting apical-basal polarity is a tumor suppressive feature of epithelial cells that must be suppressed during tumorigenesis"--

Download or read book Epithelial Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Metastasis written by Mohit Kumar Jolly and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have highlighted that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not only about cell migration and invasion, but it can also govern many other important elements such as immunosuppression, metabolic reprogramming, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), stem cell properties, therapy resistance, and tumor microenvironment interactions. With the on-going debate about the requirement of EMT for cancer metastasis, an emerging focus on intermediate states of EMT and its reverse process mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) offer new ideas for metastatic requirements and the dynamics of EMT/MET during the entire metastatic cascade. Therefore, we would like to initiate discussions on viewing EMT and its downstream signaling networks as a fulcrum of cellular plasticity, and a facilitator of the adaptive responses of cancer cells to distant organ microenvironments and various therapeutic assaults. We hereby invite scientists who have prominently contributed to this field, and whose valuable insights have led to the appreciation of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity as a more comprehensive mediator of the adaptive response of cancer cells, with huge implications in metastasis, drug resistance, tumor relapse, and patient survival.

Download or read book Signal Transduction in Cancer written by David A. Frank and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-12-31 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most exciting areas of cancer research now is the development of agents which can target signal transduction pathways that are activated inappropriately in malignant cells. The understanding of the molecular abnormalities which distinguish malignant cells from their normal counterparts has grown tremendously. This volume summarizes the current research on the role that signal transduction pathways play in the pathogenesis of cancer and how this knowledge may be used to develop the next generation of more effective and less toxic anticancer agents. Series Editor comments: "The biologic behavior of both normal and cancer cells is determined by critical signal transduction pathways. This text provides a comprehensive review of the field. Leading investigators discuss key molecules that may prove to be important diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets."

Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.

Download or read book Cell Polarity in Development and Disease written by Douglas W Houston and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Polarity in Development and Disease offers insights into the basic molecular mechanisms of common diseases that arise as a result of a loss of ordered organization and intrinsic polarity. Included are diseases affecting highly polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, as well as loss and gain of cell polarity in the onset and progression of cancer. This book provides a basic resource for understanding the biology of polarity, offering a starting point for those thinking of targeting cell polarity for translational medical research. Provides basic science understanding of cell polarity disease and development Covers diseases affecting polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, also covering the progression of cancer Includes historical context of cell polarity research for potential future breakthroughs

Download or read book Principles of Developmental Genetics written by Sally A. Moody and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-07-19 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike anything currently available in the market, Dr. Sally A. Moody and a team of world-renowned experts provide a groundbreaking view of developmental genetics that will influence scientific approaches in embryology, comparative biology, as well as the newly emerging fields of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Principles of Developmental Genetics highlights the intersection of developmental biology with new revolutionary genomic technologies, and details how these advances have accelerated our understanding of the molecular genetic processes that regulates development. This definitive resource provides researchers with the opportunity to gain important insights into the clinical applicability of emerging new technologies and animal model data. This book is a must-have for all researchers in genetics, developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and stem cell biology. • Includes new research not previously published in any other book on the molecular genetic processes that regulates development • Chapters present a broad understanding on the application of animal model systems, allowing researchers to better treat clinical disorders and comprehend human development • Relates the application of new technologies to the manipulation of stem cells, causes of human birth defects, and several human disease conditions • Each chapter includes a bulleted summary highlighting clinical aspects of animal models

Download or read book The Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition EMT in Cancer written by Joëlle Roche and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Cancer" that was published in Cancers

Download or read book Metastatic Cancer Clinical and Biological Perspectives written by Rahul Jandial and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. The spread of a primary tumor to colonize neighboring and distant organs is the relentless endgame that defines the neoplastic process. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer are treated to prevent both the recurrence of the tumor at the site of origin and metastasis that would re-stage them as advanced stage IV cancer. Historically and still with some types of cancer, stage IV is perceived by patients as “terminal.” Fortunately, recent molecular therapies have extended the lives of patients with advanced cancer and reassuringly people living with metastatic disease increasingly visit our clinics. What is the path forward? Given that the consilience of science and medicine is a dynamic art from which therapies arise, it would be misguided to consider any single work adequate at capturing the horizon for research. So with humility we constructed this text as primer for scientists. It begins with a broad introduction to the clinical management of common cancers. This is intended to serve as a foundation for investigators to consider when developing basic science hypotheses. Unquestionably, medical and surgical care of cancer patients reveals biology and dictates how novel therapeutics will ultimately be evaluated in clinical trials. The second section of this text offers provocative and evolving insights that underscore the breadth of science involved in the elucidation of cancer metastasis biology. The text concludes with information that integrates scientific and clinical foundations to highlight translational research. This book serves as a framework for scientists to conceptualize clinical and translational knowledge on the complexity of disease that is metastatic cancer.

Download or read book Cell Polarity 2 written by Klaus Ebnet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-24 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a state-of-the art overview on the most relevant aspects of cell polarity. Volume 2 discusses the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of cell polarity. It especially focuses on pathophysiological conditions in which one or several aspects of cell polarity are impaired, and in which a loss of cell polarity possibly contributes to disease (e.g. epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer, role of polarity proteins in cancer). Both volumes are intended for professors, group leaders and researchers in cell biology as well as for medical professionals working in anatomy, cell biology, physiology, pathology and tumor biology.

Download or read book The Drosophila Model in Cancer written by Wu-Min Deng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-13 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a series of review articles that capture the advances in using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, model system to address a wide range of cancer-related topics. Articles in this book provide case studies that shed light on the intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor formation and progression. Readers will discover the beauty of the fly model’s genetic simplicity and the vast arsenal of powerful genetic tools enabling its efficient and adaptable use. This model organism has provided a unique opportunity to address questions regarding cancer initiation and development that would be extremely challenging in other model systems. This book provides a useful resource for a researcher who wishes to learn about and apply the Drosophila model to tackle fundamental questions in cancer biology, and to find new ways to fight against this devastating disease.

Download or read book Extracellular Matrix and Egg Coats written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-28 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extracellular Matrix and Egg Coats, Volume 130, the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on The Human Egg’s Zona Pellucida, the Structure of Zona Pellucida Module Proteins, The Fish Egg’s Zona Pellucidam The Chicken Egg’s Zona Pellucidam The Marsupial Egg’s Zona Pellucida, the Evolution of Zona Pellucida Proteins, The Mouse Egg’s Zona Pellucida, Aspects of ECM, ECM and Morphogenesis, Collagen fibril assembly and function, The Ear's Tectorial Membrane, ECM and Cell Fate, and the Aspects of ECM. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series Updated release includes the latest information on the Extracellular Matrix in Development

Download or read book Rna based Mechanisms In Cancer written by Gary Brewer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-10-12 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The roles of gene transcription in cancer have long been appreciated. However, posttranscriptional processes also contribute significantly to alterations in gene expression that lead to tumor initiation, formation, and progression.We have known for decades that alterations in the expression of key genes, such as those involved in cell proliferation, signaling, apoptosis, and immune responses, are major molecular events in cancer. This book presents our current understanding of selected posttranscriptional control mechanisms and the RNAs that they regulate. Each chapter provides an overview of a specific RNA-directed regulatory system and the RNA/protein factors involved, then discusses major findings in the field and their relationships to the development and/or treatment of cancer and associated diseases. Future questions serve to address 'where do we go from here' and stimulate the reader's thinking about these important problems.This compendium of chapters from experts in the field is essential reading for anyone interested in the myriad ways that RNAs contribute to tumorigenesis: from graduate students, researchers, and clinical scientists interested in mRNA processing and translation, RNA-binding proteins that promote turnover/stability of specific mRNAs, how small noncoding RNAs control inflammation and signaling, roles of the epitranscriptome, and future and emerging RNA-based, anti-tumor therapeutics.

Download or read book Tumor Suppressor Genes written by Yue Cheng and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-03 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional evidence obtained from somatic cell fusion studies indicated that a group of genes from normal cells might replace or correct a defective function of cancer cells. Tumorigenesis that could be initiated by two mutations was established by the analysis of hereditary retinoblastoma, which led to the eventual cloning of RB1 gene. The two-hit hypothesis helped isolate many tumor suppressor genes (TSG) since then. More recently, the roles of haploinsufficiency, epigenetic control, and gene dosage effects in some TSGs, such as P53, P16 and PTEN, have been studied extensively. It is now widely recognized that deregulation of growth control is one of the major hallmarks of cancer biological capabilities, and TSGs play critical roles in many cellular activities through signaling transduction networks. This book is an excellent review of current understanding of TSGs, and indicates that the accumulated TSG knowledge has opened a new frontier for cancer therapies.

Download or read book Tight Junctions in Cancer Metastasis written by Tracey A. Martin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a dramatic increase in knowledge of tight junctions in the past decade. The molecular structure of tight junctions, cellular functions and the pathophysiological roles of tight junctions are becoming clear. Of the most important functions, the role of the cellular structure in cancer spread and drug delivery are increasingly realised. It is now clear that there are fundamental changes to tight junctions during the process of cancer development. Tight junctions are also critical to the metastatic process of cancer cells. The cellular structure is also crucial in drug therapies, namely, the permeability and bioavailability of the drugs, penetration of barriers such as the blood brain barrier. This current volume aims to summarise the current knowledge of tight junctions, their role in cancer and cancer metastasis and is of interest to scientists and clinicians.

Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Genetics of Axial Patterning Growth and Disease in Drosophila Eye written by Amit Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-18 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is a highly versatile model with a genetic legacy of more than a century. It provides powerful genetic, cellular, biochemical and molecular biology tools to address many questions extending from basic biology to human diseases. One of the most important questions in biology is how a multi-cellular organism develops from a single-celled embryo. The discovery of the genes responsible for pattern formation has helped refine this question and has led to other questions, such as the role of various genetic and cell biological pathways in regulating the process of pattern formation and growth during organogenesis. The Drosophila eye model has been extensively used to study molecular genetic mechanisms involved in patterning and growth. Since the genetic machinery involved in the Drosophila eye is similar to humans, it has been used to model human diseases and homology to eyes in other taxa. This updated second edition covers current progress in the study of molecular genetic mechanisms of pattern formation, mutations in axial patterning, genetic regulation of growth, and more using the Drosophila eye as a model.

Download or read book The Molecular Biology of Cancer written by Stella Pelengaris and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Molecular Biology of Cancer, Stella Pelengaris & Michael Khan This capturing, comprehensive text, extensively revised and updated for its second edition, provides a detailed overview of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the development of cancer and its treatment. “Bench to Bedside”: A key strength of this book that sets it apart from general cancer biology references is the interweaving of all aspects of cancer biology from the causes, development and diagnosis through to the treatment and care of cancer patients – essential for providing a broader view of cancer and its impact. The highly readable presentation of a complex field, written by an international panel of researchers, specialists and practitioners, would provide an excellent text for graduate and undergraduate courses in the biology of cancer, medical students and qualified practitioners in the field preparing for higher exams, and for researchers and teachers in the field. For the teaching of cancer biology, special features have been included to facilitate this use: bullet points at the beginning of each chapter explaining key concepts and controversial areas; each chapter builds on concepts learned in previous chapters, with a list of key outstanding questions remaining in the field, suggestions for further reading, and questions for student review. All chapters contain text boxes that provide additional and relevant information. Key highlights are listed below: An overview of the cancer cell and important new concepts. Selected human cancers: lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, renal, skin, cervix, and hematological malignancies. Key cellular processes in cancer biology including (a) traditionally important areas such as cell cycle control, growth regulation, oncogenes and tumour suppressors apoptosis, as well as (b) more highly topical areas of apoptosis, telomeres, DNA damage and repair, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, immunity, epigenetics, and the proteasome. Clinical oncology: In-depth coverage of important concepts such as screening, risk of cancer and prevention, diagnoses, managing cancer patients from start to palliative care and end-of-life pathways. Chapters highlighting the direct links between cancer research and clinical applications. New coverage on how cancer drugs are actually used in specific cancer patients, and how therapies are developed and tested. Systems Biology and cutting edge research areas covered such as RNA interference (RNAi). Each chapter includes key points, chapter summaries, text boxes, and topical references for added comprehension and review. Quotations have been used in each chapter to introduce basic concepts in an entertaining way. Supported by a dedicated website at www.blackwellpublishing.com/pelengaris We should list the great reviews we got for first edition which are on the back of the 2nd edition: “A capturing, comprehensive, clearly written and absolutely accurate introduction into cancer biology.....This book deserves great praise for the readable presentation of this complex field....the true synthesis of bench and bedside approaches is marvelously achieved.” Christian Schmidt, Molecular Cell “Chapters address the issues of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and patient care and set the book apart from general molecular biology references....This book is applicable to both graduate and undergraduate students, and in the context of a research laboratory, this book would be an excellent resource as a reference guide for scientists at all levels.” V.Emuss, Institute of Cancer Research, London. Also, from the first edition: “Pelengaris, Khan, and the contributing authors are to be applauded. The Molecular Biology of Cancer is a comprehensive and readable presentation of the many faces of cancer from molecular mechanisms to clinical therapies and diagnostics. This book will be welcomed by neophyte students, established scientists in other fields, and curious physicians.” -Dean Felsher, Stanford University