Download or read book Characterization of a Bifunctional Globin Coupled Sensor Protein written by Dayna Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heme proteins are found within all domains of life and play many key roles, including in diatomic gas sensing. Despite the large body of research on heme proteins, the molecular basis for the ability of the heme protein to modulate heme electronics and undergo conformational changes in response to gas binding to or the oxidation of the heme is still poorly understood. This is particularly true for the recently discovered class of heme proteins, known as globin coupled sensor (GCS) proteins. While evolutionarily related to mammalian globins, GCS proteins are found primarily in bacteria and archaea and serve as gas sensors that regulate activity of output domains within the same polypeptide chain. GCS proteins are involved in regulating bacterial biofilm formation (bacterial communities that form on surfaces and are recalcitrant to antibiotics), motility, and virulence. This dissertation presents the biochemical and structural characterization of DcpG, a diguanylate cyclase phosphodiesterase GCS protein from the bacterium Paenibacillus dendritiformis C454. DcpG is a bifunctional cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) metabolic protein with GGDEF (Glu-Glu-Asp-Glu-Phe) and EAL (Glu-Ala-Leu) domains (synthesize and hydrolyze c-di-GMP, respectively) that are regulated by an N-terminal heme-bound sensor globin. C-di-GMP metabolic proteins are of great interest due to the role of c-di-GMP in controlling important bacterial phenotypes such as biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. However, the regulation of bifunctional c-di-GMP metabolic proteins is very poorly understood, despite putative homologs in thousands of bacterial genomes. The goal of the dissertation is to understand which gaseous ligand(s) regulate DcpG bifunctional enzyme activity and to probe its signal transduction mechanism. This first section of this dissertation reports the initial characterization of DcpG. DcpG bifunctional enzyme activity is differentially regulated by oxygen (O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in which this work highlights the first example, to our knowledge, of ligand binding to a heme sensor domain causing differential regulation of output domain activity. In addition, DcpG possesses unusual heme properties that include irreversible high midpoint potentials and rapid O2 and NO dissociation rates from the heme. By combining small angle X-ray scattering and negative stain electron microscopy data, the first structural model of a full-length globin coupled sensor protein was generated. These studies demonstrate for the first time that diatomic ligands (O2, NO, CO) can differentially modulate enzymatic domain activity within one heme sensor protein and allow bacteria to use a single protein to sense multiple gases within the environment. In the second section of the dissertation, the signal transduction mechanism within DcpG is probed. Enzyme kinetics, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and structural techniques are used to identify roles for heme-edge amino acids in modulating heme ligand binding and O2 dependent signal transduction. These studies identify an unusual heme-edge histidine residue that controls O2 dissociation, enzyme kinetics, and protein conformation. The last section of the dissertation focuses on establishing a high-throughput method to determine c-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterase activity of EAL domain containing enzymes. In addition, this section of the dissertation highlights future and ongoing work of DcpG characterization to further understand its structure and its role in vivo. In summary, this work has expanded our knowledge of GCS proteins and bifunctional c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes. This work suggest that DcpG may play a role in Paenibacillus dendritiformis C454 behavior in response to its gaseous environment. In addition, DcpG unusual heme properties play a role in its signal transduction mechanism, from gas sensing to bifunctional enzyme activation. Overall, this dissertation provides a foundation to understand of c-di-GMP enzymes that are activated by gaseous ligands.

Download or read book Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Globin coupled Sensor in Klebsiella Variicola written by Maddy Helm and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (cyclic-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that regulates several cellular processes, including biofilm formation. Globin-coupled sensor (GCS) proteins contain a diguanylate cyclase (GG(D/E)EF), cyclic-di-GMP synthesizing domain connected to a globin sensor domain via a middle domain of varying length. While a handful of GCS proteins have been characterized, those associated with human pathogens such as Klebsiella variicola have yet to be studied. Herein, the preliminary characterization of a GCS protein from K. variicola (KvGCS) is reported. Stopped-flow O2 dissociation was biphasic, which is consistent with that of other GCS proteins. Cyclic-di-GMP kinetic assays were able to determine a kcat and KM for both the Fe(II)-O2 and Fe(II) states. Using biological small-angle X-ray scattering, a low-resolution structure of the dimer and tetramer conformations of KvGCS was determined. Overall, this work provides information about the full-length GCS protein scaffolding, and insight into the regulation of KvGCS in the presence and absence of oxygen.

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Two component Signal Transduction written by James A. Hoch and published by Amer Society for Microbiology. This book was released on 1995 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human enteroviruses, particularly the polio viruses, have had a significant role in the history of medicine and microbiology; and continue to cause clinical problems, as well as provide targets for molecular investigation. This book offers a link between the basic science and clinical medicine.

Download or read book Heme Peroxidases written by Emma Raven and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heme peroxidases are widely distributed in biological systems and are involved in a wide range of processes essential for life. This book provides a comprehensive single source of information on the various aspects of heme peroxidase structure, function and mechanism of action. Chapters written and edited by worldwide experts span a range of heme peroxidases from plants, yeast, bacteria and mammals. Discussed functions of peroxidases range from cell wall synthesis, synthesis of prostaglandins, role in drug suppression of tuberculosis, and antibacterial activity. Included is a discussion of peroxidases that also act as catalases and oxygenases. Heme Peroxidases serves as an essential text for those working in industry and academia in biochemistry and metallobiology.

Download or read book Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carriers as Red Cell Substitutes and Oxygen Therapeutics written by Hae Won Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are leading candidates as red blood cell substitutes. In addition, HBOCs are also potential oxygen therapeutics for treatment of patients with critical ischemic conditions due to atherosclerosis, diabetes and other conditions. This book will provide readers a comprehensive review of topics involved in the HBOC development. It focusses on current products and clinical applications as well as on emerging technologies and future prospects.

Download or read book Detection of Non Amplified Genomic DNA written by Giuseppe Spoto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an overview of state-of-the-art in non amplified DNA detection methods and provides chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists and material scientists with an introduction to these methods. In fact all these fields have dedicated resources to the problem of nucleic acid detection, each contributing with their own specific methods and concepts. This book will explain the basic principles of the different non amplified DNA detection methods available, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Non-amplified DNA detection can be achieved by adopting different techniques. Such techniques have allowed the commercialization of innovative platforms for DNA detection that are expected to break into the DNA diagnostics market. The enhanced sensitivity required for the detection of non amplified genomic DNA has prompted new strategies that can achieve ultrasensitivity by combining specific materials with specific detection tools. Advanced materials play multiple roles in ultrasensitive detection. Optical and electrochemical detection tools are among the most widely investigated to analyze non amplified nucleic acids. Biosensors based on piezoelectric crystal have been also used to detect unamplified genomic DNA. The main scientific topics related to DNA diagnostics are discussed by an outstanding set of authors with proven experience in this field.

Download or read book Biocatalysis Based on Heme Peroxidases written by Eduardo Torres and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-20 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last systematic description of heme peroxidases was published in 1999 by Brian Dunford, from the University of Alberta in Canada. The book Heme per- idases covers discussion on three-dimensional structure, reaction mechanism, kinetics, and spectral properties of representative enzymes from bacterial, plant, fungal, and animal origin. Since 1999, vast information on basic but also applied aspects of heme peroxidases has been generated. We believe fusion of these two aspects will bene?t research of those dedicated to development of biocatalytic process. The aim of this book is to present recent advances on basic aspects such as evolution, structure–function relation, and catalytic mechanism, as well as applied aspects, such as bioreactor and protein engineering, in order to provide the tools for rational design of enhanced biocatalysts and biocatalytic processes. The book does not include an exhaustive listing of references but rather a selected collection to enrich discussion and to allow envisioning future directions for research. This book is organized in three parts. In Part I, current knowledge of structure and mechanism of peroxidases is covered. From the molecular phylogeny, going through the in?uence of structural factors over oxidative ability to the molecular mechanism of catalysis, the authors intend to provide an understanding of per- idases at the molecular level. The understanding of the fundamental behavior of peroxidases will allow further adequation, design, and/or optimization of pero- dase-based catalysis to a particular process. In Part II, research on potential applications of peroxidases in several ?elds is presented and discussed.

Download or read book Ubiquitin and the Biology of the Cell written by Jan-Michael Peters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-05-31 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last several years have been a landmark period in the ubiquitin field. The breadth of ubiquitin's roles in cell biology was first sketched, and the importance of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis as a regulatory mechanism gained general acceptance. The many strands of work that led to this new perception are re counted in this book. A consequence of this progress is that the field has grown dramatically since the first book on ubiquitin was published almost a decade ago [M. Rechsteiner (ed. ), Ubiquitin, Plenum Press, 1988]. In this span, students of the cell cycle, transcription, signal transduction, protein sorting, neuropathology, cancer, virology, and immunology have attempted to chart the role of ubi quit in in their particular experimental systems, and this integration of the field into cell biology as a whole continues at a remarkable pace. We hope that for active researchers in the field as well as for newcomers and those on the fence, this book will prove helpful for its breadth, historical perspective, and practical tips. Structural data are now available on many of the components of the ubiquitin pathway. The structures have provided basic insights into the unusual biochemical mechanisms of ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated proteolysis. Because high-speed computer graphics can convey structures more effectively than print media, we have supplemented the figures of the book with a Worldwide Web site that can display the structures in a flexible, viewer-controlled format.

Download or read book Biosensors written by Anthony P. F. Turner and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1989 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive book to be published in this field. It has many contributors, chosen to reflect the spread of disciplines from which the new techniques have emerged.

Download or read book Comprehensive Materials Processing written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 5485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Materials Processing, Thirteen Volume Set provides students and professionals with a one-stop resource consolidating and enhancing the literature of the materials processing and manufacturing universe. It provides authoritative analysis of all processes, technologies, and techniques for converting industrial materials from a raw state into finished parts or products. Assisting scientists and engineers in the selection, design, and use of materials, whether in the lab or in industry, it matches the adaptive complexity of emergent materials and processing technologies. Extensive traditional article-level academic discussion of core theories and applications is supplemented by applied case studies and advanced multimedia features. Coverage encompasses the general categories of solidification, powder, deposition, and deformation processing, and includes discussion on plant and tool design, analysis and characterization of processing techniques, high-temperatures studies, and the influence of process scale on component characteristics and behavior. Authored and reviewed by world-class academic and industrial specialists in each subject field Practical tools such as integrated case studies, user-defined process schemata, and multimedia modeling and functionality Maximizes research efficiency by collating the most important and established information in one place with integrated applets linking to relevant outside sources

Download or read book Cryo EM Part A Sample Preparation and Data Collection written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryo-EM Part A: Sample Preparation and Data Collection is dedicated to a description of the instruments, samples, protocols, and analyses that belong to cryo-EM. It emphasizes the relatedness of the ideas, instrumentation, and methods underlying all cryo-EM approaches, which allow practitioners to easily move between them. Within each section, the articles are ordered according to the most common symmetry of the sample to which their methods are applied. Includes time-tested core methods and new innovations applicable to any researcher Methods included are useful to both established researchers and newcomers to the field Relevant background and reference information given for procedures can be used as a guide

Download or read book Molecular Diagnostics Promises and Possibilities written by Mousumi Debnath and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-29 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapid development in diverse areas of molecular biology and genetic engineering resulted in emergence of variety of tools. These tools are not only applicable to basic researches being carried out world over, but also exploited for precise detection of abnormal conditions in plants, animals and human body. Although a basic researcher is well versed with few techniques used by him/her in the laboratory, they may not be well acquainted with methodologies, which can be used to work out some of their own research problems. The picture is more blurred when the molecular diagnostic tools are to be used by physicians, scientists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories in hospitals, industry and academic institutions. Since many of them are not trained in basics of these methods, they come across several gray areas in understanding of these tools. The accurate application of molecular diagnostic tools demands in depth understanding of the methodology for precise detection of the abnormal condition of living body. To meet the requirements of a good book on molecular diagnostics of students, physicians, scientists working in agricultural, veterinary, medical and pharmaceutical sciences, it needs to expose the reader lucidly to: Give basic science behind commonly used tools in diagnostics Expose the readers to detailed applications of these tools and Make them aware the availability of such diagnostic tools The book will attract additional audience of pathologists, medical microbiologists, pharmaceutical sciences, agricultural scientists and veterinary doctors if the following topics are incorporated at appropriate places in Unit II or separately as a part of Unit-III in the book. Molecular diagnosis of diseases in agricultural crops Molecular diagnosis of veterinary diseases. Molecular epidemiology, which helps to differentiate various epidemic strains and sources of disease outbreaks. Even in different units of the same hospital, the infections could be by different strains of the same species and the information becomes valuable for infection control strategies. Drug resistance is a growing problem for bacterial, fungal and parasitic microbes and the molecular biology tools can help to detect the drug resistance genes without the cultivation and in vitro sensitivity testing. Molecular diagnostics offers faster help in the selection of the proper antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis, which is a major problem of the in the developing world. The conventional culture and drug sensitivity testing of tuberculosis bacilli is laborious and time consuming, whereas molecular diagnosis offers rapid drug resistant gene detection even from direct clinical samples. The same approach for HIV, malaria and many more diseases needs to be considered. Molecular diagnostics in the detection of diseases during foetal life is an upcoming area in the foetal medicine in case of genetic abnormalities and infectious like TORCH complex etc. The book will be equally useful to students, scientists and professionals working in the field of molecular diagnostics.

Download or read book Frontiers in Biosensorics I written by F.W. Scheller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-12-01 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume I provides an in-depth discussion of the most recent developments of crucical biosensor components. It concentrates on the interface between the analyte phase and the detector, namely, the implementation of novel recognition elements, including nucleic acids, and of leading-edge technology in the construction of responsive thin layers. Thus, the reader can obtain a foretaste of achievable future progress in the field.

Download or read book Oxidation reduction Potentials written by Leonor Michaelis and published by . This book was released on 1930 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Homocysteine in Protein Structure Function and Human Disease written by Hieronim Jakubowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excess of homocysteine, a product of the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine, is associated with poor health, is linked to heart and brain diseases in general human populations, and accelerates mortality in heart disease patients. Neurological and cardiovascular abnormalities occur in patients with severe genetic hyperhomocysteinemia and lead to premature death due to vascular complications. Although it is considered a non-protein amino acid, studies over the past dozen years have discovered mechanisms by which homocysteine becomes a component of proteins. Homocysteine-containing proteins lose their normal biological function and become auto-immunogenic and pro-thrombotic. In this book, the author, a pioneer and a leading contributor to the field, describes up-to date studies of the biological chemistry of homocysteine-containing proteins, as well as pathological consequences and clinical implications of their formation. This is a comprehensive account of the broad range of basic science and medical implications of homocysteine-containing proteins for health and disease. ​

Download or read book Biochemistry written by David E. Metzler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-05-04 with total page 1063 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells is a well-integrated, up-to-date reference for basic chemistry and underlying biological phenomena. Biochemistry is a comprehensive account of the chemical basis of life, describing the amazingly complex structures of the compounds that make up cells, the forces that hold them together, and the chemical reactions that allow for recognition, signaling, and movement. This book contains information on the human body, its genome, and the action of muscles, eyes, and the brain. * Thousands of literature references provide introduction to current research as well as historical background * Contains twice the number of chapters of the first edition * Each chapter contains boxes of information on topics of general interest