Download or read book Characterization and Surfactant Enhanced Remediation of Organic Contaminants in Saturated Porous Media written by Tammy Palmer Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Download or read book Surfactant Enhanced Remediation of Residual Organic Contaminants written by Barbara Krebs-Yuill and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IAHS Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surfactant enhanced DNAPL Remediation written by David A. Sabatini and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improvement of the Recovery of Heavy Chlorinated Organic Compounds in Saturated Porous Media by Thermal and Chemical Enhancements written by Stéfan Colombano and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater pollution by chlorinated organic compounds is a major problem. Actually, these particularly toxic pollutants, permanently degrade soil and groundwater quality. Their dispersion (by solubilization and volatilization) from the pollution source zone can generate large contaminants plumes.Chlorinated organic compounds are recovered as pure product (Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids-DNAPL) mainly using pump/treat technologies. However, these technologies are time-consuming and do not recover the pure product in an efficient way. A significant amount of DNAPL remains trapped in soil as residual saturation (Srn). The objective of this PhD project was to enhance DNAPL recovery rate and yield using chemical and thermal enhancements during the pumping process. Temperature increases aimed to reduce the viscosity of DNAPL (and therefore to increase its mobility) while the addition of surfactant aimed to reduce the capillary forces that trap the DNAPL. Experiments at the laboratory scale (based on monitoring of permittivities, electrical resistivities and optical densities) and two-phase flow modeling were performed to quantify the effects of these enhancements. Heating the DNAPL up to 50 °C (to avoid volatilization) decreases the viscosity by a factor of two. The addition of surfactant, Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate-SDBS, at its Critical Micelle Concentration (to prevent DNAPL solubilization) decreases interfacial tensions by a factor of 12. Drainage-imbibition experiments were carried out in 1D cells to obtain the retention curves of the two-phase system (capillary pressure as a function of water saturation). The decreases of Srn obtained with SDBS were 28% for 0.5 mm glass beads (GB) diameter and 46% for 0.1 mm GB. We reported no significant improvement in the remediation yield with thermal enhancement. The curves were fitted with the van Genuchten - Mualem model to generate data for modeling.Drainage-imbibition experiments were carried out in 1D columns to characterize two-phase flow (and in particular the displacement of the DNAPL-water interface according to the pressures applied). The two-phase flow model used a pressure-pressure formulation (using COMSOL Multiphysics®). The modeling of recovered volumes and the displacement of the interface agreed with the experimental results. The remediation yields with chemical and thermal enhancements were of the same order of magnitude as those reported in 1D cells. For 2D tank experiments, pumping was performed at different flow rates with 0.5 mm and 0.1 mm GB. The experiments were also performed with and without enhancement. Models were compared with image interpretation (based on the optical density calibration). Comparing experimental and modeled values shows that the model fitted well with the experiments. The VDNAPL, chemical/VDNAPL, reference ratios were for low and high flow rates on average respectively 2.90 and 1.40 for 0.5 mm GB and 1.37 and 1.18 for 0.1 mm GB. Thermal enhancement had no beneficial effect on DNAPL recovery rate or yield.Indirect measurements of water saturations (Sw) for 1D or 2D experiments yielded the following results: i. the measured permittivities were very similar to the values modeled with the CRIM model; ii. modeling of electrical resistivities with Archie's Law was less accurate; iii. optical densities allow accurate Sw estimation. At field scale, the combination of monitoring both electrical resistivities (which provide a global picture) and permittivities (which provide precise but spatially limited data), is expected to provide Srn data.
Download or read book Method of Remediation of Contaminants in Porous Media Through Minimization of Bouyancy Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for controlling vertical migration of contaminants in an aquifer includes introduction of a solubilizing solution having a surfactant and an alcohol or other light co-solvent. The surfactant is selected to solubilize the contaminant. The alcohol or other solvent is selected to provide the microemulsion with a substantially neutral buoyancy with respect to groundwater. The neutral buoyancy of the microemulsion prevents the normal downward movement which is typical of the solubilized dense non-aqueous phase liquid in surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation. Thus, the risk that any significant amount of the solubilized dense non-aqueous contaminants will migrate vertically can be controlled. The relative tendency for vertical migration may also be reduced by increasing the injection rate or injected fluid viscosity (by adding polymer), or by reducing the well spacing.
Download or read book Characterization Modeling Monitoring and Remediation of Fractured Rock written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools-some only recently developed-can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field.
Download or read book Surfactants and Their Applications for Remediation of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Soils written by Roger Saint-Fort and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil contaminated with ubiquitous hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) is a worldwide recurring concern arising from their indiscriminate disposal, improper management, and accidental spills. A wide range of traditional remedial strategies have been the common practice. However, these treatment methods have become cost prohibitive, not environmental friendly, and less accepted by society. Surfactant-enhanced remediation technology represents a cost-effective and green technology alternative to remediate such contaminated sites. Surfactant remediation technologies are conducted in-situ or ex-situ as two broad categories, or in combination. Among these technologies are soil flushing, washing, phytoremediation, and bioremediation. More applied research continues to quantify the efficiency of surfactant-enhanced mass transfer phase using a single surfactant solution while their binary blends to remove mixed HOCs in soils are also a focus of interest for research. There is a great potential to develop novel synthetic and biosurfactants that will exhibit higher biodegradability, less toxicity, higher removal efficiency, more economical and more recyclable. This work thus provides a review of the applications and importance of surfactant-enhanced remediation of soil contaminated with HOCs. Relevant environmental factors, soil properties, surfactant chemistry, mechanisms, mass transfer phase, and field designs are summarized and discussed with purposes of providing greater context and understanding of surfactant-enhanced remediation systems.
Download or read book Chemical Enhancements to Pump and treat Remediation written by Carl D. Palmer and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contaminant Hydrogeology written by C. W. Fetter and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tremendous progress has been made in the field of remediation technologies since the second edition of Contaminant Hydrogeology was published two decades ago, and its content is more important than ever. Recognizing the extensive advancement and research taking place around the world, the authors have embraced and worked from a larger global perspective. Boving and Kreamer incorporate environmental innovation in studying and treating groundwater/soil contamination and the transport of those contaminants while building on Fetter’s original foundational work. Thoroughly updated, expanded, and reorganized, the new edition presents a wealth of new material, including new discussions of emerging and potential contaminant sources and their characteristics like deep well injection, fracking fluids, and in situ leach mining. New sections cover BET and Polanyi adsorption potential theory, vapor transport theory, the introduction of the Capillary and Bond Numbers, the partitioning interwell tracer testing technique for investigating NAPL sites, aerial photographic interpretation, geophysics, immunological surveys, high resolution vertical sampling, flexible liner systems, groundwater tracers, and much more. Contaminant Hydrogeology is intended as a textbook in upper level courses in mass transport and contaminant hydrogeology, and remains a valuable resource for professionals in both the public and private sectors.
Download or read book Surfactant enhanced Subsurface Remediation written by David A. Sabatini and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a timely and thorough review of surfactant-based remediation technologies. Covers fundamental mechanistic studies to scale-up and process modeling and full-scale field implementation studies. Summarizes the technical, economic, and sociopolitical issues affecting widespread implementation of these technologies. Includes contributions from academic and industrial researchers as well as regulatory personnel.
Download or read book Handbook of Porous Media written by Kambiz Vafai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-07-12 with total page 927 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Presents the most important and up-to-date research related to heat transfer in porous media, focusing on practical applications of the latest studies to engineering products and procedures. Includes theoretical models of fluid flow, capillary effects, application of fractal and percolation characterizing porous materials, multiphase flow and heat transfer, turbulent flow and heat transfer, improved measurement and flow visualization techniques, and enhanced design correlations."
Download or read book Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for Polluted Soils Sediments and Groundwater written by Krishna R. Reddy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-04 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unmatched reference on electrochemical technologies for soil, sediment, and groundwater pollution remediation Electrochemical technologies are emerging as important approaches for effective and efficient pollution remediation, both on their own and in concert with other remediation techniques. Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for Polluted Soils, Sediments and Groundwater provides a systematic and clear explanation of fundamentals, field applications, as well as opportunities and challenges in developing and implementing electrochemical remediation technologies. Written by leading authorities in their various areas, the text summarizes the latest research and offers case studies that illustrate equipment, installation, and methods employed in real-world remediations. Divided into nine sections, the coverage includes: Introduction and fundamental principles Remediation of heavy metals and other inorganic pollutants Remediation of organic pollutants Remediation of mixed contaminants Electrokinetic barriers Integrated (coupled) technologies Mathematical modeling Economic and regulatory considerations Field applications and performance assessment Unique as a comprehensive reference on the subject, Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for Polluted Soils, Sediments and Groundwater will serve as a valuable resource to all environmental engineers, scientists, regulators, and policymakers.
Download or read book Ground Water Contamination written by Philip B. Bedient and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1999 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text addresses the scientific and engineering aspects of subsurface contaminant transport, analysis, and modeling as well as remediation in ground water. It offers a modern engineering approach to ground water contamination problems of the nineties and beyond.
Download or read book Cationic Surfactant enhanced Sorption and Nonionic Surfactant enhanced Solubilization of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Groundwater written by Joel S. Hayworth and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using surfactants to immobilize and recover contaminants from groundwater. Before such a remediation method can be employed in the field, a understanding of the complex transport, partitioning behavior, and interactions of the surfactants and in a dynamic groundwater system is required. Batch, column and box aquifer model experiments conducted to investigate the proposed remediation strategy. Also, numerical modeling tools were developed to predict the coupled cationic/nonionic/HOC transport behavior within a dynamic groundwater. Experimental results show that it is feasible to create a stationary cationic surfactant-enhanced in situ within an aquifer. The main criteria for sorbent zone development are a relatively high exchange capacity, a low carbon content, and a relatively homogeneous and permeable aquifer. Numerical simulation results indicate that mass-transfer limiting desorption of the cationic surfactant will likely occur within an enhanced sorbent zone.
