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Book Characterization and Chemistry of Fission Products Released from LWR Fuel Under Accident Conditions

Download or read book Characterization and Chemistry of Fission Products Released from LWR Fuel Under Accident Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Segments from commercial LWR fuel rods have been tested at temperatures between 1400 and 2000°C in a flowing steam-helium atmosphere to simulate severe accident conditions. The primary goals of the tests were to determine the rate of fission product release and to characterize the chemical behavior. This paper is concerned primarily with the identification and chemical behavior of the released fission products with emphasis on antimony, cesium, iodine, and silver. The iodine appeared to behave primarily as cesium iodide and the antimony and silver as elements, while cesium behavior was much more complex. 17 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Book Measurement and Characterization of Fission Products Released from LWR Fuel

Download or read book Measurement and Characterization of Fission Products Released from LWR Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samples of commercial LWR fuel have been heated under simulated accident conditions to determine the extent and the chemical forms of fission product release. This project was sponsored by the USNRC under a broad program of reactor safety studies. Of the five tests discussed, the fractional releases of Kr, I, and Cs varied from approx. 2% at 1400°C to>50% at 2000°C; much smaller fractions of Ru, Ag, Sb, and Te were measured in some tests. The major chemical forms in the effluent appeared to include CsI, CsOH, Sb, Te, and Ag.

Book Fission Product Processes In Reactor Accidents

Download or read book Fission Product Processes In Reactor Accidents written by J. T. Rogers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 883 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear incidents emphasized the need for the world-wide nuclear community to cooperate further and exchange the results of research in this field in the most open and effective manner. Recognizing the roles of heat and mass transfer in all aspects of fission-product behavior in sever reactor accidents, the Executive Committee of the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer organized a Seminar on Fission Product Transport Processes in Reactor Accidents. This book contains the eleven of the lectures and all the papers presented at the seminar along with four invited papers that were not presented and a summary of the closing session.

Book Fission product Release from Irradiated LWR Fuel

Download or read book Fission product Release from Irradiated LWR Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation of fission product release from commercial LWR fuel under accident conditions is being conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This work, which is sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), is an extension of earlier experiments up to 1600°C and is designed to obtain the experimental data needed to reliably assess the consequences of accidents for fuel temperatures up to melting. The objectives of this program are (1) to determine fission product release rates from fully-irradiated commercial LWR fuel in high-temperature steam; (2) to collect and characterize the aerosol released; (3) to identify the chemical forms of the released material; (4) to correlate the results with related experimental data and develop a consistent source term model; and (5) to aid in the interpretation of tests using simulated LWR fuel.

Book Fission Product Release from Fuel Under LWR Accident Conditions

Download or read book Fission Product Release from Fuel Under LWR Accident Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three tests have provided additional data on fission product release under LWR accident conditions in a temperature range (1400 to 2000°C). In the release rate data are compared with curves from a recent NRC-sponsored review of available fission product release data. Although the iodine release in test HI-3 was inexplicably low, the other data points for Kr, I, and Cs fall reasonably close to the corresponding curve, thereby tending to verify the NRC review. The limited data for antimony and silver release fall below the curves. Results of spark source mass spectrometric analyses were in agreement with the gamma spectrometric results. Nonradioactive fission products such as Rb and Br appeared to behave like their chemical analogs Cs and I. Results suggest that Te, Ag, Sn, and Sb are released from the fuel in elemental form. Analysis of the cesium and iodine profiles in the thermal gradient tube indicates that iodine was deposited as CsT along with some other less volatile cesium compound. The cesium profiles and chemical reactivity indicate the presence of more than one cesium species.

Book Fission Product Release from Highly Irradiated LWR Fuel

Download or read book Fission Product Release from Highly Irradiated LWR Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of experiments was conducted with highly irradiated light-water reactor fuel rod segments to investigate fission products released in steam in the temperature range 500 to 1200°C. (Two additional release tests were conducted in dry air.) The primary objectives were to quantify and characterize fission product release under conditions postulated for a spent-fuel transportation accident and for a successfully terminated loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). In simulated, controlled LOCA-type tests, release at the time of rupture proved to be more significant than the diffusional release that followed. Comparison of the release data for the dry-air tests with the release data of similarly conducted tests in steam indicated significant increases in the releases of iodine, ruthenium, and cesium in air. Various parameters that affect fission product release are discussed, and experimental observations and analysis of the chemical behavior of releasable fission products in inert, steam, and dry-air atmospheres are examined.

Book Fission Product Release from Irradiated LWR Fuel Under Accident Conditions

Download or read book Fission Product Release from Irradiated LWR Fuel Under Accident Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fission product release from irradiated LWR fuel is being studied by heating fuel rod segments in flowing steam and an inert carrier gas to simulate accident conditions. Fuels with a range of irradiation histories are being subjected to several steam flow rates over a wide range of temperatures. Fission product release during each test is measured by gamma spectroscopy and by detailed examination of the collection apparatus after the test has been completed. These release results are complemented by a detailed posttest examination of samples of the fuel rod segment. Results of release measurements and fuel rod characterizations for tests at 1400 through 2000°C are presented in this paper.

Book Nuclear Safety in Light Water Reactors

Download or read book Nuclear Safety in Light Water Reactors written by Bal Raj Sehgal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La 4e de couverture indique : Organizes and presents all the latest thought on LWR nuclear safety in one consolidated volume, provided by the top experts in the field, ensuring high-quality, credible and easily accessible information.

Book Fission product release and fuel behavior of irradited light water reactor fuel under severe accident conditions the ACRR ST 1 experiment

Download or read book Fission product release and fuel behavior of irradited light water reactor fuel under severe accident conditions the ACRR ST 1 experiment written by M. D. Allen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book ORNL Studies of Fission Product Release Under LWR Accident Conditions

Download or read book ORNL Studies of Fission Product Release Under LWR Accident Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High burnup Zircaloy-clad UO2 fuel specimens have been heated to study the release of fission products in tests simulating LWR accident conditions. The dominant variable was found to be temperature, with atmosphere, time, and burnup also being significant variables. Comparison of data from tests in steam and hydrogen, at temperatures of 2000 to 2700 K, have shown that the releases of the most volatile species (Kr, Xe, I, and Cs) are relatively insensitive to atmosphere. The releases of the less-volatile species (Sr, Mo, Ru, Sb, Te, Ba, and Eu), however, may vary by orders of magnitude depending on atmosphere. In addition, the atmosphere may drastically affect the mode and extent of fuel destruction.

Book Modeling Fission Product Release from Ruptured LWR Fuel Rods

Download or read book Modeling Fission Product Release from Ruptured LWR Fuel Rods written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal objectives of the fission product release program are to determine the quantity of radiologically significant fission products released from defected LWR fuel rods under accident conditions, identify their chemical and physical forms, and interpret the results for use as input to computer models of postulated transportation and loss-of-coolant accidents. Experimental work with flowing steam in the temperature range 500 to 1200°C and with dry air at 500°C and 700°C has been completed. One series of tests, the Implant Test Series, employed simulated fission products which were coated on unirradiated UO2 fuel pellets; a second series, the Low Burnup Fuel Test Series, used fuel capsules irradiated to 1000 MWd/MT at high heat rating (560 to 660 W/cm), and a third series of experiments, the High Burnup Test Series, used fuel irradiated to 30,000 MWd/MT in the H.B. Robinson reactor at low heat rating (175 to 320 W/cm). Sufficient analytical results have been obtained to permit the formulation of a preliminary empirical model for cesium release in steam. The model assumes that cesium release is the sum of two components: burst release (that carried out with escaping plenum gas when the rod ruptures) and diffusion release (that diffusing from the gap space after the plenum gas has vented).

Book Energy Research Abstracts

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: