Download or read book Characteristics of the Upper Crust and Magma Chambers Along the Spreading Centers of the Lau Back arc Basin written by Allison Maria Jacobs Dingler and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the three major classes of tectonic boundaries, divergent oceanic ridge systems are responsible for the generation and accretion of most oceanic crust. Conversely, subduction zone tectonic boundaries consume the crust. Located west of the Tonga trench, a major subduction zone in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the Lau back-arc basin is a prime environment for studying the interplay between oceanic spreading and active subduction. Within the basin there are two complementary, intermediate-rate spreading systems, the Central Lau Spreading Center (CLSC) and the Eastern Lau Spreading Center/Valu Fa Ridge (ELSC/VFR) that are positioned 170 to 40 km away from the active volcanic arc, respectively. Using multichannel seismic (MCS) methods, we image the upper oceanic crust along the CLSC and ELSC/VFR, and find systematic variations in axial crustal structure along both systems primarily related to the increasing influence of the volcanic arc that make the magmas more silica-rich. While the many of the features of the CLSC are similar to the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise and the intermediate-spreading Juan de Fuca Ridge, the ELSC/VFR's thickening crustal layers that are coincident with decreasing velocities along the system have no known counterpart in the global mid-ocean ridge system. We use the MCS data to determine the properties of the axial magma chamber (AMC) at two end-member segments of the ELSC/VFR and test for other along-axis variations related to volatile enhancement. By exploiting the differences in P- and S-wave velocities when they travel through solids and liquids, we find that the physical state of the AMC at both segments alternates between being nearly pure melt and being a mushy mixture of crystals and melt. The regions of melt compare well with enhanced hydrothermal activity at the seafloor. Unlike the nonstandard upper crustal characteristics of the ELSC/VFR, these results agree with observations of similar correlations along the EPR and JdFR. This dissertation is composed of 5 different chapters. The last chapter, chapter 5, is a study separate from the others in which with we investigate the postseismic surface response to the 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, southern California, earthquake using interferometric synthetic aperture radar data. Here we find several centimeters of mostly vertical deformation and a near-field relaxation time of 135 +42 -25 days, comparable to the decay rate of the nearby 1992 Landers earthquake. Chapter 1 provides an overview of oceanic spreading centers and how they differ between mid-ocean ridge environments and back-arc basins. Building on the work of Chapter 1, in the second chapter we use velocity modeling of the upper crustal structure along the axes of the CLSC and ELSC/VFR to investigate structural changes that occur in the crust as the spreading axes near the active volcanic arc. More specifically, Chapter 3 explores the physical state of the AMC and its seismic reflection strength at two end-member segments of the ELSC/VFR. The goal of this chapter is to determine if the subduction zone also influences these properties. Tying everything together, Chapter 4 demonstrates how integrating interdisciplinary datasets into 3-D visualizations enhances scientific analyses and the ability to communicate data and results.
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 5604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics written by Harsh Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 1579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few decades have witnessed the growth of the Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the planet that we live on. This development addresses the challenging endeavor to enrich human lives with the bounties of Nature as well as to preserve the planet for the generations to come. Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations. The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was published in 1989 by Van Nostrand Reinhold publishing company. More than two decades later, this new volume, edited by Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, represents a thoroughly revised and expanded reference work. It brings together more than 200 articles covering established and new concepts of Geophysics across the various sub-disciplines such as Gravity, Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Seismology, Seismics, Deep Earth Processes, Plate Tectonics, Thermal Domains, Computational Methods, etc. in a systematic and consistent format and standard. It is an authoritative and current reference source with extraordinary width of scope. It draws its unique strength from the expert contributions of editors and authors across the globe. It is designed to serve as a valuable and cherished source of information for current and future generations of professionals.
Download or read book Faulting and Magmatism at Mid Ocean Ridges written by W. Roger Buck and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1998-02-04 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book can benefit the nonspecialist who wants to keep up with work on magmatism and tectonics, as well as researchers working on mid-ocean ridges."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Ophiolites and Oceanic Crust written by Yildirim Dilek and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings from the September 1998 conference in Marshall, California contain 39 papers on the following topics: ophiolites, ocean crust, and global tectonics; oceanic lower crust and upper mantle; structure and physical properties of upper oceanic crust; hydrothermal processes; Pacific Rim ophiolites; and, Ophiolites from Iapetus, Rheic-Pleionic, Neotethyan, and Indian Oceans. Contributors include scientists with backgrounds in structural geology, tectonics, geophysics, petrology, and geochemistry. Numerous black and white illustrations (and one in color) are included. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Magma Supply and Storage in Volcanic Systems written by Tanya Marie Blacic and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discovering the Deep written by Jeffrey A. Karson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A beautifully illustrated reference providing fascinating insights into the hidden world of the seafloor using the latest deep-sea imaging.
Download or read book Geology of Ore Deposits written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Magmatic Systems written by Michael P. Ryan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-08-26 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its integrated and cohesive coverage of the current research, Magmatic Systems skillfully explores the physical processes, mechanics, and dynamics of volcanism. The text utilizes a synthesized perspective--theoretical, experimental, and observational--to address the powerful regulatory mechanisms controlling the movement of melts and cooling, with emphasis on mantle plumes, mid-ocean ridges, and intraplate magmatism. Further coverage of subduction zone magmatism includes:Fluid mechanics of mixed magma migrationInternal structure of active systemsGrain-scale melt flowRheology of partial meltsNumerical simulation of porous media melt migrationNonlinear (chaotic and fractal) processes in magma transportIn all, Magmatic Systems will prove invaluable reading to those in search of an interdisciplinary perspective on this active topic. Key Features* Fluid mechanics of magma migration from surface region to eruption site* Internal structure of active magmatic systems* Grain-scale melt flow in mantle plumes and beneath mid-ocean ridges* Physics of magmatic systems and magma dynamics
Download or read book Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems written by Jun-ichiro Ishibashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-10 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the comprehensive volume of the TAIGA (“a great river ” in Japanese) project. Supported by the Japanese government, the project examined the hypothesis that the subseafloor fluid advection system (subseafloor TAIGA) can be categorized into four types, TAIGAs of sulfur, hydrogen, carbon (methane), and iron, according to the most dominant reducing substance, and the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria/archaea that are inextricably associated with respective types of TAIGAs which are strongly affected by their geological background such as surrounding host rocks and tectonic settings. Sub-seafloor ecosystems are sustained by hydrothermal circulation or TAIGA that carry chemical energy to the chemosynthetic microbes living in an extreme environment. The results of the project have been summarized comprehensively in 50 chapters, and this book provides an overall introduction and relevant topics on the mid-ocean ridge system of the Indian Ocean and on the arc-backarc systems of the Southern Mariana Trough and Okinawa Trough.
Download or read book Ophiolite Concept and the Evolution of Geological Thought written by Yildirim Dilek and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Publications of the Geological Survey written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geologisches Jahrbuch written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book RIDGE 1989 Working group Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
