Download or read book Characterisation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Water Treatment Using Ultra high Resolution Techniques written by Alan James Smith and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CHARACTERIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER DOM IN ENGINEERED ULTRAVIOLET UV PHOTOLYSIS AND UV BASED ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of heterogeneous surrogate organic compounds and includes natural organic matter (NOM), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved organic phosphorous (DOP) and soluble microbial products (SMP). DOM plays a key role in moderating the aquatic biogeochemical cycle in freshwater ecosystems. Shedding light into the composition of freshwater DOM will aid in understanding the biogeochemical dynamics of freshwater ecosystems and consequently the role of DOM as a local climate regulator. An increase in de facto wastewater reuse has made the removal of DOM present in wastewater imperative, as DOM can be potentially toxic to human health. Additionally, wastewater DOM can reduce the efficiency of the treatment performances of advanced treatment techniques such as UV-advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs), as DOM can screen UV light and scavenge reactive radical species, thereby reducing the concentrations of reactive radical species that are available to destroy the target trace organic contaminants. Therefore, understanding the molecular composition of DOM present in wastewater as well as in the effluent to surface water is crucial, as this knowledge will aid in upgrading treatment performances and subsequently contribute towards the effective removal of target contaminants. In this regard, ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the molecular composition of DOM present in wastewater as well as in the effluent to surface water. DOM composition is characterized in terms of H/C and O/C elemental ratios and double bond equivalents (DBEs). Effluent DOM was found to comprise of a higher number of unsaturated aromatic species relative to wastewater DOM. Species with nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms are less common among effluent DOM relative to wastewater DOM. In order to better understand the interference of DOM in the treatment performances of individual UV-AOPs, the transformation of a standard DOM isolate, i.e. Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) as well as municipal effluent wastewater DOM (EfOM) were investigated in UV/H2O2, UV/free chlorine and UV/persulfate AOPs using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. The changes in the H/C and O/C elemental ratios, DBEs, and the low-molecular-weight transformation product concentrations reveal that different DOM and EfOM transformation patterns are induced by each UV-AOP. DOM and EfOM transformation routes induced by hydroxyl, chlorine and sulfate radicals were mechanistically elucidated by comparing the known reactivities of each active radical species with specific organic compounds. In the UV/H2O2 system, distinct transformation of aliphatic components of DOM and transformation of olefinic as well as aliphatic components of EfOM was observed. In the UV/free chlorine system, transformation of aliphatic as well as olefinic species of DOM and transformation of aromatic species of EfOM was observed. Transformation of aromatic and olefinic moieties of both DOM as well as EfOM was observed in the UV/persulfate system. Transformation products of DOM such as chlorinated compounds are of concern due to their adverse health impacts. However, only a small portion of these compounds have been well-characterized, thus necessitating the characterization of the unknown compounds. Plausible structural information about chlorinated compounds produced from UV/free chlorine triggered transformation of DOM is provided through the means of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with ultrahigh resolution mass analysis. The two compounds of interest were hypothesized to be composed of alcohol, carboxylic acid and aldehyde/ketone groups.
Download or read book Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Wastewater Using Liquid Chromatography high Resolution Mass Spectrometry written by Yaroslav Verkh and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individual hazardous chemicals and substance mixtures with synergistic toxicity ef-fects occur in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) of wastewater and negatively im-pact human health. Yet a large number of chemicals and their treatment by-products in wastewater makes the tracking of individual compounds nearly impossible and de-mands new analytical strategies. The thesis describes the development and evaluation of non-targeted and suspect anal-ysis methods aimed at the transformation of DOM and micro-contaminants of interest during wastewater treatment using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spec-trometry (LC-HRMS) data. On one hand, a non-targeted method to track transformations of DOM in a multiphase wastewater treatment using LC-HRMS data was developed. LC-MS signals were ex-tracted, aligned, and had their isotopologues clustered and elemental composition pre-dicted using open license software MZmine 2 in a way that conceptually prioritized the detection of anthropogenic compounds.
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Silanpää and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 77 percent of the freshwater used in the United States comes from surface-water sources and is subject to natural organic matter contamination according to the United States Geological Survey. This presents a distinct challenge to water treatment engineers. An essential resource to the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water, Natural Organic Matter in Waters: Characterization and Treatment Methods focuses on advance filtration and treatment options, and processes for reducing disinfection byproducts. Based on the author’s years of research and field experience, this book begins with the characterization of NOM including: general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis and biological testing. This is followed by removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. Electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as: electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane fouling. Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods Includes characterization methods of NOM Explains removal methods such as: removal by coagulation, electrochemical, advanced oxidation, and integrated methods
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpaa and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Organic Matter in Water: Characterization, Treatment Methods, and Climate Change Impact, Second Edition focuses on advanced filtration and treatment options, as well as processes for reducing disinfection by-products, making it an essential resource on the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water. Based on the editor’s years of research and field experience, the book covers general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis, and biological testing, along with removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. In addition, sections cover electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and membrane fouling. This book is a valuable guide for engineers and researchers looking to integrate methods, processes and technologies to achieve desired affects. Provides a summary of up-to-date information surrounding NOM Presents enhanced knowledge on treatment strategies for the removal of NOM Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods
Download or read book Molecular Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Ultrahigh resolution Mass Spectrometry written by Vanessa-Nina Roth and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Impact of Permanganate Pre oxidation on Dissolved Organic Matter During Drinking Water Treatment Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry written by Juliana R. Laszakovits and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in natural and engineered aquatic systems. DOM can be problematic during drinking water treatment due to its ability to scavenge oxidants and react with chlorine to form carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Drinking water treatment plant operators aim to minimize DBP formation by removing DOM (alum coagulation and activated carbon sorption) or altering DOM composition (permanganate oxidation). While permanganate pre-oxidation has been claimed widely to be an effective strategy to reduce DBP formation, its impact on drinking water treatment and subsequent DBP formation remains poorly understood. Here, a novel ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometric approach was used to characterize DOM by combining data from multiple ionization techniques to provide greater insight on DOM molecular level changes induced by treatment. In Chapter 2, this approach was applied along with Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy to understand which DOM components react with permanganate for two DOM isolates (a terrestrial isolate and a microbial isolate). Aromatic and nitrogenous components were found to react with permanganate and help explain previously observed trends between permanganate-DOM reaction rates and SUVA-254 values as well as why algal-derived DOM can efficiently scavenge permanganate. In Chapter 3, the impact of permanganate pre-oxidation on the response of DOM to subsequent treatments was investigated using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and bulk characterization techniques for three DOM isolates that represented different DOM source types: terrestrial, algal-impacted, and wastewater effluent-impacted. Permanganate pre-oxidation enhanced removal of aromatic components by coagulation and activated carbon sorption because it added negatively charged functional groups that interacted more favorably with sorption sites. It was also observed that complimentary treatments (i.e., coagulation followed by activated carbon sorption in that order) improved overall DOM removal by targeting different fractions. In Chapter 4, the impact of these changes to DOM during drinking water treatment operations on DBP formation by chlorine was investigated for four major classes of DBPs: volatile carbonaceous DBPs (trihalomethanes and haloketones), haloacetic acids, volatile nitrogenous DBPs (halonitriles and chloropicrin), and nitrosamines. The impact of permanganate pre-oxidation on DBP formation depended on the DOM isolate type. Permanganate pre-oxidation was able to reduce nitrogenous DBP formation when applied alone but its ultimate impact depended on subsequent treatments; permanganate pre-oxidation reduced the efficacy of subsequent treatments to reduce carbonaceous DBP formation. From the ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometric data obtained, two DBP precursor structures are proposed using insight gained from the multiple ionization techniques. This work highlights the advantage of using multiple ionization techniques coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to characterize DOM and provides molecular level insight for a more nuanced approach to managing DOM in drinking water treatment.
Download or read book The Characterisation of Dissolved Organic Matter DOM written by Declan Page and published by . This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wunderli Karl 1881 1961 written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zeitungsausschnitte.
Download or read book Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters written by Christopher L. Osburn and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A substantial increase in the number of studies using the optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a proxy for its chemical properties in estuaries and the coastal and open ocean has occurred during the last decade. We are making progress on finding the actual chemical compounds or phenomena responsible for DOM’s optical properties. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, in particular, has made important progress in making the key connections between optics and chemistry. But serious questions remain and the last major special issue on DOM optics and chemistry occurred nearly 10 years ago. Controversies remain from the non-specific optical properties of DOM that are not linked to discrete sources, and sometimes provide conflicting information. The use of optics, which is relatively easier to employ in synoptic and high resolution sampling to determine chemistry, is a critical connection to make and can lead to major advances in our understanding of organic matter cycling in all aquatic ecosystems. The contentions and controversies raised by our poor understanding of the linkages between optics and chemistry of DOM are bottlenecks that need to be addressed and overcome.
Download or read book Microbial Utilization and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments from Streams to the Deep Ocean written by Johanna Sjöstedt and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic geochemistry of natural waters written by E.M. Thurman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1985-04-30 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbon. Of these topics, the main themes are the amount and nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters (mainly fresh water, although seawater is briefly discussed). It is hoped that the reader is familiar with organic chemistry, but it is not necessary. The first part of the book is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon. Over the past 10 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge on organic substances in water, which is the result of money directed toward the research of organic compounds, of new methods of analysis (such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry), and most importantly, the result of more people working in this field. Because of this exponential increase in knowledge, there is a need to pull together and summarize the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.
Download or read book Linking the Sulfur and Carbon Cycle by Ultrahigh Resolution Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter written by Sabine Eva-Maria Dvorski and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization and Remediation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Produced Oilfield Waters written by Xiaojing Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) has been studied intensively in many water sources such as lakes and seas due to its recalcitrance, its reactivity with other pollutants in water, its role in global carbon cycling, and the fact that DOM is a precursor of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts. The composition of DOM is complex and contains thousands of chemicals. Compared to DOM in other types of water bodies (fresh and sea waters), little research has been conducted on DOM in produced oilfield waters, and its detailed composition remains largely unknown. This works aims to understand DOM in oilfield waters through a thorough chemical characterization and examination on mechanisms for its removal through both biotic and abiotic methods, including: (1) Solid Phase Extraction of DOM; (2) FTIR and high resolution mass characterization of DOM; (3) remediation of DOM through photodegradation, clay adsorption, chemical flocculation, biodegradation, and volatilization.
Download or read book Uncharted Waters written by Anna Andersson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are potentially toxic compounds formed when drinking water is treated with disinfectants, such as chlorine or chloramine. A large proportion of the exposure to DBPs is still unknown and the health risks observed through epidemiological studies cannot be explained by DBPs known today. In this thesis, a part of the unknown DBP fraction is investigated, covering a wide range of non-volatile, chlorine/bromine-containing DBPs. The goals were to investigate how the compositions of these DBPs differ between water treatment plants, how their occurrence changes in the distribution system until reaching consumers and how new treatment techniques can reduce their formation and toxicity. To analyze unknown DBPs, a non-targeted approach adopting ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), was used, where the mass of molecules is measured with such accuracy that the elemental composition of individual DBPs can be calculated. A panel of bioassays was used to assess the combined toxic effects from these DBP mixtures. The results show that the formation of these DBPs to a large extent was specific to each water treatment plant and that local conditions influenced DBP formation, based on e.g., the abundance of organic material with certain chemical structures, bromide and disinfection procedure and agent (chlorine or chloramine). The DBPs were detected in both chlorinated and chloraminated water and in all tap water samples, demonstrating that they are part of human exposure. The number of DBP formulae decreased and the DBP composition changed between drinking water treatment and consumer taps, suggesting that DBP exposure to consumers is not necessarily resembling measurements at the treatment plants. Evaluation of new treatment techniques showed that suspended ion exchange and ozonation have potential to decrease the formation and toxic effects of DBPs and that the removal of organic matter can influence qualitative aspects of DBP formation, such as the proportions of chlorine-containing (less toxic) versus bromine-containing (more toxic) DBPs. Through increased knowledge about the role and relevance of non-volatile DBPs, this work can contribute to future monitoring and actions to reduce the health risks associated with DBPs in chlorinated or chloraminated drinking water. Desinfektionsbiprodukter (DBP:s) är potentiellt giftiga ämnen som bildas när dricksvatten renas med desinfektionsmedel såsom hypoklorit eller monokloramin. En stor del av exponeringen är ännu okänd och hittills kända DBP:s kan inte förklara de hälsorisker som förknippats med klorerat dricksvatten i epidemiologiska studier. I avhandlingen undersöks en relativt okänd fraktion av DBP:s som utgörs av icke-flyktiga, klor/brom-innehållande ämnen. Målen var att undersöka hur dessa DBP:s varierar mellan olika vattenverk, om de förekommer hos konsumenter och hur nya vattenreningstekniker kan minska dess bildandning och relaterad toxicitet. För att mäta okända DBP:s användes ultrahögupplöst masspektrometri (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)), med vilken massan hos molekyler kan bestämmas så exakt att atomsammansättningen för enskilda DBP:s kan räknas ut. En serie effektbaserade metoder som bygger på biologiska testsystem användes för att mäta kombinerade toxiska effekter från de studerade biprodukterna. Resultaten visar att största delen av bildade DBP:s var unik för varje vattenverk och att lokala förutsättningar påverkar vilka DBP:s som bildas, till exempel om det finns organiskt material med särskilda kemiska strukturer, bromid eller vilket desinfektionsmedel (klor eller kloramin) som används. De studerade biprodukterna detekterades både i klorerat och kloraminerat dricksvatten och i samtliga kranvatten, vilket innebär att de bidrar till konsumenters exponering. Antalet detekterade DBP:s minskade och sammansättningen ändrades mellan vattenverk och konsument, vilket innebär att DBP exponeringen hos konsumenter inte är densamma som mäts på vattenverken. En utvärdering av nya reningstekniker visade att suspenderat jonbyte och ozonering har potential att minska bildning och relaterad toxisk effekt från DBP:s och att borttagning av organiskt material kan påverka kvalitativa aspekter av DBP bildning, såsom proportionerna av klorerade (mindre toxiska) och bromerade (mer toxiska) DBP:s. Genom ökad insikt om icke-flyktiga DBP:s roll och relevans kan detta arbete bidra till att förbättra framtida uppföljning och insatser för att minska hälsorisker kopplade till DBP:s i klorerat eller kloraminerat dricksvatten.
Download or read book Comprehensive Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Using Chemical Fractionation and High Resolution Organic Structural Spectroscopy written by Yan Li and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter DOM to Help Optimize Drinking Water Treatment written by Marc-André Philibert and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
