Download or read book Chapter 14 Chemical Analysis of Deposits written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the difficulties that arise during the industrial use of water are closely related to water-formed sludges, scales, and corrosion products. These water-formed deposits are the accumulations of insoluble material derived from the water, or are formed by the reaction of water with surfaces in contact with it. The composition of such deposits can be used to diagnose the reason(s) for deposition, to determine preventive treatment of either the water or its environment, and to effect their removal. A thorough and accurate analysis is an important beginning in this process. The analysis of water-formed deposits must be versatile and comprehensive in order to handle the most complex sample. It must also be flexible enough to handle the simplest samples easily and efficiently. The usual quantitative analysis will yield the elemental composition of the major constituents of such deposits. When single elements or simple compounds predominate, such an analysis is probably sufficient. For more complex deposits, however, other tools must be used to determine accurately the combinations of these elements. These include emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, electron probe microanalysis, flame photometry, atomic absorption, petrographic microscope, and the electron microscope. A method for atomic absorption and spectrographic analysis is outlined in ASTM Testing Water-Formed Deposits (Method D 2331) [1]; a procedure for identification by X-ray diffraction is dealt with in ASTM Test for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits by X-Ray Diffraction (Method D 934) [1]; X-ray fluorescence is covered in ASTM Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by X-Ray Fluorescence (Method D 2332) [1]; flame photometry in ASTM Test for Sodium and Potassium Ions in Industrial Water and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry (Methods D 1428) [1]; and microscopy in ASTM Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy (Method D 1245) [1]; These and other instrumental techniques are also discussed in Chapter 13. It is often possible to determine the source or cause of water-formed deposits from the results of chemical and physical analyses. The treatment for removal or prevention of such deposits can thus be accomplished scientifically instead of by trial and error.

Download or read book Chapter 13 Sampling and Identification of Deposits in Steam and Water Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pure water in an uncorrodible vessel would never leave a deposit. Although this ideal case has been very nearly reached in some instances, deposits are still found in most water or steam systems. The examination and analysis of these deposits provide the person responsible for water treatment with information about phenomena in the water system, and will frequently indicate to him the means for correcting the condition that caused the deposit. This chapter covers the nature of deposits in steam and water systems, the sampling of deposits for analysis, and methods for identification of the constituents of the deposits. Quantitative chemical analysis is dealt with in Chapter 14. Some of the instrumental methods discussed in this chapter are not at present widely used in the examination of deposits, but brief descriptions are included because there are instances where they can be used to advantage. Deposits may be divided into three general classes: inorganic, organic, and biological. As shown in Fig. 1, inorganic deposits result from corrosion of containing surfaces; from precipitation by chemical reaction between two or more constituents of the water; or precipitation from physical causes, such as change in solubility with pressure or temperature, by evaporation to dryness, or by relief of supersaturation. Closely akin to these, but still somewhat distinct, is the sedimentation of suspended matter.

Download or read book Essentials of Flow Assurance Solids in Oil and Gas Operations written by Abdullah Hussein and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2022-10-19 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow assurance solids deposition is one of the main challenges in oil and gas production operations with millions of dollars spent annually on their mitigation. Essentials of Flow Assurance Solids in Oil and Gas Operations works as an all-inclusive reference for engineers and researchers, covering all the different types of solids that are commonly encountered in oil and gas fields. Structured to flow through real-world operations, the reference branches through each solid deposit problem where the root causes are as well as modeling, monitoring, characterization, and management strategies, all comprehensively reviewed in the light of contemporary research breakthroughs. Backed by several field case studies, Essentials of Flow Assurance Solids in Oil and Gas Operations gives petroleum and reservoir engineers a resource to correlate between the theoretical fundamentals and field practical applications allowing for sustainable and optimal operations. Provides the main operations of oil and gas fields, the characteristics of produced fluids, and the main flow assurance challenges Furnishes the basic principles of deposits formation and mitigation, starting with a full investigation of the problems, then mechanisms, causes, predictions, modelling, and sample analysis, followed by management Distinctively discusses the operational and environmental implications of flow assurance solids and their management using chemical and nonchemical methods Teaches engineers through impactful visuals and data sets included in every chapter

Download or read book Geochemistry written by Miloš René and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geochemistry includes new contributions to the field of granite rocks geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology and microstructure studies, geochemistry of radioactive isotopes, and geochronology. It contains detailed geochemical, mineralogical, petrological, sedimentological and geostructural studies from Europa, Asia, Africa, South America and Australia Chapters present geochemical exploration methods, isotopic studies, and macro- and microstructural analyses.

Download or read book Manual on Water written by American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee D-19 on Water and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technical Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electro chemical Analysis written by Edgar Fahs Smith and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index to Laboratory and Other Numbered Reports written by Ferdinand Stenger and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laboratory Reports written by United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Technical Library, Denver and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methods for Sampling and Assessing Deposits of Insecticidal Sprays Released Over Forests written by United States. Department of Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electro chemical Analysis written by Smith and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the State Board of Geological Survey for the Years 1891 and 1892 written by Michigan. Geological Survey and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the State Board of Geological Survey 1899 1908 written by Michigan. Geological Survey and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Brief Introduction to Quantitative Chemical Analysis written by Robert Blanchard Fischer and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book TT written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translations of scientific and technical monographs and articles.