Download or read book Changes in Macromoth Community Structure Following Deforestation in Western Washington State written by Matthew R. Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timber management, especially clear-cut logging, dramatically alters forest ecosystems. In temperate conifer forests of the Pacific Northwest, succession following deforestation is a slow process, lasting several decades for early and mid-successional stages and several hundred years for late maturity and old growth stages. Despite the history of logging in the region and the importance of these forests to wildlife, it is not well understood how animal communities respond to forest disturbance, particularly over successional gradients. In this study, I examined the response of macromoth communities to habitat change in western Washington State by sampling moths along a chronosequence of previously-logged sites and by making comparisons to moth communities in old growth areas. Based on previous research on moths in a variety of forest ecosystems, I expected to find that abundance, species richness, and diversity would all be lowest in recently-logged sites but would increase with stand age. I also predicted that the proportion of rare and unique species (species occurring at only one site) would increase with stand age, as would the number of specialist feeders, but I expected the relative abundance of pests and non-natives to decrease with increasing stand age. I found that moth abundance increased with stand age among previously-logged sites, while average species richness and diversity (measured by the alpha index) were greater in old growth areas for both observed and sample size-corrected values. Based on rarefaction curves, it was evident that sample sizes were not large enough to attain a firm measure of total species richness at each site, but a modest increase in sampling effort may be sufficient to achieve this in some sites. Shifts in community structure were detected by analyzing proportions of species and individuals within functional groups. For example, the relative abundance of generalist feeders and pest species decreased with increasing stand age, while the proportion of oligophagous and conifer-feeding individuals increased with stand age. In old growth sites, the average proportion of specialist feeding species was greater than in previously-logged sites. The effects of deforestation were most pronounced in stands less than 10 years old. Moth communities at these sites had distinct community structure and species assemblages. Despite the large differences among very young sites, moth communities in previously-logged stands increasingly resembled those in old growth forests as stand age increased for many of the community variables examined, and this similarity was generally most pronounced for the oldest previously-logged sites. The community-wide responses following deforestation suggest that moths are potentially useful indicators of habitat disturbance and quality. The geometrid subfamily Larentiinae and noctuid subfamily Xyleninae closely represented overall patterns in moth community dynamics and would likely serve well as indicators of macromoth species richness and diversity in forest stands of different ages within this region and elevation range. Specifically identifying which factors associated with stand history were responsible for the observed shifts in moth community structure was not an objective of this study. Given the important relationship between moths and their larval host plants, it is nonetheless likely that changes in plant community structure and canopy complexity during secondary succession influence macromoth communities. Further studies should address if changes to forestry practices, such as shifting from clear-cut to selective harvesting, might improve moth biodiversity by retaining aspects of plant diversity and forest structure. Based on my results, simply increasing the length of harvest rotations in these forests could result in important changes to moth biodiversity, which may have important ecological consequences for the numerous species utilizing moths as a food source. However, it appears that even after 85 - 95 years, moth communities in previously-logged sites do not fully resemble communities in old growth sites.
Download or read book Volume 1 Evolution Systematics and Biogeography written by Niels P. Kristensen and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-02-06 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering 100 years of zoological research, the Handbook of Zoology represents a vast store of knowledge. Handbook of Zoology provides an in-depth treatment of the entire animal kingdom covering both invertebrates and vertebrates. It publishes comprehensive overviews on animal systematics and morphology and covers extensively further aspects like physiology, behavior, ecology and applied zoological research. Although our knowledge regarding many taxonomic groups has grown enormously over the last decades, it is still the objective of the Handbook of Zoology to be comprehensive in the sense that text and references together provide a solid basis for further research. Editors and authors seek a balance between describing species richness and diversity, explaining the importance of certain groups in a phylogenetic context and presenting a review of available knowledge and up-to-date references. New contributions to the series present the combined effort of an international team of editors and authors, entirely published in English and tailored to the needs of the international scientific community. Upcoming volumes and projects in progress include volumes on Annelida (Volumes 1-3), Bryozoa, Mammalia, Miscellaneous Invertebrates, Nannomecoptera, Neomecoptera and Strepsiptera and are followed later by fishes, reptiles and further volumes on mammals. Background The renowned German reference work Handbook of Zoology was founded in the 1920's by Professor Willi Kükenthal in Berlin and treated the complete animal kingdom from single cell organisms to mammals in eight thematic volumes: Volume I Protozoa, Porifera, Colenteratea, Mesozoa (1925); Volume II Vermes (1933/34); Volume III Arthropoda ex. Insecta (1927/1932); Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta; Volume V Solenogastres, Mollusca, Echinoderma (1925); Volume VI Pisces / Amphibia (1930); Volume VII Reptilia / Aves (1931); Volume VIII Mammalia. The Volumes IV Arthropoda: Insecta and VII Mammalia continued publication into the present with the most recent contributions in English language. Adapting to the accelerating speed of scientific discovery in the past decades the Handbook of Zoology entered a next phase in 2010. In the new edition of the Handbook of Zoology, the original eight thematic volumes gave way for smaller and more flexible groupings that reflect the current state of phylogenetic knowledge. All subsequent volumes were published in print as well as e-book format. The Handbook of Zoology is additionally offered as a database, the Handbook of Zoology Online, which can easily be searched and rapidly updated. Original Handbook material (ca. 28 000 pages) has been reordered along taxonomic (instead of bibliographical) categories and forms the historical basis of this Online Reference Work. As a living Online Reference, the content is continuously updated and new content added. The material can be accessed through taxonomic and subject categories as well as free text, with a diversity of linking and search options. Faster publication times through online-first publication, reference- and cross-linking, and make the Handbook of Zoology highly attractive to both authors and users.
Download or read book Conserving Forest Biodiversity written by David B. Lindenmayer and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While most efforts at biodiversity conservation have focused primarily on protected areas and reserves, the unprotected lands surrounding those area—the "matrix"—are equally important to preserving global biodiversity and maintaining forest health. In Conserving Forest Biodiversity, leading forest scientists David B. Lindenmayer and Jerry F. Franklin argue that the conservation of forest biodiversity requires a comprehensive and multiscaled approach that includes both reserve and nonreserve areas. They lay the foundations for such a strategy, bringing together the latest scientific information on landscape ecology, forestry, conservation biology, and related disciplines as they examine: the importance of the matrix in key areas of ecology such as metapopulation dynamics, habitat fragmentation, and landscape connectivity general principles for matrix management using natural disturbance regimes to guide human disturbance landscape-level and stand-level elements of matrix management the role of adaptive management and monitoring social dimensions and tensions in implementing matrix-based forest management In addition, they present five case studies that illustrate aspects and elements of applied matrix management in forests. The case studies cover a wide variety of conservation planning and management issues from North America, South America, and Australia, ranging from relatively intact forest ecosystems to an intensively managed plantation. Conserving Forest Biodiversity presents strategies for enhancing matrix management that can play a vital role in the development of more effective approaches to maintaining forest biodiversity. It examines the key issues and gives practical guidelines for sustained forest management, highlighting the critical role of the matrix for scientists, managers, decisionmakers, and other stakeholders involved in efforts to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem processes in forest landscapes.
Download or read book The Natural History of Santo written by Philippe Bouchet and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Santo, the largest island in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu, is an extraordinary geographical and cultural microcosm, combining reefs, caves, mountains, and satellite isles--with human history that dates back 3,000 years. Collecting contributions from more than one hundred authors, The Natural History of Santo is the result of a 2006 Santo expedition, which brought together scientists, volunteers, and students from twenty-five countries. This lavishly illustrated book pays homage to the biodiversity of this "planet-island" and bridges the gaps between scientific knowledge, conservation, and education.
Download or read book Rewilding European Landscapes written by Henrique M. Pereira and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some European lands have been progressively alleviated of human pressures, particularly traditional agriculture in remote areas. This book proposes that this land abandonment can be seen as an opportunity to restore natural ecosystems via rewilding. We define rewilding as the passive management of ecological successions having in mind the long-term goal of restoring natural ecosystem processes. The book aims at introducing the concept of rewilding to scientists, students and practitioners. The first part presents the theory of rewilding in the European context. The second part of the book directly addresses the link between rewilding, biodiversity, and habitats. The third and last part is dedicated to practical aspects of the implementation of rewilding as a land management option. We believe that this book will both set the basis for future research on rewilding and help practitioners think about how rewilding can take place in areas under their management.
Download or read book An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada and the British Possessions Apocynaceae to Compositae dogbane to thistle 1898 written by Nathaniel Lord Britton and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temperate Agroforestry Systems written by Andrew M Gordon and published by CABI. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic animal production has increased rapidly in recent years to keep up with the increasing consumer demand for organic meats. There are many guidelines and restrictions on what should go into the feedstuffs of organically farmed animals, from which difficulties arise when trying to ensure a well-balanced, nutritious diet without the use of any supplements. The book has been completely updated and revised to address how to formulate organic diets in situations where there is a declining supply of organic feed, as well as the feasibility of utilizing novel feedstuffs and their acceptability by consumers of organic meat products. Including the experiences of producers in relation to appropriate breeds and production systems for forage-based organic production, this book is an important read for researchers and students of organic food animal production, veterinary sciences and food; as well as food industry personnel and organic farmers.
Download or read book Insects and Ecosystem Function written by W.W. Weisser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects are a dominant component of biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and play a key role in mediating the relationship between plants and ecosystem processes. This volume examines their effects on ecosystem functioning, focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on herbivorous insects. Renowned authors with extensive experience in the field of plant-insect interactions, contribute to the volume using examples from their own work.
Download or read book The Moths of Borneo written by Jeremy Daniel Holloway and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecosystem Functioning written by Kurt Jax and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-16 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new and integrative analysis of the concept of ecosystem functioning, providing guidance for its application in conservation practice.
Download or read book Forestry in the United Kingdom written by Great Britain. Forestry Commission and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insect Diversity Conservation written by Michael J. Samways and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking book is a contemporary global synthesis of the rapidly developing and important field of insect conservation biology. Insects play important roles in terrestrial ecological processes and in maintaining the world as we know it. They present particular conservation challenges, especially as a quarter face extinction within the next few decades. This textbook addresses the ethical foundation of insect conservation, and asks why should we concern ourselves with conservation of a butterfly, beetle or bug? The success of insects and their diversity, which have survived glaciers, is now facing a more formidable obstacle: the meteoric impact of humans. After addressing threats, from invasive alien plants to climate change, the book explores ways insects and their habitats are prioritised, mapped, monitored and conserved. Landscape and species approaches are considered. This book is for undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers and managers in conservation biology or entomology, and the wider biological and environmental sciences.
Download or read book The Ecological Basis of Conservation written by Steward Pickett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-01-31 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From its inception, the U.S. Department of the Interior has been charged with a conflicting mission. One set of statutes demands that the department must develop America's lands, that it get our trees, water, oil, and minerals out into the marketplace. Yet an opposing set of laws orders us to conserve these same resources, to preserve them for the long term and to consider the noncommodity values of our public landscape. That dichotomy, between rapid exploitation and long-term protection, demands what I see as the most significant policy departure of my tenure in office: the use of science-interdisciplinary science-as the primary basis for land management decisions. For more than a century, that has not been the case. Instead, we have managed this dichotomy by compartmentalizing the American landscape. Congress and my predecessors handled resource conflicts by drawing enclosures: "We'll create a national park here," they said, "and we'll put a wildlife refuge over there." Simple enough, as far as protection goes. And outside those protected areas, the message was equally simplistic: "Y'all come and get it. Have at it." The nature and the pace of the resource extraction was not at issue; if you could find it, it was yours.
Download or read book Keeping the Wild written by George Wuerthner and published by Foundations for Deep Ecology 3. This book was released on 2014-05-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is it time to embrace the so-called “Anthropocene”—the age of human dominion—and to abandon tried-and-true conservation tools such as parks and wilderness areas? Is the future of Earth to be fully domesticated, an engineered global garden managed by technocrats to serve humanity? The schism between advocates of rewilding and those who accept and even celebrate a “post-wild” world is arguably the hottest intellectual battle in contemporary conservation. In Keeping the Wild, a group of prominent scientists, writers, and conservation activists responds to the Anthropocene-boosters who claim that wild nature is no more (or in any case not much worth caring about), that human-caused extinction is acceptable, and that “novel ecosystems” are an adequate replacement for natural landscapes. With rhetorical fists swinging, the book’s contributors argue that these “new environmentalists” embody the hubris of the managerial mindset and offer a conservation strategy that will fail to protect life in all its buzzing, blossoming diversity. With essays from Eileen Crist, David Ehrenfeld, Dave Foreman, Lisi Krall, Harvey Locke, Curt Meine, Kathleen Dean Moore, Michael Soulé, Terry Tempest Williams and other leading thinkers, Keeping the Wild provides an introduction to this important debate, a critique of the Anthropocene boosters’ attack on traditional conservation, and unapologetic advocacy for wild nature.
Download or read book The Murrelet written by Frank Stevens Hall and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Butterflies of Australia written by Michael F Braby and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000-08-15 with total page 1418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This outstanding work is the ultimate guide for the identification of Australia’s butterflies. Nearly 400 species – all those currently recognised from Australia, plus those from surrounding islands – are represented, with all adults and some immature stages displayed in stunning colour sections. Introductory chapters cover the history of publications, classification, morphology, distribution, conservation and collection, together with a checklist of the butterfly fauna. The body of the text is arranged systematically, providing a wealth of information including description, variation, similar behaviour, distribution and habitat, and major literature references, giving a comprehensive summary of the present state of knowledge of these insects. Appendices provide details of those species recorded from Australian islands outside the Australian faunal subregion, those protected by legislation, the larval food plants, and the attendant ants. Extensive references, a glossary and an index of scientific and common names complete the work. Joint Winner of the 2001 Whitley Medal. Finalist Scholarly Reference section - The Australian Awards for Excellence in Educational Publishing 2001.
Download or read book Capitalizing on Nature written by Edward B. Barbier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic unit of nature – the ecosystem – is a special form of wealth, which we can think of as a stock of natural capital. However, perhaps because this capital is free, we have tended to view it as limitless, abundant and always available for our use, exploitation and conversion. Capitalizing on Nature shows how modeling ecosystems as natural capital can help us to analyze the economic behavior that has led to the overuse of so much ecological wealth. It explains how this concept of ecosystem as natural capital sheds light on a number of important issues, including landscape conversion, ecological restoration, ecosystem resilience and collapse, spatial benefits and payments for ecosystem services. The book concludes by focusing on major policy challenges that need to be overcome in order to avert the worsening problem of ecological scarcity and how we can fund novel financing mechanisms for global conservation.
