Download or read book Change and Invariance written by Ilya Sinitsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What is the connection between finding the amount of acid needed to reach the desired concentration of a chemical solution, checking divisibility by a two-digit prime number, and maintaining the perimeter of a polygon while reducing its area? The simple answer is the title of this book.The world is an interplay of variation and constancy – a medley of differences and similarities – and this change and invariance is, largely, a language of science and mathematics. This book proposes a unique approach for developing mathematical insight through the perspective of change and invariance as it applies to the properties of numbers and shapes.After a short introductory chapter, each of the following chapters presents a series of evolving activities for students that focus on a specific aspect of interplay between change and invariance. Each activity is accompanied by detailed mathematical explanations and a didactic discussion. The assignments start with tasks familiar from the school curriculum, but progress beyond the menial to lead to sophisticated generalizations. Further activities are suggested to augment the chapter’s theme. Some examples: “How to represent all the integers from zero to 1000 using ten fingers?”, “How to win at the game of Nim?”, “Why do different square lattice polygons with the same area often have the same perimeter?” This book can be used as a textbook for pre-service mathematics teachers and is primarily intended for their academic instructors. Essentially, students, teachers and anyone interested in elementary mathematics will enjoy the elegant solutions provided for the plethora of problems in elementary mathematics through the systematic approach of invariance and change."
Download or read book Theory of Technical Change and Economic Invariance written by Ryuzo Sato and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of Technical Change and Economic Invariance: Application of Lie Groups presents the economic invariance problems observable behavior under general transformations such as taste change or technical change. This book covers a variety of topics in economic theory, ranging from the analysis of production functions to the general recoverability problem of optimal dynamic behavior. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the theory of observable behavior by analyzing the invariant relationships among economic variables. This text then examines the Lie group theory which provides one of the most efficient methods of studying invariance properties. Other chapters consider the analysis of exogenous technical change, a process partly due to dynamic market forces of supply and demand. This book discusses as well the topics closely related to parametric changes under Lie groups and related transformations. The final chapter deals with mathematical foundations of the theory of observable market behavior. This book is a valuable resource for economists.
Download or read book Scale Invariance written by Annick LESNE and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-04 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During a century, from the Van der Waals mean field description (1874) of gases to the introduction of renormalization group (RG techniques 1970), thermodynamics and statistical physics were just unable to account for the incredible universality which was observed in numerous critical phenomena. The great success of RG techniques is not only to solve perfectly this challenge of critical behaviour in thermal transitions but to introduce extremely useful tools in a wide field of daily situations where a system exhibits scale invariance. The introduction of scaling, scale invariance and universality concepts has been a significant turn in modern physics and more generally in natural sciences. Since then, a new "physics of scaling laws and critical exponents", rooted in scaling approaches, allows quantitative descriptions of numerous phenomena, ranging from phase transitions to earthquakes, polymer conformations, heartbeat rhythm, diffusion, interface growth and roughening, DNA sequence, dynamical systems, chaos and turbulence. The chapters are jointly written by an experimentalist and a theorist. This book aims at a pedagogical overview, offering to the students and researchers a thorough conceptual background and a simple account of a wide range of applications. It presents a complete tour of both the formal advances and experimental results associated with the notion of scaling, in physics, chemistry and biology.
Download or read book Invariance Principles and the Structure of Technology written by R. Sato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of Lie groups has proven to be a most powerful analytical tool in many areas of modern scientific endeavors. It was only a few years ago that economists discovered the usefulness of this approach in their study of the frontiers of modern economic theory. These frontiers include the areas of technical change and productivity, technology and preference, economic conservation laws, comparative statics and integrability conditions, index number problems, and the general theory of ~ observable market behavior (Sato [1980, 1981], Nono [1971], Sato and N~no [1983], Russell [1983]). 1 In Nono [1971] and Sa to [1981, Chapter 4] the concept of "G-neutral" (group neutral) technical change was first introduced as a natural extension of the well-known concepts of Hicks, Harrod, Solow and Sato-Beckmann-Rose neutrality. The present monograph contains a further extension of the G-neutral technical change to the case of non-constant-returns-to-scale technology and to the case of multiple factor inputs. The methodology of total productivity estimation by means of Lie group transformations is also developed in this monograph. We would like to express our sincere thanks to many individuals notably to Professor M. J. Beckmann, Professor F. Mimura, Professor G. Suzawa, T. Mitchell, K. Mino and P. Calem, for their numerous contributions at various stages of this work. We are also grateful to Marion Wathey for her usual superb typing of this difficult manuscript. Providence, R. I. , U. S. A.
Download or read book Scale Invariance and Beyond written by B. Dubrulle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an excellent introduction to the concept of scale invariance, which is a growing field of research with wide applications. It describes where and how symmetry under scale transformation (and its various forms of partial breakdown) can be used to analyze solutions of a problem without the need to explicitly solve it. The first part gives descriptions of tools and concepts; the second is devoted to recent attempts to go beyond the invariance or symmetry breaking, to discuss causes and consequences, and to extract useful information about the system. Examples are carefully worked out in fields as diverse as condensed matter physics, population dynamics, earthquake physics, turbulence, cosmology and finance.
Download or read book Sequential Change Point Analysis Based on Invariance Principles written by Alexander Aue and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Macroeconometric Model for Saudi Arabia written by Fakhri J. Hasanov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access Brief presents the KAPSARC Global Energy Macroeconometric Model (KGEMM). KGEMM is a policy analysis tool for examining the impacts of domestic policy measures and global economic and energy shocks on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The model has eight blocks (real sector, fiscal, monetary, external sector, price, labor and wages, energy, population, and age cohorts) that interact with each other to represent the Kingdom’s macroeconomy and energy linkages. It captures New Keynesian demand-side features anchored to medium-run equilibrium and long-run aggregate supply. It applies a cointegration and equilibrium correction modeling (ECM) methodology to time series data to estimate the model’s behavioral equations in the framework of Autometrics, a general-to-specific econometric modeling strategy. Hence, the model combines ‘theory-driven’ approach with ‘data-driven’ approach. The Brief begins with an introduction to the theoretical framework of the model and the KGEMM methodology and then walks the reader through the structure of the model and its behavioral equations. The book closes with simulations showing the application of the model. Providing a detailed introduction to a cutting-edge, robust predictive model, this Brief will be of great use to researchers and policymakers interested in macroeconomics, energy economics, econometrics, and more specifically, the economy of Saudi Arabia.
Download or read book Relativistic Quantum Invariance written by Chueng-Ryong Ji and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the invariant nature of the relativistic quantum field theories utilizing the idea of interpolating the instant form dynamics and the light-front dynamics. While the light-front dynamics (LFD) based on the light-front time was proposed by Dirac in 1949, there has not yet been a salient review on the connection between the LFD and the instant form dynamics (IFD) based on the ordinary time. By reviewing the connection between LFD and IFD using the idea of interpolating the two different forms of the relativistic dynamics, one can learn the distinguished features of each form and how one may utilize those distinguished features in solving the complicated relativistic quantum field theoretic problems more effectively. With the ongoing 12-GeV Jefferson Lab experiments, the internal structures of the nucleon and nuclei are vigorously investigated in particular using the physical observables defined in the LFD rather than in the IFD. This book offers a clear demonstration on why and how the LFD is more advantageous than the IFD for the study of hadron physics, illustrating the differences and similarities between these two distinguished forms of the dynamics. It aims at presenting the basic first-hand knowledge of the relativistic quantum field theories, describing why and how the different forms of dynamics (e.g., IFD and LFD) can emerge in them, connecting the IFD and the LFD using the idea of the interpolation, and demonstrating explicit examples of the interpolation in quantum electrodynamics and other field theories. While the level of presentation is planned mainly for the advanced undergraduate students and the beginning graduate students, the topics of the interpolation between the IFD and the LFD are innovative enough for even the experts in the field to appreciate its usefulness.
Download or read book Handbook of Developmental Research Methods written by Brett Laursen and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appropriate for use in developmental research methods or analysis of change courses, this is the first methods handbook specifically designed to meet the needs of those studying development. Leading developmental methodologists present cutting-edge analytic tools and describe how and when to use them, in accessible, nontechnical language. They also provide valuable guidance for strengthening developmental research with designs that anticipate potential sources of bias. Throughout the chapters, research examples demonstrate the procedures in action and give readers a better understanding of how to match research questions to developmental methods. The companion website (www.guilford.com/laursen-materials) supplies data and program syntax files for many of the chapter examples.
Download or read book Objectivity Invariance and Convention written by Talal A. Debs and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Publisher: "What does it mean to be lonely?" Thomas Dumm asks. His inquiry, documented in this book, takes us beyond social circumstances and into the deeper forces that shape our very existence as modern individuals. The modern individual, Dumm suggests, is fundamentally a lonely self. Through reflections on philosophy, political theory, literature, and tragic drama, he proceeds to illuminate a hidden dimension of the human condition. His book shows how loneliness shapes the contemporary division between public and private, our inability to live with each other honestly and in comity, the estranged forms that our intimate relationships assume, and the weakness of our common bonds. A reading of the relationship between Cordelia and her father in Shakespeare's King Lear points to the most basic dynamic of modern loneliness-how it is a response to the problem of the "missing mother." Dumm goes on to explore the most important dimensions of lonely experience-Being, Having, Loving, and Grieving. As the book unfolds, he juxtaposes new interpretations of iconic cultural texts-Moby-Dick, Death of a Salesman, the film Paris, Texas, Emerson's "Experience," to name a few-with his own experiences of loneliness, as a son, as a father, and as a grieving husband and widower. Written with deceptive simplicity, Loneliness as a Way of Life is something rare-an intellectual study that is passionately personal. It challenges us, not to overcome our loneliness, but to learn how to re-inhabit it in a better way. To fail to do so, this book reveals, will only intensify the power that it holds over us
Download or read book Invariance and Structural Dependence written by Jan Odelstad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a revised version of a doctoral thesis, submitted in mimeographed fonn to the Faculty of Arts, Uppsala University, 1988. It deals with the notions of struc tural dependence and independence, which are used in many applications of mathe matics to science. For instance, a physical law states that one physical aspect is structurally dependent on one or more other aspects. Structural dependence is closely related to the mathematical idea of functional dependence. However, struc tural dependence is primarily thought of as a relation holding between aspects rather than between their measures. In this book, the traditional way of treating aspects within measurement theory is modified. An aspect is not viewed as a set-theoretical structure but as a function which has sets as arguments and set-theoretical structures as values. This way of regarding aspects is illustrated with an application to social choice and group deci sion theory. Structural dependence is connected with the idea of concomitant variations and the mathematical notion of invariance. This implies that the study of this notion has roots going back to Mill's inductive logic, to Klein's Erlangen Program for geome try and to Padoa's method for proving the independence of symbols in formal logic.
Download or read book Making the Connection written by Marilyn Paula Carlson and published by MAA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in this volume convey insights from mathematics education research that have direct implications for anyone interested in improving teaching and learning in undergraduate mathematics. This synthesis of research on learning and teaching mathematics provides relevant information for any math department or individual faculty member who is working to improve introductory proof courses, the longitudinal coherence of precalculus through differential equations, students' mathematical thinking and problem-solving abilities, and students' understanding of fundamental ideas such as variable and rate of change. Other chapters include information about programs that have been successful in supporting students' continued study of mathematics. The authors provide many examples and ideas to help the reader infuse the knowledge from mathematics education research into mathematics teaching practice. University mathematicians and community college faculty spend much of their time engaged in work to improve their teaching. Frequently, they are left to their own experiences and informal conversations with colleagues to develop new approaches to support student learning and their continuation in mathematics. Over the past 30 years, research in undergraduate mathematics education has produced knowledge about the development of mathematical understandings and models for supporting students' mathematical learning. Currently, very little of this knowledge is affecting teaching practice. We hope that this volume will open a meaningful dialogue between researchers and practitioners toward the goal of realizing improvements in undergraduate mathematics curriculum and instruction.
Download or read book Measurement Invariance written by Rens Van De Schoot and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-item surveys are frequently used to study scores on latent factors, like human values, attitudes and behavior. Such studies often include a comparison, between specific groups of individuals, either at one or multiple points in time. If such latent factor means are to be meaningfully compared, the measurement structures including the latent factor and their survey items should be stable across groups and/or over time, that is ‘invariant’. Recent developments in statistics have provided new analytical tools for assessing measurement invariance (MI). The aim of this special issue is to provide a forum for a discussion of MI, covering some crucial ‘themes’: (1) ways to assess and deal with measurement non-invariance; (2) Bayesian and IRT methods employing the concept of approximate measurement invariance; and (3) new or adjusted approaches for testing MI to fit increasingly complex statistical models and specific characteristics of survey data. The special issue started with a kick-off meeting where all potential contributors shared ideas on potential papers. This expert workshop was organized at Utrecht University in The Netherlands and was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-VENI-451-11-008). After the kick-off meeting the authors submitted their papers, all of which were reviewed by experts in the field. The papers in the eBook are listed in alphabetical order, but in the editorial the papers are introduced thematically. Although it is impossible to cover all areas of relevant research in the field of MI, papers in this eBook provide insight on important aspects of measurement invariance. We hope that the discussions included in this special issue will stimulate further research on MI and facilitate further discussions to support the understanding of the role of MI in multi-item surveys.
Download or read book Assessing Measurement Invariance for Applied Research written by Craig S. Wells and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the practical application of statistical techniques for assessing measurement invariance with less emphasis on theoretical development or exposition. Instead, it describes the methods using a pedagogical framework followed by extensive illustrations that demonstrate how to use software to analyze real data. The chapters illustrate the practical methods to assess measurement invariance and shows how to apply them to a range of data. The computer syntax and data sets used in this book are available for download here: people.umass.edu/cswells.
Download or read book Validity of Educational Assessments in Chile and Latin America written by Jorge Manzi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-11 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents a systematic analysis of conceptual, methodological and applied aspects related to the validation of educational tests used in Latin American countries. Inspired by international standards on educational measurement and evaluation, this book illustrates efforts that have been made in several countries to validate different types of educational assessments, including student learning assessments, measurements of non-cognitive aspects in students, teacher evaluations, and tests for certification and selection. It gathers the experience of validity studies from the main international assessments in Latin America (PISA, TIMSS, ERCE, and ICCS). Additionally, it shows the challenges that must be taken into account when evaluations are used to compare countries, groups or trends of achievement over time. The book builds on the premise that measurements in the educational field should not be used if there are no studies that support the validity of the interpretation of their scores, or the use made of such tests. It shows that, despite the recognition given to validity, relatively few educational measurement assessments have accumulated enough evidence to support their interpretation and use. In doing so, this volume increases awareness about the relevance of validity, especially when assessments are key component of educational policies.
Download or read book A Day in the Life of a Happy Worker written by Arnold B. Bakker and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection brings together some of the leading researchers in the study of the daily experience of work and daily well-being. The book covers both theoretical and methodological issues involved in studying workers' well-being as it evolves on a daily basis. Interest in the topic of daily fluctuations in worker well-being has grown rapidly over the past ten years. This is partly because of advances in research and statistical methods, but also because researchers have found that the psychological processes that influence well-being play out from moment to moment, and from day to day. Topics covered in this book include: The theoretical basis of studying work as a series of daily episodes Assessment of different components of daily well-being Factors involved in the regulation of well-being at work Qualitative and quantitative diary experience sampling and event reconstruction methods Latent growth curve modelling of diary data The final chapter of the book includes a preview of how daily methods may evolve in the future. Intended as a guide for researchers with good knowledge of field research methods, the book will be particularly useful to researchers of work-related phenomena who seek to expand their knowledge of dynamic methods in field contexts, and those who want to start using these methods. It will also be of interest to students of work psychology and organisational behaviour, and related disciplines.
Download or read book Geometry and Invariance in Stochastic Dynamics written by Stefania Ugolini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book grew out of the Random Transformations and Invariance in Stochastic Dynamics conference held in Verona from the 25th to the 28th of March 2019 in honour of Sergio Albeverio. It presents the new area of studies concerning invariance and symmetry properties of finite and infinite dimensional stochastic differential equations.This area constitutes a natural, much needed, extension of the theory of classical ordinary and partial differential equations, where the reduction theory based on symmetry and invariance of such classical equations has historically proved to be very important both for theoretical and numerical studies and has given rise to important applications. The purpose of the present book is to present the state of the art of the studies on stochastic systems from this point of view, present some of the underlying fundamental ideas and methods involved, and to outline the main lines for future developments. The main focus is on bridging the gap between deterministic and stochastic approaches, with the goal of contributing to the elaboration of a unified theory that will have a great impact both from the theoretical point of view and the point of view of applications. The reader is a mathematician or a theoretical physicist. The main discipline is stochastic analysis with profound ideas coming from Mathematical Physics and Lie’s Group Geometry. While the audience consists essentially of academicians, the reader can also be a practitioner with Ph.D., who is interested in efficient stochastic modelling.
