Download or read book Challenging US Country of Origin Labeling at the World Trade Organization written by Alison L. Sawka and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Challenging US country of origin labeling at the World Trade Organization written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marking of Country of Origin on U S Imports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Country Of Origin Labeling for Foods and the Wto Trade Dispute on Meat Labeling written by Congressional Research Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most retail food stores are now required to inform consumers about the country of origin of fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, shellfish, peanuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, ginseng, and ground and muscle cuts of beef, pork, lamb, chicken, and goat. The rules are required by the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) as amended by the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246). Other U.S. laws have required such labeling, but only for imported food products already pre-packaged for consumers. The final rule to implement country-of-origin labeling (COOL) took effect on March 16, 2009. Both the authorization and implementation of COOL by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) have been controversial, particularly the labeling rules for meat and meat products. A number of livestock and food industry groups continue to oppose COOL as costly and unnecessary, and they and the main livestock exporters to the United States-Canada and Mexico-view the requirement as trade-distorting. Others, including some cattle and consumer groups, maintain that Americans want and deserve to know the origin of their foods. Less than one year after the COOL rules took effect, Canada and Mexico challenged them in the World Trade Organization (WTO), arguing that COOL has a trade-distorting impact by reducing the value and number of cattle and hogs shipped to the U.S. market, thus violating WTO trade commitments. In November 2011, the WTO dispute settlement (DS) panel found that (1) COOL treats imported livestock less favorably than U.S. livestock, and (2) COOL does not meet its objective to provide complete information to consumers on the origin of meat products. In March 2012, the United States appealed the WTO ruling. In June 2012 the WTO's Appellate Body (AB) upheld the DS panel's finding that COOL treats imported livestock less favorably than domestic livestock. But the AB reversed the finding that COOL does not fulfill its legitimate objective to provide consumers with information on origin. The Obama Administration welcomed the AB's affirmation of the U.S. right to adopt labeling requirements to inform consumers on the origin of their meat. Participants in the U.S. livestock sector had mixed reactions, reflecting the ongoing heated debate on COOL. A WTO arbitrator set May 23, 2013, as the deadline for the United States to comply with the WTO findings. To comply, USDA issued a revised COOL rule requiring that labels show where each production step (born, raised, slaughtered) occurs and prohibiting the commingling of muscle-cut meat from different origins. COOL's supporters applauded the revised rule for providing consumers with specific and more useful information on origin. Opponents of COOL argue that the revised rule is more discriminatory than the original rule and imposes additional recordkeeping burdens on processors and retailers, and in turn, additional costs on consumers. In July 2013, opponents filed suit to stop USDA from implementing the revised COOL rule, but in September 2013 they were denied their request for a preliminary injunction against the rule. Opponents appealed during 2014, but the courts denied all requests. Canada and Mexico expressed disappointment with USDA's revised rule, and argued that it does not bring the United States into compliance. In September 2013, a compliance panel was formed to determine if the final COOL rule complies with WTO agreements. On October 20, 2014, the panel found that the revised COOL rule altered competition and thus treated imported livestock less favorably than domestic livestock. The panel confirmed that COOL is a legitimate objective, but could not determine if the rule was more trade restrictive than necessary. The parties have 60 days to appeal any of the compliance panel rulings.
Download or read book Country Of Origin Labeling for Foods and the WTO Trade Dispute on Meat Labeling written by Remy Jurenas and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most retail food stores are now required to inform consumers about the country of origin of fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, shellfish, peanuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, ginseng, and ground and muscle cuts of beef, pork, lamb, chicken, and goat. The rules are required by the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) as amended by the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246). Other U.S. laws have required such labeling, but only for imported food products already pre-packaged for consumers. The final rule to implement COOL took effect on March 16, 2009. Both the authorization and implementation of country-of-origin labeling (COOL) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service have been controversial. Much attention has focused on the labeling rules that now apply to meat and meat products. A number of livestock and food industry groups continue to oppose COOL as costly and unnecessary. They and the main livestock exporters to the United States—Canada and Mexico—view the requirement as trade-distorting. Others, including some cattle and consumer groups, maintain that Americans want and deserve to know the origin of their foods, and point out that many U.S. trading partners have their own import labeling requirements. Less than one year after the COOL rules took effect, Canada and Mexico used the World Trade Organization's (WTO's) trade dispute resolution process to challenge some features that apply to labeling meat. Both countries argued that COOL has a trade-distorting impact by reducing the value and number of cattle and hogs shipped to the U.S. market. For this reason, they argued that COOL violates WTO trade commitments agreed to by the United States. On November 18, 2011, a WTO dispute settlement (DS) panel found that (1) COOL treats imported livestock less favorably than like U.S. livestock (particularly in the labeling of beef and pork muscle cuts), and (2) COOL does not meet its objective to provide complete information to consumers on the origin of meat products. The panel reached these conclusions by examining the economic effects of the measures taken by U.S. livestock producers and meat processors to implement COOL, and by accepting arguments that the way meat is labeled to indicate where the multiple steps of livestock birth, raising, and slaughtering occurred is confusing. On March 23, 2012, the United States appealed the panel report to the WTO Appellate Body (AB). On June 29, 2012, the AB upheld the DS panel's finding that the COOL measure treats imported Canadian cattle and hogs, and imported Mexican cattle, less favorably than like domestic livestock, because of its record-keeping and verification requirements. The AB, however, reversed the panel's finding that COOL does not fulfill its legitimate objective to provide consumers with information on origin. The Obama Administration welcomed the AB's affirmation of the U.S. right to adopt labeling requirements to inform consumers on the origin of the meat they purchase, but did not signal what steps might be considered to address the 'less favorable treatment' finding. Participants in the U.S. livestock sector had mixed reactions, reflecting the heated debate on COOL that occurred over the last decade. Two consumer groups expressed concern that this WTO decision further undermines U.S. consumer protections. If the United States decides to bring COOL into compliance with the AB finding, WTO rules call for that to occur within a reasonable period of time. Options would be to consider regulatory and/or statutory changes to the COOL regulations and/or law. If the United States does not comply, Canada and Mexico would have the right to seek compensation or retaliate against imports from the United States.
Download or read book United States Certain Country Of Origin Labelling COOL Requirements written by World Trade Organization and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Country of Origin Labeling and Trade Retaliation written by Nutrition and Forestry United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry United States Senate and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-11-29 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Country of origin labeling (COOL) is a landmark law. It empowers consumers to know where their food comes from. It is supported by America's family farmers and ranchers who proudly raise the world's safest, most abundant, most affordable food, and we are proud of them for doing that. While COOL has always enjoyed broad bipartisan support in the United State Senate, it's passage has created trade compliance issue with member states of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Almost immediately upon implementation of the mandatory regulations, Canada and Mexico filed suit with the WTO. In 2011, the WTO ruled in favor of Canada and Mexico, finding that the U.S. requirements were in violation of the WTO commitments by treating the Canadian and Mexican livestock less favorably than U.S. livestock. Later that year, the U.S. appealed the ruling, but in 2012, the WTO affirmed that the United States was in violation. In 2014, the WTO came back with another decision affirming for the third time the claims of discrimination brought by Canada and Mexico. The Congress, the impacted industries, and the regulators at the Department of Agriculture have put in endless efforts over the past three decades to make mandatory COOL viable. However, that objective has not been reached and has cost the U.S. billions of dollars.
Download or read book Complying with the Made in USA Standard written by United States. Federal Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Countryoforigin labeling opportunities for USDA and industry to implement challenging aspects of the new law report to congressional requesters written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Country of origin Labeling written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economics of Food Labeling Scholar s Choice Edition written by Elise Golan and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Importing Into the United States written by U. S. Customs and Border Protection and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
Download or read book Country of Origin Meat Labeling Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Trade Organizations written by Ramello Thornton and published by Scientific e-Resources. This book was released on 2019-09-08 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental Organization that regulates international trade. The WTO officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, signed by 123 nations on 15 April 1994, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948. It is the largest international economic Organization in the world. The WTO deals with regulation of trade in goods, services and intellectual property between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments. Most of the issues that the WTO focuses on derive from previous trade negotiations, especially from the Uruguay Round (1986-1994). The present book is a result of deep research conducted on the topic of World Trade Organization. It is in continuation to the earlier works by the author on the contemporary trends of WTO with special emphasis laid on the politics of regional trading blocs in this book. The ever expanding consensus on the co-existence of politics and economics is evident from the treatment of the topic on WTO. The book thus unfolds the deficiencies and imbalances witnessed under the WTO system, and points to the critical choices to be made by the member nations of WTO in future negotiations.
Download or read book Country of Origin Labeling Amendments Act of 2015 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Status of the World Trade Organization Negotiations on Agriculture written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The WTO written by Lori Wallach and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2011-01-04 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this groundbreaking pamphlet, directors of Ralph Nader's Public Citizen group examine the first five years of the World Trade Organization's track record, demonstrating how the WTO aims to create a new global economic system that increases corporate profit with little regard for social and ecological impacts, or democratically enacted law. Wallach and Sforza make clear recommendations for altering the undemocratic course that the WTO imposes on democratic society.
