Download or read book Challenges of Pharmacoeconomics in Global Health Arena written by Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pace of globalization has significantly accelerated since the end of the Cold War Era in 1989. These changes profoundly affected health care systems worldwide. Health policy makers increasingly started facing new harsh challenges in their uneasy task to provide universal health coverage and decent equity of access to medical services. Among the most prominent demand-side issues are extended longevity joined with population aging, rise of non-communicable diseases, and growing patient expectations. Supply-side causes are gains in societal welfare and living standards, technological innovation in medicine and continuing rapid urbanization in developing world regions. Successful insurance-based risk sharing agreements made drug dispensing and medical service provision cheap or virtually free at the point of consumption in most OECD and many middle-income countries. Coupled with massive build-up of workforce capacities and strengthening of primary care and hospital networks, all these factors contributed to the “supplier induced demand” phenomenon. There is straightforward historical evidence of long-term growth in pharmaceutical and overall health spending both in absolute and GDP% terms worldwide. The accumulated constraints deriving from skyrocketing costs of care were felt in many areas of clinical medicine even among the richest societies. Cardinal examples of expensive and hardly affordable therapeutic areas are orphan drugs indicated to treat rare diseases and targeted biologicals used in autoimmune disorders and cancer. Last but not least, is troubled and frequently denied access to even essential generic pharmaceuticals still taking place in many nations. This appears to be particularly the case among the world's poor and under-served citizens residing in rural and suburban areas of low- and middle-income countries. To a large extent, these difficulties are worsened by lack of evidence-based resource allocation strategies and less sustainable financing strategies.

Download or read book Pharmacoeconomics written by Renee J. G. Arnold and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry is almost boundless in its ability to supply new drug therapies, but how does one decide which are the best medicines to use within restricted budgets? With particular emphasis on modeling, methodologies, data sources, and application to real-world dilemmas, Pharmacoeconomics: From Theory to Practice provides an introduc

Download or read book Global Health and the Future Role of the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency â€" both within the U.S. government and across the global health field.

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare written by Adam Bohr and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-21 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare is more than a comprehensive introduction to artificial intelligence as a tool in the generation and analysis of healthcare data. The book is split into two sections where the first section describes the current healthcare challenges and the rise of AI in this arena. The ten following chapters are written by specialists in each area, covering the whole healthcare ecosystem. First, the AI applications in drug design and drug development are presented followed by its applications in the field of cancer diagnostics, treatment and medical imaging. Subsequently, the application of AI in medical devices and surgery are covered as well as remote patient monitoring. Finally, the book dives into the topics of security, privacy, information sharing, health insurances and legal aspects of AI in healthcare. Highlights different data techniques in healthcare data analysis, including machine learning and data mining Illustrates different applications and challenges across the design, implementation and management of intelligent systems and healthcare data networks Includes applications and case studies across all areas of AI in healthcare data

Download or read book Developing Global Health Programming written by Jessica Evert, Paul Drain, Thomas Hall and published by LULU. This book was released on 2014 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing Global Health Programming: A Guidebook for Medical and Professional Schools, 2nd edition is an essential text for any academic institution, administrator, faculty, or student interested in developing or expanding global health education and international programs. This text expands on the 1st edition and provides a comprehensive view of global health education that is useful for medical, nursing, dental, public health, and other professional schools. This book provides evidence, theory, and practical information to guide astute program development and gold standard practices. Topics covered include ethics, pre-departure training, competencies, partnership structures, and much more. In addition, need-to-know resources and networking opportunities are detailed. This authoritative text has over 90 contributors, including trainee authors guided by faculty editors through a mentorship model. Foreword by Andre Jacques Neusy, Co-Founder & CEO, Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet)

Download or read book Information Resources in Toxicology Volume 2 The Global Arena written by Steve Gilbert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new fifth edition of Information Resources in Toxicology offers a consolidated entry portal for the study, research, and practice of toxicology. Both volumes represents a unique, wide-ranging, curated, international, annotated bibliography, and directory of major resources in toxicology and allied fields such as environmental and occupational health, chemical safety, and risk assessment. The editors and authors are among the leaders of the profession sharing their cumulative wisdom in toxicology’s subdisciplines. This edition keeps pace with the digital world in directing and linking readers to relevant websites and other online tools. Due to the increasing size of the hardcopy publication, the current edition has been divided into two volumes to make it easier to handle and consult. Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools, arranged in 5 parts, begins with chapters on the science of toxicology, its history, and informatics framework in Part 1. Part 2 continues with chapters organized by more specific subject such as cancer, clinical toxicology, genetic toxicology, etc. The categorization of chapters by resource format, for example, journals and newsletters, technical reports, organizations constitutes Part 3. Part 4 further considers toxicology’s presence via the Internet, databases, and software tools. Among the miscellaneous topics in the concluding Part 5 are laws and regulations, professional education, grants and funding, and patents. Volume 2: The Global Arena offers contributed chapters focusing on the toxicology contributions of over 40 countries, followed by a glossary of toxicological terms and an appendix of popular quotations related to the field. The book, offered in both print and electronic formats, is carefully structured, indexed, and cross-referenced to enable users to easily find answers to their questions or serendipitously locate useful knowledge they were not originally aware they needed. Among the many timely topics receiving increased emphasis are disaster preparedness, nanotechnology, -omics, risk assessment, societal implications such as ethics and the precautionary principle, climate change, and children’s environmental health. Opens with an overview of the international toxicology scene, organizations and activities involved with both the science and regulatory framework, and a specific look at the European Union’s efforts Offers an extensive collection of chapters covering over 40 countries and their toxicological infrastructure which includes listings of major books and journals, organizations, professional societies, universities, poison control centers, legislation, and online databases Provides the Second Edition of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry’s Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology, a carefully constructed and peer reviewed collation of critical terms in the science Concludes with a potpourri of quotes concerning toxicology and their use in the arts and popular culture Paired with Volume One, which offers chapters on a host of toxicology sub-disciplines, this set offers the most comprehensive compendium of print, digital, and organizational resources in the toxicological sciences with over120 chapters contributions by experts and leaders in the field

Download or read book Discrete Event Simulation for Health Technology Assessment written by J. Jaime Caro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to make all the central concepts of discrete event simulation relevant for health technology assessment. Accessible to beginners, the book requires no prerequisites and describes the concepts with as little jargon as possible. It presents essential concepts, a fully worked out implementation example, approaches to analyze the simulations, the development of the required equations, model verification techniques, and validation. The book also covers various special topics and includes a real case study involving screening strategies for breast cancer surveillance.

Download or read book Health Policy Reform in China written by Jiwei Qian and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the existing literature on health system reform in China deals with only one part of the reform process (for example, financing reform in rural areas, or the new system of purchasing pharmaceuticals), or consists of empirical case studies from particular cities or regions. This book gives a broad overview of the process of health system reform in China. It draws extensively both on the Western literature in health economics and on the experience of health care reform in a number of other countries, including the US, UK, Holland, and Japan, and compares China''s approach to health care reform with other countries. It also places the process of health system reform in the context of re-orienting China''s economic policy to place greater emphasis on equity and income distribution, and analyzes the interaction of the central and local governments in designing and implementing the reforms. This book will be of interest to policymakers, academics, students of health economics, health policy and health administration, and people who are interested in Chinese social policy. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Health Policy in China: Introduction and Background (189 KB). Contents: Introduction: Health Policy in China: Introduction and Background; Health Systems and Health Reform: International Models; Main Components of Health Reform: Strengthening China''s Social Insurance System; Providing Primary Care; The Hospital Sector and Hospital Reform; China''s National Drug Policy: A Work in Progress; Health Care and Harmonious Development in China: Health Policy and Inequality; Decentralized Government, Central-Local Fiscal Relations, and Health Reform; China''s Health System in the Future: Health Services in the Future: Social Insurance and Purchasing; China''s Future Health Care System: A Mixed Public-Private Model?. Readership: Policy makers, academics, students of health economics, health policy, and health administration, and people who are interested in Chinese social policy.

Download or read book Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes written by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.

Download or read book Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics written by Karen Rascati and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2013-11-14 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This new text is designed for a student or practitioner who is unfamiliar with "pharmacoeconomics." It provides a straightforward explanation of the essential pharmacoeconomics topics outlined by The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE). It defines terminology used in research and covers the application of economic-based evaluation methods for pharmaceutical products and services. Users will find examples of how pharmacoeconomic evaluations relate to decisions that affect patient care and health-related quality of life"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book A Systematic Review of Key Issues in Public Health written by Stefania Boccia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wide-ranging study reviews the state of public health worldwide and presents informed recommendations for real-world solutions. Identifying the most urgent challenges in the field, from better understanding the causes of acute diseases and chronic conditions to reducing health inequities, it reports on cost-effective, science-based, ethically sound interventions. Chapters demonstrate bedrock skills essential to developing best practices, including flexible thinking for entrenched problems, conducting health impact assessments, and working with decision-makers. From these current findings come long-term practice and policy goals for preventing disease, promoting health, and improving quality of life, both locally and globally. A sampling of the topics covered: · Health trends of communicable diseases. · Epidemiology of cancer and principles of prevention. · Respiratory diseases and health disorders related to indoor and outdoor air pollution. · Public health gerontology and active aging. · Migrant and ethnic minority health. · Public health genomics. A Systematic Review of Key Issues in Public Health offers graduate students in the discipline a firm grasp on the field as it presently stands, and a clear set of directions for its potential future.

Download or read book Using Discrete Choice Experiments to Value Health and Health Care written by Mandy Ryan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work takes a fresh and contemporary look at the growing interest in the development and application of discrete choice experiments (DCEs) within the field of health economics. The book comprises chapters by highly regarded academics with experience of applying DCEs in the area of health. Thus the book is relevant to post-graduate students and applied researchers with an interest in the use of DCEs for valuing health and health care and has international appeal.

Download or read book Risks and Challenges in Medical Tourism written by Jill R. Hodges and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary international team examines the safety, ethics, and health implications of the emerging global market for health care, and the issues that arise when patients cross borders for medical procedures they cannot afford or access at home, from liposuction to kidney transplants. Risks and Challenges in Medical Tourism: Understanding the Global Market for Health Services provides an in-depth, comprehensive assessment of the benefits and risks when health care becomes a global commodity. The collection includes contributions from leading scholars in law and public policy, medicine and public health, bioethics, anthropology, health geography, and economics. This timely and informative handbook looks at medical tourism from the perspective of some of the major regions that send and receive medical tourists, including the United States, the European Union, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Contributors examine how government agencies, medical tourism companies, international hospital chains, and other organizations promote medical tourism and the globalization of health care. The topics explored include the legal remedies available to medical tourists when procedures go awry; potential consequences when patients cross borders for medical procedures that are illegal in their home countries; the relationship of medical tourism to international spread of infectious disease; and the lack of adequate transnational policies and regulations governing the global market for health services.

Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Public Mental Health written by Dinesh Bhugra and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-13 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prevention of mental illness and mental health promotion have often been ignored in the past, both in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. Recently, however, there has been a clear shift towards public mental health, as a result of increasing scientific evidence that both these actions have a serious potential to reduce the onset of illness and subsequent burden as a result of mental illness and related social, economic and political costs. A clear distinction between prevention of mental illness and mental health promotion is critical. Selective prevention, both at societal and individual level, is an important way forward. The Oxford Textbook of Public Mental Health brings together the increasing interest in public mental health and the growing emphasis on the prevention of mental ill health and promotion of well-being into a single comprehensive textbook. Comprising international experiences of mental health promotion and mental well-being, chapters are supplemented with practical examples and illustrations to provide the most relevant information succinctly. This book will serve as an essential resource for mental and public health professionals, as well as for commissioners of services, nurses and community health visitors.

Download or read book Hospital Based Health Technology Assessment written by Laura Sampietro-Colom and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-23 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely work describing how localized hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) complements general, ‘arms-length’ HTA agency efforts, and what has been the collective global impact of HB-HTA across the globe. While HB-HTA has gained significant momentum over the past few years, expertise in the field, and information on the operation and organization of HB-HTA, has been scattered. This book serves to bring this information together to inform those who are currently working in the field of HTA at the hospital, regional, national or global level. In addition, this book is intended for decision-makers and policy-makers with a stake in determining the uptake and decommissioning of new and established technologies in the hospital setting. HTA has traditionally been performed at the National/Regional level by HTA Agencies, typically linked to governments. Yet hospitals are the main entry door for most health technologies (HTs). Hospital decision-makers must undertake multiple high stakes investment and disinvestment decisions annually for innovative HTs, usually without adequate information. Despite the existence of arms-length HTA Agencies, inadequate information is available to hospital decision-makers either because relevant HTA reports are not yet released at the time of entry of new technologies to the field, or because even when the report exists, the information contained is insufficient to clarify the contextualized informational needs of hospital decision makers. Therefore, there has recently been a rising trend toward hospital-based HTA units and programs. These units/programs complement the work of National/Regional HTA Agencies by providing the key and relevant evidence needed by hospital decision makers in their specific hospital context, and within required decision-making timelines. The emergence of HB-HTA is creating a comprehensive HTA ecosystem across health care levels, which creates better bridges for knowledge translation through relevance and timeliness.

Download or read book Compounded Topical Pain Creams written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pain is both a symptom and a disease. It manifests in multiple forms and its treatment is complex. Physical, social, economic, and emotional consequences of pain can impair an individual's overall health, well-being, productivity, and relationships in myriad ways. The impact of pain at a population level is vast and, while estimates differ, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 50 million U.S. adults are living in pain. In terms of pain's global impact, estimates suggest the problem affects approximately 1 in 5 adults across the world, with nearly 1 in 10 adults newly diagnosed with chronic pain each year. In recent years, the issues surrounding the complexity of pain management have contributed to increased demand for alternative strategies for treating pain. One such strategy is to expand use of topical pain medicationsâ€"medications applied to intact skin. This nonoral route of administration for pain medication has the potential benefit, in theory, of local activity and fewer systemic side effects. Compounding is an age-old pharmaceutical practice of combining, mixing, or adjusting ingredients to create a tailored medication to meet the needs of a patient. The aim of compounding, historically, has been to provide patients with access to therapeutic alternatives that are safe and effective, especially for people with clinical needs that cannot otherwise be met by commercially available FDA-approved drugs. Compounded Topical Pain Creams explores issues regarding the safety and effectiveness of the ingredients in these pain creams. This report analyzes the available scientific data relating to the ingredients used in compounded topical pain creams and offers recommendations regarding the treatment of patients.

Download or read book Understanding Health Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomics written by George E. MacKinnon III and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Health Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomics presents an overview of the tools used to assess patient-related health status including associated health outcomes and the analyses that are used to determine cost-effectiveness in evaluating pharmacotherapeutic interventions to improve health. Including data and examples from several different countries, this comprehensive text will help students understand the basis for decisions made at the local and governmental level that impact the use of pharmaceuticals and provide a strong foundation for understanding the principles used in cost-effective decision making. With commentaries, cases studies, and highlighting international differences, this text concludes with a discussion of the need for a universal system for documenting medication use. Understanding Health Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomics provides definitions of comparative effectiveness research (CER) and comparisons of pharmacoeconomic models (including cost-effectivess, cost-benefit, and cost utility analyses). This inclusive text provides describes how CER is linked to various pharmacoeconomic models by providing examples from clinical trials with comparative pharmacotherapy and cost parameters. From the Introduction: "The need for interprofessional education was made apparent in the 2003 Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality report. All healthcare professionals must be educated to deliver patient-centered care as members of an interprofessional team, emphasizing evidence-based practice, quality improvement approaches, and informatics. An enhanced understanding of pharmacoeconomic principles is a step in the right direction for healthcare practitioners as we do our best to ensure optimal medication therapy outcomes for patients and society at-large." -- George E. MacKinnon III, PhD, RPh, FASHP