Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Download or read book Cerebral Haemodynamic Impairment written by Tnu Rtsep and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2009-11 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral vasospasm has been recognized as a cause of delayed cerebral ischaemia and as one of the adverse prognostic factors in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. As the risk of cerebral ischaemia is difficult to estimate by the severity of vasospasm alone, application of the concept of cerebral haemodynamic impairment might contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of ischaemic brain damage after cerebral aneurysm rupture. This book describes clear associations between the haemodynamic factors and development of delayed cerebral ischaemia or an unfavourable clinical outcome. In patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, close evaluation of haemodynamic impairment should be considered as an opportunity to identify the patients endangered by the development cerebral ischaemia due to vasospasm.
Download or read book Stimulated Cerebral Blood Flow written by Peter Schmiedek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Das vorliegende Buch enth{lt die Beitr{ge eines internatio- nalen Symposiumszum Thema "Stimulierte Hirndurchblutung". Vorgestellt werden zun{chst neue Erkenntnisse zur Regulation der Hinrdurchblutung. Im 2. Abschnitt kommen verschiedene Methoden zur Messung der Hirndurchblutung zur Sprache, die sowohl unter experimentellen als auch unter klinischen Be- dingungengetestet wurden. Es folgt ein Abschnitt, der ver- schiedene M|glichkeiten zur Stimulation der Hirndurchblutung aufzeigt. Im letzten Abschnitt wird aufdie Bedeutung der stimulierten Hirndurchblutungsmessung zur Bestimmung der ce- rebrovascul{ren Reservekapazit{ten hingewiesen. Dieser Para- meter hat nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen klinisch- praktische Bedeutung, beispielsweise f}r die Indikations- stellung bei cerebrovascul{ren Eingriffen zur Isch{mie-Pro- phylaxe.
Download or read book Intracranial Hemodynamic Compensation Mechanisms in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease written by Jennifer Morgan Watchmaker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism and Head Trauma written by Christian W. Kreipke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-07 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written to satisfy a wide audience, from basic scientist to clinical researcher, this volume explores such varied concepts as: the influence of CBF in the pathotrajectory of TBI, modeling TBI as a means to understand underlying pathological states associated with brain injury victims, disrupted vasculature following head trauma and advanced imaging techniques, vasoreactive substances underlying disrupted blood flow, the role of age and sex on injury outcome, and the latest pre-clinical rationale for focusing on CBF and strategies to improve blood flow as a means to improve outcome in patients suffering the effects of TBI.
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow written by Jan Marinus Minderhoud and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke written by Sarah T. Pendlebury and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessible handbook covering the investigation, diagnosis and management of transient ischemic attacks and minor strokes.
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow written by James H. Wood and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1987 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinical Haemorheology written by Fumio Gotō and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manual of Neurosonology written by László Csiba and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurosonology is non-invasive, portable, and has excellent temporal resolution, making it a valuable and increasingly popular tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological conditions when compared to other imaging techniques. This guide looks beyond the use of neurovascular ultrasound in stroke to encompass a wide range of other neurological diseases and emergencies. It offers a practical approach to the examination of patients, interpretation of ultrasound studies, and the application of neurosonology to the development of management and treatment strategies. Each chapter incorporates a thorough and clear procedural methodology alongside scanning tips for trainees; this step-by-step approach is further enhanced by example images and focused diagnostic questions. Authored and edited by international experts, this practical manual of neurosonology is an invaluable resource for neurologists, neurosurgeons, intensivists, radiologists, and ultrasonographers.
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Measurement written by Alexander Hartmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 1985 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the present time several techniques are available for studying quantitatively global and regional blood flow and metabolism of the human brain. How ever, many scientists working in the clinical and research field who would like to use these tools for their investigations may be less familiar with the indi cations and limitations of the individual methods. The rapid development of both modern imaging techniques and new tracers may have led to some con fusion in answering the question as to which method is appropriate to solve the diagnostic problem of an individuum with brain disease. Scepticism and ignorance as to the methods to be used as tools in differential diagnosis of brain disorders may have prevented their widespread introduction into clinical practice. Thus, the significance of circulatory and metabolic parameters involved in the majority of diseases of the central nervous system may have been overlooked. The contributions compiled in this book describe in detail the individual techniques, outline their indications and limitations and deal in particular with newer methods such as the atraumatic 133Xe technique, stable xenon tomogra phy, three-dimensional techniques such as 133Xe single photon emission tomog raphy and N-isopropyl-P23-iodoamphetamine. Positron emission tomography studies provide information on function and metabolism, particularly that of oxygen and glucose, in regional brain areas of interest. Nuclear magnetic reso nance may be a promising method for studying metabolic parameters; however, accurate circulation measurements can not be performed at present.
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism written by Lars Edvinsson and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1993 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text aims to provide the reader with a complete understanding of the anatomical, physiological and pharmacological bases of the cerebral circulation, its regulation in health and disease and the pathophysiological disturbances occurring in cerebrovascular disorders.
Download or read book Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases written by K. Michael Welch and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-04-24 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases is a handy reference source for scientists, students, and physicians needing reliable, up-to-date information on basic mechanisms, physiology, pathophysiology, and medical issues related to brain vasculature. The book consists of short, specific chapters written by international experts on cerebral vasculature, and presents the information in a comprehensive and easily accessible manner. The book also contains valuable information on practical applications of basic research. Presents topics in a comprehensive and accessible format Written by international authorities on cerebral vasculature Provides practical applications for researchers
Download or read book Vascular Mechanisms in CNS Trauma written by Eng H. Lo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there are a number of books on the market that deal with neuronal mechanisms and targets, the proposed book will be the only one to cover the vascular aspects of CNS trauma. The contributing authors will present basic mechanisms, explain cutting-edge experimental models and techniques, and provide several clinical chapters that provide treating physicians with some insight on the cases that they see in the ICU. The table of contents is diverse and comprehensive with chapters on molecular mechanisms, physiology, pharmacology, stem cells, genomics and proteomics, in vivo MRI and PET, as well as the clinical management of vascular parameters.
Download or read book Impaired Cerebral Hemodynamics in Obstructive Sleep Apnea written by Benedicte Ersted Jensen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Cerebral Hemodynamic Imaging in Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Zahra Shirzadi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a pathological change that occurs in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Whether cerebrovascular dysfunction is a cause, consequence, or co-pathology of neurodegeneration remains a topic of research debate. There is, however, an agreement on the important role of cerebrovascular measures in neurodegeneration progression. This thesis investigated arterial spin-labeled (ASL) and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI to characterize cerebral hemodynamics in adults with a range of clinical symptoms related to neurodegeneration. The first study of this thesis developed an ASL postprocessing quality enhancement algorithm. My proposed algorithm resulted in higher quality blood flow images, i.e. higher similarity with nuclear medicine-based blood flow imaging. I conclude that there is an opportunity to implement this algorithm to improve clinical ASL. The second study investigated whether a single ASL summary measure can distinguish cognitively unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease groups. I found that spatial variability of blood flow images is increased in the cognitively impaired groups. Moreover, spatial variability of blood flow contributed to cognitive group classification after adjusting for established neuroimaging markers of Alzheimer's, e.g. structural changes and protein markers. The third study investigated the temporal variability of BOLD signal among adults with Parkinson's disease. I found that temporal variability of blood flow alongside with dopamine deficiency explain between-subject variability in clinical symptoms. The findings of this thesis 1) help to establish best practices in postprocessing of ASL and BOLD images in cohorts with neurodegenerative diseases, and 2) reveal that non-invasive MRI-based hemodynamic features can be used to explain clinical symptoms in the spectrum of neurodegeneration. In conclusion, this thesis capitalized on the versatility of MRI to produce cerebral hemodynamic image contrast that can characterise the heterogeneity of neurodegenerative diseases.
Download or read book Cardiopulmonary Monitoring written by Sheldon Magder and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of the basic physiology of the cardiac and pulmonary systems, tools for cardiopulmonary monitoring, and related issues in the management of specific conditions. The volume is divided into three main parts. The first part examines the functional basis of normal and abnormal physiology, organized into cardiac and pulmonary units and followed by a “combined” interactive component. The next section discusses cardiopulmonary monitoring tools and variables and is also divided into cardiac (e.g, echocardiography, heart rate, cardiac output), pulmonary (e.g, lung volume, pleural pressure, electrical impedance tomography), and combined tools such as radiology/MRI and tissue perfusion tests. The third section concerns the management and application of specific clinical problems such as pulmonary hypertension, cardiac shunts, cardiogenic shock, and ECMO with an emphasis on the physiological basics. /div Cardiopulmonary Monitoring: Basic Physiology, Tools, and Bedside Management for the Critically Ill is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, medical students, and researchers in cardiology, critical care, emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and radiology.
