Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Alan Peters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 10 is a direct continuation and extension of Volume 3 in this series, Visual Cortex. Given the impressive proliferation of papers on visual cortex over the intervening eight years, Volume 10 has specifically targeted visual cortex in primates and, even so, it has not been possible to survey all of the major or relevant developments in this area. Some research areas are experiencing rapid change and can best be treated more comprehensively in a subsequent volume; for example, elaboration of color vision; patterns and subdivisions of functional columns. One major goal of this volume has been to provide an overview of the intrinsic structural and functional aspects of area 17 itself. Considerable pro gress has been made since 1985 in unraveling the modular and laminar organi zation of area 17; and this aspect is directly addressed in the chapters by Peters, Lund et al., Wong-Riley, and Casagrande and Kaas. A recurring leitmotif here is the evidence for precise and exquisite order in the interlaminar and tangential connectivity of elements. At the same time, however, as detailed by Lund et al. and Casagrande and Kaas, the very richness of the connectivity implies a multi plicity of processing routes. This reinforces evidence that parallel pathways may not be strictly segregated. Further connectional complexity is contributed by the various sets of inhibitory neurons, as reviewed by Lund et al. and Jones et al.
Download or read book Cerebral Cortex Primary visual cortex in primates written by Alan Peters and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Kathleen S. Rockland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-01-31 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last twenty-five years, there has been an extensive effort, still growing for that matter, to explore and understand the organization of extrastriate cor tex in primates. We now recognize that most of caudal neocortex is visual in some sense and that this large visual region includes many distinct areas. Some of these areas have been well defined, and connections, neural properties, and the functional consequences of deactivations have been studied. More recently, non invasive imaging of cortical activity patterns during visual tasks has led to an expanding stream of papers on extrastriate visual cortex of humans, and results have been related to theories of visual cortex organization that have emerged from research on monkeys. Against this backdrop, the time seems ripe for a review of progress and a glance at the future. One caveat important to emphasize at the very onset is that the reader may be puzzled or confused by the use of different terminologies. Individual investi gators commonly tend to favor different terminologies, but in general some prove more advantageous than others. As discussed by Rowe and Stone (1977) as well as by others, there is an unfortunate tendency for role-indicating names to lead to fixed ideas about function, in contrast to those that are more neutral and adaptable to new findings.
Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Kathleen S. Rockland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last twenty-five years, there has been an extensive effort, still growing for that matter, to explore and understand the organization of extrastriate cor tex in primates. We now recognize that most of caudal neocortex is visual in some sense and that this large visual region includes many distinct areas. Some of these areas have been well defined, and connections, neural properties, and the functional consequences of deactivations have been studied. More recently, non invasive imaging of cortical activity patterns during visual tasks has led to an expanding stream of papers on extrastriate visual cortex of humans, and results have been related to theories of visual cortex organization that have emerged from research on monkeys. Against this backdrop, the time seems ripe for a review of progress and a glance at the future. One caveat important to emphasize at the very onset is that the reader may be puzzled or confused by the use of different terminologies. Individual investi gators commonly tend to favor different terminologies, but in general some prove more advantageous than others. As discussed by Rowe and Stone (1977) as well as by others, there is an unfortunate tendency for role-indicating names to lead to fixed ideas about function, in contrast to those that are more neutral and adaptable to new findings.
Download or read book Webvision written by Helga Kolb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in the Modularity of Vision written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1990 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Micro Meso and Macro Connectomics of the Brain written by Henry Kennedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has brought together leading investigators who work in the new arena of brain connectomics. This includes ‘macro-connectome’ efforts to comprehensively chart long-distance pathways and functional networks; ‘micro-connectome’ efforts to identify every neuron, axon, dendrite, synapse, and glial process within restricted brain regions; and ‘meso-connectome’ efforts to systematically map both local and long-distance connections using anatomical tracers. This book highlights cutting-edge methods that can accelerate progress in elucidating static ‘hard-wired’ circuits of the brain as well as dynamic interactions that are vital for brain function. The power of connectomic approaches in characterizing abnormal circuits in the many brain disorders that afflict humankind is considered. Experts in computational neuroscience and network theory provide perspectives needed for synthesizing across different scales in space and time. Altogether, this book provides an integrated view of the challenges and opportunities in deciphering brain circuits in health and disease.
Download or read book The Primate Visual System written by Jon H. Kaas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-07-28 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 20 years of research have been marked by exceptional progress in understanding the organization and functions of the primate visual system. This understanding has been based on the wide application of traditional and newly emerging methods for identifying the functionally significant subdivisions of the system, their interconnections, the
Download or read book The Cat Primary Visual Cortex written by Bertram Payne and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-11-17 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts on the forefront of investigations of brain function, vision, and perception, the material presented is of an unparalleled scientific quality, and shows that analyses of enormous breadth and sophistication are required to probe the structure and function of brain regions. The articles are highly persuasive in showing what can be achieved by carrying out careful and imaginative experiments. The Cat Primary Visual Cortex should emerge as essential reading for all those interested in cerebral cortical processing of visual signals or researching or working in any field of vision. Comprehensive account of cat primary visual cortex Generous use of illustrations including color Covers research from structure to connections to functions Chapters by leaders in the field Topics presneted on multiple, compatible levels
Download or read book Functional Organisation of the Human Visual Cortex written by Balazs Gulyas and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 1993-05-18 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional Organisation of the Human Visual Cortex
Download or read book The Main Afferent Fiber System of the Cerebral Cortex in Primates written by Stephen Poliak and published by . This book was released on 1932 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functional Anatomy of Visual Processing in the Cerebral Cortex of the Macaque written by Koen Nelissen and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we examined the monkey cortical regions involved in processing of color, visual motion information, and the recognition of actions done by others. The aim was to gain better insight in the functional organization of the monkey visual cortex using in-house developed functional imaging techniques. Two different functional imaging techniques were used in these studies, the double-label deoxyglucose technique (DG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the awake monkey (Chapter 2). Both techniques allow to obtain an overview of stimulus-related neural activity throughout the whole brain, integrated over a limited amount of time. The results of the color experiments (Chapter 3) clearly showed that color related information is processed within a group of areas belonging to the ventral stream, which is involved in the perception of objects. Color-related metabolic activity was observed in visual areas V1, V2, V3, V4 and inferotemporal cortex (area TEO and TE). These findings set to rest the longstanding controversial claims that color would be processed almost selectively in one extrastriate visual area (V4) (Zeki SM, Brain Res 1973 53: 422-427). These results also show the usefulness of whole brain functional mapping techniques, as a complimentary approach to single cell measurements. In Chapter 4, we investigated which regions in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of the monkey are involved in the analysis of motion. While the caudal part of the STS has been studied extensively, including area MT/V5 and MST, little is known about motion sensitivity in more anterior-ventral STS regions. Using fMRI, we were able to localize and delineate six different motion sensitive regions in the STS. One of these regions, that we termed 1st (lower superior temporal), had not been described so far. We were able to further characterize the six motion sensitive regions, using a wide variety of motion-sensitivity tests. The results of the latter tests suggested that motion related information might be processed along a second pathway within the STS, in addition to the MT-MST path (which is involved in the perception of heading). This second pathway, which includes the more rostral motion sensitive STS regions (FST, 1st and STPm) is possibly involved in the visual processing of biological movements (movements of animate objects) and actions. Finally, we investigated how and where in the monkey brain visual information about actions done is processed (Chapter 5 and 6). We found (Chapter 5) that, in agreement with earlier single unit results, the observation of grasping movements activates several regions in the premotor cortex of the monkey. Remarkable is that these premotor regions predominantly have a motor function, coding different types of higher order motor acts (for instance grasping of an object). These results are in agreement with earlier suggestions that we are able to understand actions done by others, because observation of a particular motor act activates our own motor representation of the same act. Furthermore, these studies suggested that within the frontal cortex of the monkey, there is a distinction between context-dependent (a person grasping) and more abstract (a hand grasping) action representations. In Chapter 6 we studied two other regions which are involved in the processing of visual information of actions done by others, the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the parietal cortex. In the parietal cortex, we found a similar distinction between context-dependent and more abstract action representations as observed in prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that the parietal cortex is not only involved in the visual control of action planning, but also in the visual processing of actions performed by others. Based upon anatomical connections between the STS, parietal and frontal regions and motion-, form- and action-related functional properties of the former regions, we tentatively suggest how information about actions done by others might be sent from the STS to the frontal cortex along three different pathways. The latter working hypothesis will be tested in the future by additional fMRI control experiments and by combining fMRI, inactivation and microstimulation experiments while monkeys perform grasping tasks and/or view actions performed by others.
Download or read book Evolution of the Forebrain written by R.G. Hassler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book What can simple brains teach us about how vision works written by Davide Zoccolan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision is the process of extracting behaviorally-relevant information from patterns of light that fall on retina as the eyes sample the outside world. Traditionally, nonhuman primates (macaque monkeys, in particular) have been viewed by many as the animal model-of-choice for investigating the neuronal substrates of visual processing, not only because their visual systems closely mirror our own, but also because it is often assumed that “simpler” brains lack advanced visual processing machinery. However, this narrow view of visual neuroscience ignores the fact that vision is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, enabling a wide repertoire of complex behaviors in species from insects to birds, fish, and mammals. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in alternative animal models for vision research, especially rodents. This resurgence is partly due to the availability of increasingly powerful experimental approaches (e.g., optogenetics and two-photon imaging) that are challenging to apply to their full potential in primates. Meanwhile, even more phylogenetically distant species such as birds, fish, and insects have long been workhorse animal models for gaining insight into the core computations underlying visual processing. In many cases, these animal models are valuable precisely because their visual systems are simpler than the primate visual system. Simpler systems are often easier to understand, and studying a diversity of neuronal systems that achieve similar functions can focus attention on those computational principles that are universal and essential. This Research Topic provides a survey of the state of the art in the use of animal models of visual functions that are alternative to macaques. It includes original research, methods articles, reviews, and opinions that exploit a variety of animal models (including rodents, birds, fishes and insects, as well as small New World monkey, the marmoset) to investigate visual function. The experimental approaches covered by these studies range from psychophysics and electrophysiology to histology and genetics, testifying to the richness and depth of visual neuroscience in non-macaque species.
Download or read book Evolutionary Anatomy of the Primate Cerebral Cortex written by Dean Falk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-19 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Review of brain evolution in primates including humans.
Download or read book The Main Afferent Fiber Systems of the Cerebral Cortex in Primates written by Stephen Polyak and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Main Afferent Fiber Systems of the Cerebral Cortex in Primates: An Investigation of the Central Portions of the Somato-Sensory, Auditory, and Visual Paths of the Cerebral Cortex, With Consideration of Their Normal and Pathological Function, Based on Experiments With Monkeys A knowledge Of the position, of the extent, and of the organization of the primary sensory regions (that is, of the projection fields of the cerebral cortex) is the foundation of anatomical-physiological brain-psychology, and is there fore the indispensable requirement and the first problem to be solved before we can form a clear anatomical idea Of the processes involved in the creation of the mind. The ultimate goal of this as of any other brain research is well formulated by Flechsig (1927, p. 120) The main problem for the future undoubtedly will be an all-embracing psycho-physiology; otherwise in the future, as has happened in the past, posi tive knowledge will be menaced by an overgrowth of the mystic element. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book The Primate Brain written by Charles Robert Noback and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
