Download or read book Centrality and Pricing in Spatially Differentiated Markets written by Matthias Firgo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We highlight the importance of 'centrality' for pricing. Firms characterized by a more central position in a spatial network are more powerful in terms of having a stronger impact on their competitors' prices and on equilibrium prices. These propositions are derived froma simple theoretical model and investigated empirically for the retail gasoline market of Vienna, Austria.We compute a measure of network centrality based on the locations of gasoline stations in the road network. Results from a spatial autoregressive model show that prices of gasoline stations are more strongly correlated with prices of central competitors.

Download or read book Network Centrality and Market Prices An Empirical Note written by Matthias Firgo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We empirically investigate the importance of centrality (holding a central position in a spatial network) for strategic interaction in pricing for the Austrian retail gasoline market. Results from spatial autoregressive models suggest that the gasoline station located most closely to the market center - defined as the 1-median location - exerts the strongest effect on pricing decisions of other stations. We conclude that centrality influences firms' pricing behavior and further find that the importance of centrality increases with market size.

Download or read book Spatial Economics Volume I written by Stefano Colombo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space is a crucial variable in any economic activity. Spatial Economics is the branch of economics that explicitly aims to incorporate the space dimension in the analysis of economic phenomena. From its beginning in the last century, Spatial Economics has contributed to the understanding of the economy by developing plenty of theoretical models as well as econometric techniques having the “space” as a core dimension of the analysis. This edited volume addresses the complex issue of Spatial Economics from a theoretical point of view. This volume is part of a more complex project including another edited volume (Spatial Economics Volume II: Applications) collecting original papers which address Spatial Economics from an applied perspective.

Download or read book Pricing Conduct of Spatially Differentiated Markets written by Meyra Sebello Mendoza and published by . This book was released on 1995* with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Price response Asymmetry and Spatial Differentiation in Local Retail Gasoline Markets written by Jeremy A. Verlinda and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial Pricing and Differentiated Markets written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial Competition in a Differentiated Market with Asymmetric Costs written by Tarek H. Selim and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial quality choice is introduced, where consumers are horizontally differentiated by taste and firms vertically differentiated by quality location, within an equilibrium model of duopoly competition characterized by asymmetric fixed and variable costs. Firms choose quality location followed by prices but then may vertically re-locate their quality offerings based on changing horizontal consumer taste. A monopolistic equilibrium solution arises with firms achieving positive economic profits through price-quality markups exceeding marginal costs. Under strict inequality conditions, each firm acts as a monopolistic competitor within a range of quality choices governed by multiple relative differentiation outcomes. On the other hand, vertical re-location exhibits a resistance to change on the part of vertically located firms such that firms dislike quality re-location and prefer stable preferences in quality. Such resistance to change is overcome by firms re-locating their quality offerings to maximize monopolistic brand-space gains. It is argued that more horizontal differentiation may force more product differentiation by vertical quality relocation. A relative change in quality preferences may result in wider quality spreads in the market through vertical quality re-locations, even though the resistance to change arguments may still hold good.

Download or read book Pricing Mechanisms for Inter market Sorting written by Thomas Carlyle Blake and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The price of a good is a vital tool for allocating resources in our economy. The relative prices of many similar or related goods can serve to sort demand between markets to ensure that resources are spent where they are most valued. Firms and consumers can both act to move resources between markets and in so doing alter relative prices as markets clear. The process by which this occurs is quite intricate and unique to the goods, the market structure, and supply constraints in question. These cross-market interactions complicate otherwise simple exchanges between buyers and sellers and understanding market sorting behavior has become an ongoing endeavor of the economics literature. This volume comprises my collective works investigating inter-market sorting, with particular attention to the role of pricing as both a sorting mechanism and signal of relative valuation. I examine both the firm and consumer sides of markets. I use natural experiments to demonstrate the effects of changing demand and supply conditions on prices and quantities. My work is found in three chapters, each examining a distinct market and research question under this greater theme. Chapter 1 considers horizontally differentiated goods, homes in different real estate markets, and demonstrates the efficiency with which consumers alter their willingness to pay when faced with changes in relative cost of ownership. The demand for housing is heavily influenced by access to employment opportunities. The cost of gasoline determines the cost of such access and therefore, the relative prices in markets with varying commuting needs. Locally exogenous gasoline price movements demonstrate the causal impact of higher fuel costs on urban housing markets: a shift of market demand towards real estate markets with less costly commutes. Higher fuel prices increase the value of real estate with shorter commutes and easier access to driving alternatives, raising housing costs in urban centers and increasing demand for public transportation. Every incremental $1 per gallon of gasoline reduces home values by .143 percent per commute mile, or $5,191 for the average home and commute. This translates into a discount rate of 6.4 percent, comparable to mortgage rates for the period. The findings describe an efficient real estate market and emphasize the urgency of proper energy policy. Chapter 2 demonstrates how a firm's capacity constraint can interrelate prices in markets with very different demand segments by studying the airline industry. Air freight is an important dimension of the airline services industry that is often ignored. I examine the cross-price effects of air freight and air passenger service when serviced by a common carrier. Air freight represents one-third of all tonnage shipped by air and aircraft weight limitations are often binding constraints. I utilize mandatory reporting data on U.S. domestic fares, passenger counts, capacities, and cargo weight to measure the trade-off that airlines face in choosing to carry cargo or passengers. I find evidence that average price levels and the degree of price discrimination between passenger groups increase for routes with higher cargo fill rates. An airline's ability to carry freight causes prices paid by passengers to rise by an average of 5.4 percent, and a one standard deviation rise in freight fill rates raises passenger prices by 10.6 percent. Chapter 3 examines consumer demand and firm pricing strategies for a vertically differentiated set of goods in the retail sector. Firms create hierarchical decision structures to facilitate operations across markets. If incentives are not complete, managers may not make efficient, profit-maximizing choices. I demonstrate one such inefficiency where a firm's optimal pricing requires coordination across brands that are managed by distinct operational divisions. I examine the entry of a vertically and spatially differentiated national retailer into new markets by its three brands, the pricing response by its other nearby brands, and the quantity sold by those stores. An event study regression approach provides evidence that the different brands react competitively to entry. These three case studies demonstrate some of the intricate processes by which consumers and producers sort resources between related markets.

Download or read book Entry and Pricing in Vertically Differentiated Markets written by J. T. Valimaki and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economy as a Complex Spatial System written by Pasquale Commendatore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license. This collected volume represents the final outcome of the COST Action IS1104 “The EU in the new complex geography of economic systems: models, tools and policy evaluation”. Visualizing the EU as a complex and multi-layered network, the book is organized in three parts, each of them dealing with a different level of analysis: At the macro-level, Part I considers the interactions within large economic systems (regions or countries) involving trade, workers migration, and other factor movements. At the meso-level, Part II discusses interactions within specific but wide-ranging markets, with a focus on financial markets and banking systems. Lastly, at the micro-level, Part III explores the decision-making of single firms, especially in the context of location decisions.

Download or read book The Economic Sociology of Immigration written by Alejandro Portes and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1995-06-22 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Portes suggests that immigration constitutes an especially appropriate Mertonian 'strategic research site' for economic sociology in that it provides very good opportunities for investigating the embeddedness of economic relationships in social situations....the contributors expand the conventional domain of economic sociology quite literally in both time and space."—Contemporary Sociology "Alejandro Portes and his splendid band of collaborators make clear that the causes, processes, and consequences of migration vary dramatically from group to group, that a group's history makes a profound difference to its fate in the American economy. They have produced a sinewy book, a book worth arguing with."—Charles Tilly, Columbia University The Economic Sociology of Immigration forges a dynamic link between the theoretical innovations of economic sociology with the latest empirical findings from immigration research, an area of critical concern as the problems of ethnic poverty and inequality become increasingly profound. Alejandro Portes' lucid overview of sociological approaches to economic phenomena provides the framework for six thoughtful, wide-ranging investigations into ethnic and immigrant labor networks and social resources, entrepreneurship, and cultural assimilation. Mark Granovetter illustrates how small businesses built on the bonds of ethnicity and kinship can, under certain conditions, flourish remarkably well. Bryan R. Roberts demonstrates how immigrant groups' expectations of the duration of their stay influence their propensity toward entrepreneurship. Ivan Light and Carolyn Rosenstein chart how specific metropolitan environments have stimulated or impeded entrepreneurial ventures in five ethnic populations. Saskia Sassen provides a revealing analysis of the unexpectedly flexible and vital labor market networks maintained between immigrants and their native countries, while M. Patricia Fernandez Kelly looks specifically at the black inner city to examine how insular cultural values hinder the acquisition of skills and jobs outside the neighborhood. Alejandro Portes also depicts the difference between the attitudes of American-born youths and those of recent immigrants and its effect on the economic success of immigrant children.

Download or read book Spatial Competition written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Market as Place and Space of Economic Exchange written by Hans Peter Hahn and published by . This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of commodification, material culture has particular properties hitherto considered irrelevant or neglected. First, the market is a spatial structure, assigning special properties to the things offered: the goods and commodities. Secondly, the market defines a principle of dealing with things, including them in some contexts, excluding them from others. The contributions to Market as Place and Space address a variety of aspects of markets within the framework of archaeological and anthropological case studies and with a special focus on the indicators of practices attached to the commodities and their valuation.

Download or read book Between the Social and the Spatial written by Katrien De Boyser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of the 1990s, the gradual widening of scientific and policy debates on poverty from a narrow focus on income poverty to a more inclusive concept of social exclusion, has made poverty research both more interesting and more complicated. This transition to a more multidimensional conceptualization of poverty forms the background and starting point of this book. Researchers studying the 'social' and 'spatial' dimensions of poverty have only started to challenge and explore the boundaries of each other's research perspectives and instruments. This book brings together these different bodies of literature on the intersection of spatial and social exclusion for the first time, by providing a state-of-the art review written by internationally-recognized experts who critically reflect on the theoretical status of their research on social exclusion, and on the implications this has for future research and policy-making agendas.

Download or read book Transport and the Urban Environment written by Ian G. Heggie and published by Springer. This book was released on 1974-01-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Airline Industry written by Alessandro Cento and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-15 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate on the future of the aviation sector and the viability of its traditional business practices is the core of this book. The liberalization of the EU market in the 1990s has radically modi?ed the competitive environment and the nature of airline competition. Furthermore, the new millennium began with terrorist attacks, epidemics, trade globalization, and the rise of oil prices, all of which combined to push the industry into a “perfect storm”. Airline industry pro?tability has been an elusive goal for several decades and the recent events has only accentuated existing weaknesses. The main concern of ind- try observers is whether the airline business model, successful during the 1980s and 1990s, is now sustainable in a market crowded by low-cost carriers. The airlines that will respond rapidly and determinedly to increase pressure to restructure, conso- date and segment the industry will achieve competitive advantages. In this context, the present study aims to model the new conduct of the ‘legacy’ carriers in a new liberalized European market in terms of network and pricing competition with l- cost carriers and competitive reaction to the global economic crises.

Download or read book Intermedia written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: