Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Stover Cost Analysis Ethanol E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from corn stover via a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to the process reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This process involves the following steps in the production of hydrous Ethanol: corn stover pretreatment with dilute acid and ammonia conditioning; enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermentation. Electricity is also generated as by-product. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Humbird, D., et al., "Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol, " Report NREL/TP-5100-47764, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Stover Cost Analysis Ethanol E12A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from corn stover based on a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to the process reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This process involves the following steps in the production of hydrous Ethanol: corn stover pretreatment with dilute acid and overliming; enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermentation. Electricity is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Aden, A., et al., "Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Corn Stover", Report NREL/TP-510-32438, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2002 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Stover Cost Analysis Ethanol E13A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from corn stover using a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to AVAP technology, developed by American Process. In this process, biomass is fractionated into cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. The hemicellulose and cellulose are converted to monomer sugars, which are then fermented to produce hydrous Ethanol, while lignin is burned to generate electricity. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): WO Patent 2011044378, issued to American Process in 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Stover Cost Analysis Ethanol E14A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from corn stover via a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to GreenPower, developed by American Process. In this process, hemicelluloses are extracted from biomass and used to produce hydrous Ethanol. The rest of the biomass is burned to generate electricity. In addition, a potassium acetate solution is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): US Patent 20110195468, issued to American Process in 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Switchgrass Cost Analysis Ethanol E81A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from switchgrass based on a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to the process reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This process involves the following steps in the production of hydrous Ethanol: biomass pretreatment with dilute acid and ammonia conditioning; enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermentation. Electricity is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Humbird, D., et al., "Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol, " Report NREL/TP-5100-47764, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Wood Chips Cost Analysis Ethanol E51A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from wood chips via a thermochemical process. The process examined is similar to the one reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). In this process, biomass is subjected to gasification generating syngas, which is then converted to hydrous Ethanol. The process employs concepts similar to those proposed in patents issued to Range Fuels. Mixed alcohols are generated as by-products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Phillips, S., et al., "Thermochemical Ethanol via Indirect Gasification and Mixed Alcohol Synthesis of Lignocellulosic Biomass, " Report NREL/TP-510-41168, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2007 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Bio Butanol Production from Corn Cost Analysis Butanol E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of bio-based Butanol production from corn. The process examined is a typical Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation process. In this process, acetone and ethanol are generated as by-products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Tao, L., et al., "Comparative techno-economic analysis and reviews of n-butanol production from corn grain and corn stover", Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref. 8:342–361, 2014 Keywords: Butyl Alcohol, Biomass, Biofuel, Milling
Download or read book A Cost Analysis for the Densification and Transportation of Cellulosic Biomass for Ethanol Production written by Jonathan Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current forage handling equipment in the cellulosic ethanol industry is severely limited by the low bulk densities of baled and ground biomass. Low bulk densities contribute to flowability problems and lack of maximizing trailer capacities. By pelleting we can increase the bulk density and flowability characteristics of forages. The objectives of this research were to evaluate (1) the energy requirements of grinding sorghum stalks, corn stover, wheat straw and big bluestem through two different screen sizes, (2) the energy requirements of pelleting forages from the two grind sizes, and (3) the physical properties of our various end products. The two screen types were found to have significantly different energy consumptions from each other (P
Download or read book Long run Effects of Falling Cellulosic Ethanol Production Costs on the US Agricultural Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable energy production has been expanding at a rapid pace. New advances in cellulosic ethanol technologies have the potential to displace the use of petroleum as a transportation fuel, and could have significant effects on both the agricultural economy and the environment. In this letter, the effects of falling cellulosic ethanol production costs on the mix of ethanol feedstocks employed and on the US agricultural economy are examined. Results indicate that, as expected, cellulosic ethanol production increases by a substantial amount as conversion technology improves. Corn production increases initially following the introduction of cellulosic technology, because producers enjoy new revenue from sales of corn stover. After cellulosic ethanol production becomes substantially cheaper, however, acres are shifted from corn production to all other agricultural commodities. Essentially, this new technology could facilitate the exploitation of a previously under-employed resource (corn stover), resulting in an improvement in overall welfare. Thus in the most optimistic scenario considered, 68% of US ethanol is derived from cellulosic sources, coarse grain production is reduced by about 2%, and the prices of all food commodities are reduced modestly.
Download or read book Ethyl Acetate Production from Ethanol and Acid Acetic Cost Analysis Ethyl Acetate E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Ethyl Acetate production from ethanol and acid acetic. In this process, Ethyl Acetate is produced by continuous esterification of acetic acid and ethanol. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Esterification", Enciclopedia of chemical technology, 5th edition Keywords: Esterification, Ethyl Acetate, Reactive Distillation
Download or read book NREL 2012 Achievement of Ethanol Cost Targets written by Ling Tao and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office, the annual State of Technology (SOT) assessment is an essential activity for quantifying the benefits of biochemical platform research. This assessment has historically allowed the impact of research progress achieved through targeted Bioenergy Technologies Office funding to be quantified in terms of economic improvements within the context of a fully integrated cellulosic ethanol production process. As such, progress toward the ultimate 2012 goal of demonstrating cost-competitive cellulosic ethanol technology can be tracked. With an assumed feedstock cost for corn stover of $58.50/ton this target has historically been set at $1.41/gal ethanol for conversion costs only (exclusive of feedstock) and $2.15/gal total production cost (inclusive of feedstock) or minimum ethanol selling price (MESP). This year, fully integrated cellulosic ethanol production data generated by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) researchers in their Integrated Biorefinery Research Facility (IBRF) successfully demonstrated performance commensurate with both the FY 2012 SOT MESP target of $2.15/gal (2007$, $58.50/ton feedstock cost) and the conversion target of $1.41/gal through core research and process improvements in pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation.
Download or read book Fuel cycle Assessment of Selected Bioethanol Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large amount of corn stover is available in the U.S. corn belt for the potential production of cellulosic bioethanol when the production technology becomes commercially ready. In fact, because corn stover is already available, it could serve as a starting point for producing cellulosic ethanol as a transportation fuel to help reduce the nation's demand for petroleum oil. Using the data available on the collection and transportation of corn stover and on the production of cellulosic ethanol, we have added the corn stover-to-ethanol pathway in the GREET model, a fuel-cycle model developed at Argonne National Laboratory. We then analyzed the life-cycle energy use and emission impacts of corn stover-derived fuel ethanol for use as E85 in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs). The analysis included fertilizer manufacturing, corn farming, farming machinery manufacturing, stover collection and transportation, ethanol production, ethanol transportation, and ethanol use in light-duty vehicles (LDVs). Energy consumption of petroleum oil and fossil energy, emissions of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide [CO2], nitrous oxide [N2O], and methane [CH4]), and emissions of criteria pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], volatile organic compounds [VOCs], nitrogen oxide [NO(subscript x)], sulfur oxide [SO(subscript x)], and particulate matter with diameters smaller than 10 micrometers [PM10]) during the fuel cycle were estimated. Scenarios of ethanol from corn grain, corn stover, and other cellulosic feedstocks were then compared with petroleum reformulated gasoline (RFG). Results showed that FFVs fueled with corn stover ethanol blends offer substantial energy savings (94-95%) relative to those fueled with RFG. For each Btu of corn stover ethanol produced and used, 0.09 Btu of fossil fuel is required. The cellulosic ethanol pathway avoids 86-89% of greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike the life cycle of corn grain-based ethanol, in which the ethanol plant consumes most of the fossil fuel, farming consumes most of the fossil fuel in the life cycle of corn stover-based ethanol.
Download or read book Technical Economic Analysis of the Manufacture of Ethanol from Corn Stover written by D. M. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomass Now written by Miodrag Darko Matovic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume book on biomass is a reflection of the increase in biomass related research and applications, driven by overall higher interest in sustainable energy and food sources, by increased awareness of potentials and pitfalls of using biomass for energy, by the concerns for food supply and by multitude of potential biomass uses as a source material in organic chemistry, bringing in the concept of bio-refinery. It reflects the trend in broadening of biomass related research and an increased focus on second-generation bio-fuels. Its total of 40 chapters spans over diverse areas of biomass research, grouped into 9 themes.
Download or read book Biofuels and Biodiesel written by Chhandak Basu and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-06-03 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides methods and protocols on principle, production, molecular aspects, and sustainability of biofuel and biodiesel. Chapters are divided into four sections detailing biofuel production, biodiesel production, molecular genetics, biotechnology of biofuel and biodiesel production, economics, and sustainability of biofuel production. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Biofuels and Biodiesel aims to be useful for researchers, students, and enthusiasts in the field of biofuel and biodiesel.
Download or read book Hydrocarbon Biorefinery written by Sunil Kumar Maity and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable production of hydrocarbon biofuels from biomass, fuels that are fully compatible with existing internal combustion engines, will allow the global transport economy to transition to a sustainable energy source without the need for capital-intensive new infrastructures. Hydrocarbon Biorefinery: Sustainable Processing of Biomass for Hydrocarbon Biofuels presents a comprehensive and easy to understand consolidation of existing knowledge for the production of hydrocarbon biofuels from biomass. Three major areas for the conversion of biomass to hydrocarbon biofuels are addressed: i) Chemical and thermochemical conversion processes, ii) Biological and biochemical conversion processes, and iii) Conversion processes of biomass-derived compounds. Additionally, the book includes process design, life cycle analysis of various processes, reaction engineering, catalysts, process conditions and process concepts, and is supported with detailed case studies. The economic viability of each process is specifically addressed to provide a clear guide for the economic development of future hydrocarbon biofuels. Hydrocarbon Biorefinery: Sustainable Processing of Biomass for Hydrocarbon Biofuels offers an all-in-one resource for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals working in the area of bioenergy and will be of interest to energy engineers, chemical engineers, bioengineers, chemists, agricultural researchers, and mechanical engineers. Furthermore, this book provides structured foundational content on biorefineries for undergraduate and graduate students. Presents fundamental concepts and processes of hydrocarbon biofuel production, covering chemical, biological, and biomass-derived conversion processes Synthesizes the state-of-the-art research and commercial initiatives of this emerging concept into stand-alone chapters, serving as a structured resource for researchers and practitioners Emphasizes the process design and economic feasibility of each process using life cycle assessments to support commercial development
Download or read book Energy Issues and Transition to a Low Carbon Economy written by Francisco J. Lozano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without energy, there is no well-functioning economy, besides facing social risks. This book provides a systemic approach to energy in Mexico and its relations to the USA arising from the energy reform of the former. It covers the transition from fossil fuels to a low-carbon economy, relying heavily on renewable sources and mitigating climate change risks. Several human knowledge disciplines and topics are covered in the book, including public policy, economics, transboundary issues, electricity and thermal energy, residual biomass use, distributed energy systems and its management, and decision-making tools. An analysis is considered regarding energy issues interaction in the Mexican-USA border, which differ in both countries from pricing and policy, and the work and research that has been developed for transboundary energy trade.
