Download or read book Cellulosic Biofuels Analysis of Policy Issues for Congress written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellulosic Biofuels written by Tom Capehart and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellulosic Biofuels Analysis of Policy Issues for Congress Updated November 25 2008 written by Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellulosic Biofuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress will continue to face questions about the appropriate level of intervention in the cellulosic industry as it debates both the risks in trying to pick the winning technology and the benefits of providing start- up incentives. [...] Although greater use of E-85 could absorb additional volume, it is limited by the lack of E-85 infrastructure (including the considerable expense of installing or upgrading tanks and pumps) and the size of the flex-fuel fleet. [...] Energy Balance A measure of energy balance is provided by the net energy balance (NEB), a comparison of the ratio of the per-unit energy produced versus the fossil energy used in a fuel's production process. [...] Greenhouse Gas Emissions Greenhouse gas emissions differ among types of ethanol because of a number of factors, including the fuel used to power the refinery (fossil or renewable) and the original state of the land on which the feedstock was produced. [...] The uncertainties of moving an industry from laboratory to commercial reality were highlighted when two recipients with total grant funding of $113 million dropped out of the program, one because of a substantially higher offer from the Canadian government,66 and the other after determining that the risks involved outweighed any anticipated benefits.67 Renewable Energy Provisions in the 2008 Farm.
Download or read book Examining the Renewable Fuel Standard written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on the Interior and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biofuels written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A path toward the broader use of biofuels written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Next Generation of Biofuels written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Subcommittee on Energy, Science, and Technology and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Biofuels written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hearing to Review the Future of Next Generation Biofuels written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy, and Research and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Subcommittee Hearing on Impacts of Outstanding Regulatory Policy on Small Biofuels Producers and Family Farmers written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Meeting the Renewable Fuel Standard RFS Mandate for Cellulosic Biofuels written by Kelsi Bracmort and published by . This book was released on 2011-07-17 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) was expanded under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) in an effort to reduce dependence on foreign oil, promote biofuel use, and stabilize transportation fuel prices, among other goals. Over a 15-year period, the RFS seeks to establish a market for biofuels in the transportation sector by requiring that increasing amounts of biofuels 36 billion gallons by 2022 be blended into transportation fuel. The mandate is to be accomplished with an assortment of advanced biofuels, including cellulosic biofuels fuels produced from cellulosic materials including grasses, trees, and agricultural and municipal wastes. However, analysis suggested the U.S. did not have sufficient cellulosic biofuel production capacity to meet the 2010 and 2011 RFS mandate instituted by Congress in EISA, and this is likely to continue for the 2012 mandate. Contents of this report: Introduction; What Are Cellulosic Biofuels?; What Is the Relationship Between Cellulosic Biofuels and the Renewable Fuel Standard?; What Challenges Are Associated with Cellulosic Biofuels Production?; Was the Revised 2010 RFS Mandate for Cellulosic Biofuels Met?; Will the 2011 Cellulosic Biofuel Mandate Be Met?; What Impact Will Significantly Lowering the 2010, 2011, and 2012 RFS Mandates Have on Investment in Cellulosic Biofuel Production?; How Much Cellulosic Feedstock Exists for Conversion to Biofuels?; How Many Commercial Cellulosic Biofuel Plants Exist?; What Policy Options Are Available to Meet the Congressionally Mandated RFS for Cellulosic Biofuels? Figures and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Agriculture based Biofuels written by Randy Schnepf and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agriculture Based Biofuels written by Randy Schnepf and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1970s, U.S. policymakers at both the federal and state levels have authorized a variety of incentives, regulations, and programs to encourage the production and use of agriculture-based biofuels—i.e., any fuel produced from biological materials. Initially, federal biofuels policies were developed to help kick-start the biofuels industry during its early development, when neither production capacity nor a market for the finished product was widely available. Federal policy (e.g., tax credits, import tariffs, grants, loans, and loan guarantees) has played a key role in helping to close the price gap between biofuels and cheaper petroleum fuels. Now, as the industry has evolved, other policy goals (e.g., national energy security, climate change concerns, support for rural economies) are cited by proponents as justification for continuing or enhancing federal policy support. The U.S. biofuels sector responded to these government incentives by expanding output every year from 1980 through 2011 (with the exception of 1996), with important implications for the domestic and international food and fuel sectors. Production of the primary U.S. biofuel, ethanol (derived from corn starch), has risen from about 175 million gallons in 1980 to nearly 14 billion gallons in 2011. U.S. biodiesel production (derived primarily from vegetable oil), albeit much smaller, has also shown strong growth, rising from 0.5 million gallons in 1999 to a record 969 million gallons in 2012. Despite the rapid growth of the past decades, total agriculture-based biofuels consumption accounted for only about 8% of U.S. transportation fuel consumption (9.7% of gasoline and 1.5% of diesel) in 2012. Federal biofuels policies have had costs, including unintended market and environmental consequences and large federal outlays (estimated at $7.7 billion in 2011, but declining to $1.3 billion in 2012 with the expiration of the ethanol blender's tax credit). Despite the direct and indirect costs of federal biofuels policy and the relatively small role of biofuels as an energy source, the U.S. biofuels sector continues to push for federal involvement. But critics of federal policy intervention in the biofuels sector have also emerged. Current issues and policy developments related to the U.S. biofuels sector that are of interest to Congress include: Many federal biofuels policies require routine congressional monitoring and occasional reconsideration in the form of reauthorization or new appropriations; The 10% ethanol-to-gasoline blend ratio—known as the “blend wall”—poses a barrier to expansion of ethanol use. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued waivers to allow ethanol blending of up to 15% (per gallon of gasoline) for use in model year 2001 and newer light-duty motor vehicles. However, the limitation to newer vehicles, coupled with infrastructure issues, could limit rapid expansion of blending rates; The slow development of cellulosic biofuels has raised concerns about the industry's ability to meet large federal usage mandates, which in turn has raised the potential for future EPA waivers of mandated biofuel volumes and has contributed to a cycle of slow investment in and development of the sector. In 2012, the expiration of the blender tax credit, poor profit margins (due primarily to high corn prices), and the emerging blend wall limitation have contributed to a drop-off in ethanol production and have generated considerable uncertainty about the ethanol industry's future.
Download or read book Renewable Fuel Standard RFS written by Randy Schnepf and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal policy has played a key role in the emergence of the U.S. biofuels industry. Policy measures include minimum renewable fuel usage requirements, blending and production tax credits, an import tariff, loans, and research grants. This report focuses on the mandated minimum usage requirements, the RFS, whereby a minimum volume of biofuels is to be used in the national transport. fuel supply each year. It describes the general nature of the RFS mandate and its implementation, and outlines some emerging issues related to the sustainability of the continued growth in U.S. biofuels production needed to fulfill the expanding RFS mandate, as well as the emergence of potential unintended consequences of this rapid expansion. A print on demand report.
Download or read book Energy s Water Demand Trends Vulnerabilities and Management written by Nicole T. Carter and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation's energy choices embody many tradeoffs. Water use is one of those tradeoffs. The energy choices before Congress represent vastly different demands on domestic freshwater. The energy sector's water consumption is projected to rise 50% from 2005 to 2030. This rising water demand derives from both an increase in the amount of energy demanded and shifts to more water-intense energy sources and technologies. This report discusses this issue as well as related issues that may arise for the 112th Congress.
Download or read book Renewable Energy Programs in the 2008 Farm Bill written by Megan Stubbs and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discuses the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246, the 2008 farm bill) that extends and expands many of the renewable energy programs originally authorized in the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002.
