Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Control of Collective Glial Cell Migration in Drosophilia written by Sara Berzsenyi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A basic characteristic of many cell types in the body is their ability to move. The developing wing of the Drosophila provides an excellent model system to follow the behavior of the chain-migrating glial cells in vitro and in vivo by time-lapse microscopy. The glial cells are organized in a head-to-tail manner and move along the axons. With UV-ablation technique, I show that the pioneer cells at the migration front are required to promote chain migration from early stages on. By ablating cells in different combination at the front of the chain, I show that the first cell isolated from its neighbors cannot move and eventually dies. By increasing the number of cells in isolation, the functionality of the group of cells gradually becomes alike that of a control chain. These data indicate that integrity in collective glial movement might be realized through “community effect”, where a certain number of cells are required to assemble and form a migratory unit. During collective movement, cells are attached to each other via cell-cell adhesion. I show for the first time that N-cad is present in the peripheral glia of the Drosophila embryo and pupa. By overexpressing or downregulating N-cad specifically in the glial cells, I observe delay or acceleration, respectively, in completion of migration but the integrity of the chain remains intact. This suggests a role for N-cad in regulating the timing of glial movement. The downregulation of N-cad in the glia causes a mild decrease in the number of glia-glia adherens junctions, however, upon N-cad overexpression, Armadillo is recruited to the cell membrane.
Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Mechanism Controlling Collective Glial Cell Migration in Drosophila written by Arun Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The functionality of the complex neural network depends on the interactions between neurons and glia. While many efforts have been made to understand the neuron-neuron interactions, less is known about those amongst glial cells. Due to the complexity of the vertebrate nervous system, which comprises manifold more glia than neurons, it is hard to tackle the role of glia-glia interactions. The nervous system of Drosophila, however, has a lower glia-neuron ratio, which makes this simple animal an ideal model. I use genetic approaches at cellular resolution to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glial collective migration in vivo. In Sum, I have shown some basic mechanism controlling collective cell migration: 1) cells at the front of the collective interact with each other through anterograde and retrograde bidirectional interaction. 2) N-cad appears necessary for timely movement of glial community.
Download or read book Glial Cell Migration in the Drosophila Eye Imaginal Disc Moleculat Controls written by Sigridur Rut Franzdóttir. and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms that Promote the Collective Migratory Behavior of Drosophila Border Cells written by George Gil Fajardo Aranjuez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collective migration is a type of cell movement wherein groups of cells move together as a coherent unit. Collective migration is involved in multiple aspects of development across many organisms. Different forms of collective migration are observed in many biological processes such as gastrulation, tubulogenesis, neural crest migration and wound healing. Cancer cells can also spread via collective migration in the form of cellular streams. The hallmark of collective migration is the action of cellular mechanisms that control and shape the motility of the individual cells in the group. Despite the broad impact on normal development and disease, the molecular mechanisms that facilitate collective migration are still not well understood. I used border cell migration in the Drosophila ovary to study the mechanisms that promote collective movement. Border cell migration occurs in the egg chamber, which is composed of an oocyte and supportive nurse cells enveloped by a monolayer of follicle cell epithelium. During oogenesis, border cells originate from the follicle epithelium, assemble into a cluster of 4-6 cells and migrate in a ligand-guided fashion in between the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. Through a genetic screen, I identified new genes that are important for border cell migration. One of these genes, the serine/threonine kinase drop out (dop), promotes the stereotypic migratory behavior of the border cell cluster. Dop mutant border cell clusters extend ectopic protrusions and fail to complete migration. In vivo, collectively migrating cells maintain group cohesion while negotiating various physical hindrances such as the extracellular matrix or other cells. Border cell clusters squeeze in between larger cell types while maintaining a compact shape. I discovered waves of actomyosin contractility at the periphery of the cluster. Loss of peripheral actomyosin contractility leads to the deformation of the cluster and failure to complete migration. It is important to identify these supracellular mechanisms to understand collective migration.
Download or read book The Neural Crest written by Nicole Le Douarin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-11-28 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1999 edition of The Neural Crest contains comprehensive information about the neural crest, a structure unique to the vertebrate embryo, which has only a transient existence in early embryonic life. The ontogeny of the neural crest embodies the most important issues in developmental biology, as the neural crest is considered to have played a crucial role in evolution of the vertebrate phylum. Data that analyse neural crest ontogeny in murine and zebrafish embryos have been included in this revision. This revised edition also takes advantage of recent advances in our understanding of markers of neural crest cell subpopulations, and a full chapter is now devoted to cell lineage analysis. The major research breakthrough since the first edition has been the introduction of molecular biology to neural crest research, enabling an elucidation of many molecular mechanisms of neural crest development. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience.
Download or read book Branching Morphogenesis written by Jamie Davies and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-20 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Branching morphogenesis, the creation of branched structures in the body, is a key feature of animal and plant development. This book brings together, for the first time, expert researchers working on a variety of branching systems to present a state-of-the-art view of the mechanisms that control branching morphogenesis. Systems considered range from single cells, to blood vessel and drainage duct systems to entire body plans, and approaches range from observation through experiment to detailed biophysical modelling. The result is an integrated overview of branching.
Download or read book Brain Development in Drosophila melanogaster written by Gerhard Martin Technau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-08 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system to study processes of the central nervous system This book provides an overview of some major facets of recent research on Drosophila brain development.
Download or read book Astrocytes in Patho Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.
Download or read book Control Mechanisms in Cancer written by Wayne E. Criss and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamental Neuroscience written by Larry Squire and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-04-02 with total page 1277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental Neuroscience, Third Edition introduces graduate and upper-level undergraduate students to the full range of contemporary neuroscience. Addressing instructor and student feedback on the previous edition, all of the chapters are rewritten to make this book more concise and student-friendly than ever before. Each chapter is once again heavily illustrated and provides clinical boxes describing experiments, disorders, and methodological approaches and concepts.Capturing the promise and excitement of this fast-moving field, Fundamental Neuroscience, 3rd Edition is the text that students will be able to reference throughout their neuroscience careers! 30% new material including new chapters on Dendritic Development and Spine Morphogenesis, Chemical Senses, Cerebellum, Eye Movements, Circadian Timing, Sleep and Dreaming, and Consciousness Additional text boxes describing key experiments, disorders, methods, and concepts Multiple model system coverage beyond rats, mice, and monkeys Extensively expanded index for easier referencing
Download or read book The Integrative Action of the Nervous System written by Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Physics of Cancer written by Caterina A. M. La Porta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-20 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have witnessed an increasing number of theoretical and experimental contributions to cancer research from different fields of physics, from biomechanics and soft-condensed matter physics to the statistical mechanics of complex systems. Reviewing these contributions and providing a sophisticated overview of the topic, this is the first book devoted to the emerging interdisciplinary field of cancer physics. Systematically integrating approaches from physics and biology, it includes topics such as cancer initiation and progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, cancer stem cells, tumor immunology, cancer cell mechanics and migration. Biological hallmarks of cancer are presented in an intuitive yet comprehensive way, providing graduate-level students and researchers in physics with a thorough introduction to this important subject. The impact of the physical mechanisms of cancer are explained through analytical and computational models, making this an essential reference for cancer biologists interested in cutting-edge quantitative tools and approaches coming from physics.
Download or read book Neuromuscular Junctions in Drosophila written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-04-29 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuromuscular Junctions in Drosophila gathers the main contributions that research using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has made in the area of synapse development, synapse physiology, and excitability of muscles and nerve cells. The chapters in this book represent a synthesis of major advances in our understanding of neuronal development and synaptic physiology, which have been obtained using the above approach.This book is directed to the general neuroscience audience: researchers, instructors, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates who are interested in the mechanisms of synapse development and physiology. However, the book will also be a valuable resource for those that use the fruit fly as a model system in their laboratories.Key Features* Synthesizes the genetic approaches used to study synaptic development and function at the neuromuscular junction, using flies as a model system* Covers major recent advances in muscle development, pathfinding, synapse maturation and plasticity, exo- and endocytosis, and ion channel function* Written in clear language that is easily understandable to readers not already familiar with fruit fly research* Includes numerous diagrams and extensive reference lists
Download or read book Regenerative Pharmacology written by George J. Christ and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art primer on the role of pharmacological sciences in regenerative medicine, for advanced students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers.
Download or read book The Plant Cytoskeleton written by Bo Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant cells house highly dynamic cytoskeletal networks of microtubules and actin microfilaments. They constantly undergo remodeling to fulfill their roles in supporting cell division, enlargement, and differentiation. Following early studies on structural aspects of the networks, recent breakthroughs have connected them with more and more intracellular events essential for plant growth and development. Advanced technologies in cell biology (live-cell imaging in particular), molecular genetics, genomics, and proteomics have revolutionized this field of study. Stories summarized in this book may inspire enthusiastic scientists to pursue new directions toward understanding functions of the plant cytoskeleton. The Plant Cytoskeleton is divided into three sections: 1) Molecular Basis of the Plant Cytoskeleton; 2) Cytoskeletal Reorganization in Plant Cell Division; and 3) The Cytoskeleton in Plant Growth and Development. This book is aimed at serving as a resource for anyone who wishes to learn about the plant cytoskeleton beyond ordinary textbooks.
Download or read book Live cell imaging Cell and developmental research bridging education optical engineering industry software shared facilities written by Michelle S. Itano and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wound Healing written by Kursad Turksen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive resource on the recent developments of stem cell use in wound healing With contributions from experts in the field, Wound Healing offers a thorough review of the most recent findings on the use of stem cells to heal wounds. This important resource covers both the basic and translational aspects of the field. The contributors reveal the great progress that has been made in recent years and explore a wide range of topics from an overview of the stem cell process in wound repair to inflammation and cancer. They offer a better understanding of the identities of skin stem cells as well as the signals that govern their behavior that contributes to the development of improved therapies for scarring and poorly healing wounds. Comprehensive in scope, this authoritative resource covers a wealth of topics such as: an overview of stem cell regeneration and repair, wound healing and cutaneous wound healing, the role of bone marrow derived stems cells, inflammation in wound repair, role and function of inflammation in wound repair, and much more. This vital resource: Provides a comprehensive overview of stem cell use in wound healing, including both the basic and translational aspects of the field Covers recent developments and emerging subtopics within the field Offers an invaluable resource to clinical and basic researchers who are interested in wound healing, stem cells, and regenerative medicine Contains contributions from leading experts in the field of wound healing and care Wound Healing offers clinical researchers and academics a much-needed resource written by noted experts in the field that explores the role of stem cells in the repair and restoration of healing wounds.
