Download or read book Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles for Immune Modulation written by Ashley Victoria Kroll and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is a cutting edge scientific area that is fundamentally changing the way we design and administer medicines and therapies to patients. One area in which nanomedicine can have a large impact is through immune modulation and "nano-immunoengineering". The size and unique cell-particle interaction patterns enable nanoparticles to interact with the immune system in ways that can impact the immune system in radically new and efficacious ways. This dissertation focuses on demonstrating how cell membrane coating can be merged with nanoparticle design to facilitate immune modulation to improve a variety of pathological conditions. The rationale for cell membrane coating and the use of nanoparticles in immune modulation is discussed in the first chapter of the dissertation. The second portion of the dissertation concentrates on developing cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for anticancer vaccination. Using the membrane of cancer cells serves as an ideal and multivalent antigen source, while coating around the adjuvant-loaded nanoparticle core provide immune stimulation and a codelivery of both components to the lymphatic system. The third portion of the dissertation dives into the use of erythrocyte membrane-coated nanoparticles for antibacterial vaccination. Pore-forming toxins naturally embed into red blood cell membrane, and can be delivered in the nanoparticulate form to provide intact toxin antigens to the immune system. Formation of anti-toxin antibodies then protect from toxin damage and also provide antivirulence immunity against bacterial infections. Finally, the fourth section of this dissertation will focus on a novel "nanosponge" for immune thrombocytopenia purpura. Platelet membrane coated nanoparticles can specifically absorb anti-platelet antibodies, sparing immune destruction of real platelets and reducing disease symptoms. This dissertation will serve as an example of applying rational design and engineering of cell membrane coating and nanoparticle synthesis and loading to enhance immune system intervention in a variety of internal and external pathological challenges. By harnessing these tools, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles can have a great impact in the field of immunotherapy, and have much potential to be expanded upon for new therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.

Download or read book Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles written by Ronnie Hongbo Fang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of nanomedicine has had a tremendous impact on patient outcomes in the clinic. At the nanoscale, drug-loaded particles exhibit unique attributes that allow them to be more efficacious compared to free drug formulations, leading to better standard of care as well as increased patient compliance. Since the approval of Doxil, a liposomal formulation of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin, two decades ago, researchers have been focused on leveraging nanotechnology to solve many of the hurdles in modern medicine. Despite the tremendous progress that has been made on this front, there is still much room for improvement. One major challenge in nanomedicine exists at the interface between synthetic nanomaterials and natural biological systems. My work has focused on a novel strategy for addressing the challenge of effective biointerfacing. This involves using natural membrane derived from the surface of cells to camouflage synthetic nanomaterials for the design of more effective and novel therapeutic modalities. The first portion of this thesis will focus on the design of long-circulating drug delivery carriers by using a red blood cell membrane cloaking strategy to prolong systemic half-life. Building upon an initially reported red blood cell membrane-coated nanoparticle platform, drug-loaded nanocarriers are designed that can be actively targeted to tumors. Not only does natural membrane cloaking enable prolonged circulation for more effective drug delivery, but the presence of the natural membrane coating also facilitates the development of entirely new therapeutic modalities. The second part of this thesis will focus on the use of membrane-coated nanoparticles for the clearance of pathologic moieties. This is demonstrated for both pore-forming toxins that are secreted by bacteria and autoimmune antibodies targeting red blood cells. The final part of this thesis will outline the use of membrane-coated particles for specifically modulating the immune system. The concept is demonstrated for vaccination against both pathogen-derived toxins as well as against autologous cancer cells. Ultimately, the cell membrane-coated nanoparticle platform has the potential to greatly change the landscape of nanomedicine. From more effective drug delivery carriers to novel applications that have yet to be discovered, there are many avenues still waiting to be fully explored.

Download or read book Natural and Engineered Cancer Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles for Antitumor Immunotherapy written by Yao Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancement in the understanding of tumor immunology has led to the development of novel therapies that can augment endogenous immunity and elicit potent antitumor immune responses. Concurrently, nanomedicine has revolutionized the way we fight diseases with unique physical properties and distinct mechanisms of action. In particular, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, which are biomimetic nanotherapeutics derived from natural plasma cell membrane, have demonstrated tremendous benefits in cancer immunotherapy. Herein, the first chapter of this dissertation will be dedicated to the design principles and current status of cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for anticancer vaccination. The second chapter of the dissertation will focus on the design, fabrication, and biological functions of a biomimetic anticancer vaccine that can co-deliver tumor antigens and immunostimulatory adjuvants. This nanovaccine utilizes natural cancer cell membrane to provide multivalent-antigen specificity, drains efficiently to lymphatic system to engage immune cells, and elicits a strong immune response to control tumor growth in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. The third chapter of the dissertation will focus on the design, fabrication, and biological functions of a biomimetic nanoparticle platform that can be used to mobilize specific T cell subsets without the need for professional antigen-presenting cells. This nanoparticle utilizes engineered cancer cell membrane that express a T cell co-stimulatory marker and present peptide epitopes, the two signals necessary to promote tumor antigen-specific T cell immune responses. These two platforms both represent powerful tools that can be used to develop personalized cancer immunotherapies down the road. This dissertation will serve as a paradigm to rationally design both natural and engineered cancer cell membrane coated nanoparticles for antitumor immunotherapy. By harnessing the amply available engineering tools, researchers could enhance the functionalities of cell membrane beyond the natural properties of parent cells, and significantly expand the application of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles beyond antitumor immunotherapy.

Download or read book Vaccine Development Via Cell Membrane Coating Technology written by Jiarong Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell membrane coating technology is a technique that strips plasma membrane from intact cells and faithfully endows the biological functionalities onto inanimate materials. For immune modulation, this elegant strategy enables an effortless approach to design and synthesize multivalent vaccines against a multitude of different diseases. In combination with the unique attributes of nanotechnology, cell membrane coating technology can drastically improve the efficacy and safety of conventional drug formulations. The first chapter of this dissertation will explore the advantages of nanoparticles and how those distinctive properties can be leveraged for the application of biomimetic nanovaccines for personalized therapies. The second part of this dissertation will focus on the design of cell membrane-coated nanovaccines fabricated with materials sourced from pathogens. Through this process, the immune system is trained directly against the infectious agents and can immediately identify the threat upon encounter. Examples of this vaccination approach for a parasite and a multidrug-resistant bacteria will be elaborated. Along the lines of pathogenic diseases, the third section of this dissertation will examine a toxin-detainment approach for antivirulence vaccination. Host cell membrane is utilized to capture and attenuate the toxicity of bacterial virulence factors before the entire package is safely introduce to the host for immune priming. Rather than eliciting immunity towards the actual bacteria, antivirulence vaccination improve patient outcomes by removing the tools pathogens exploit for survival. The last portion of the dissertation will switch over to therapeutic vaccines for cancer therapy. In the first half, leukemic cell membrane is employed to educate host immune system to recognize lingering malignant cells following chemotherapy. In the second half, a micromotor is utilized along with bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles for the physical disruption of solid tumors. The immunostimulatory membrane vesicles help recruit local immune cells to process the destroyed tumor cells for downstream immune activation. Ultimately, a potent immune response personalized for the treated tumor type is induced. By harnessing the ideas in this dissertation as a framework, a plethora of novel vaccines can be easily developed with cell membrane coating technology to address other areas of unmet clinical needs.

Download or read book Progress in Cancer Immunotherapy written by Shuren Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers an extensive overview of recent progress in basic and clinical research on cancer immunotherapy. Thanks to rapid advances in molecular biology and immunology, it has become increasingly evident that cancer growth is influenced by host immune responses. With the success of a number of clinical trials, immunotherapy has become a promising treatment modality of cancer. This book covers five major topics, including monoclonal antibodies, biological response modifiers, cancer vaccines, adoptive cellular therapy and oncolytic viruses. It also examines the combination of different immune strategies as well as the combination of immunotherapy with other treatments to increase anti-tumor effects. Through the comprehensive discussion of the topic, the book sheds valuable new light on the treatment of tumors.

Download or read book Cell Membrane Cloaked Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapeutics written by Brian Luk and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of nanoparticle-based delivery systems has made a significant impact on clinical patient outcomes. In recent decades, myriad nanoparticle-based therapeutic agents have been developed for the treatment and management of ailments such as cancer, diabetes, pain, bacterial infections, and asthma, among many others. Nanotherapeutics offer many distinct advantages over conventional free drug formulations. For example, nanoparticles are able to accumulate at tumor sites by extravasation through leaky vasculature at tumor sites via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect; nanoparticles can also be tailored to have desirable characteristics, such as prolonged circulation in the blood stream, improved drug encapsulation, and sustained or triggered drug release. Currently, a growing number of nanoformulations with favorable pharmacological profiles and promising efficacy are being used in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Building on the success of these encouraging clinical results, new engineering strategies have emerged that combine synthetic nanoparticles with natural biomaterials to create nature-inspired biomimetic delivery systems. The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the biointerfacing between synthetic and natural materials, namely in the manifestation of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. By exploiting the natural functionalities of source cell membranes, cell membrane-cloaked nanoparticles have huge potential in the delivery of therapeutic agents for a variety of applications. The first portion of this thesis will focus on understanding the fundamentals underlying cell membrane coating on synthetic nanoparticles. First introduced in 2011, cell membrane-cloaked nanoparticles showed immediate promise in drug delivery applications, but further understanding was necessary to be able to harness the full potential of the membrane coating platform. The first section provides further insight into the interfacial interactions between membranes and synthetic nanoparticles, and how the membrane coating technique faithfully translates the complexities of natural cellular membranes to the nanoscale. The following three sections explore potential therapeutic applications of membrane-coated nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery, biodetoxification, and immunomodulation. Ultimately, cell membrane-cloaked nanoparticles have the potential to significantly change the landscape of nanomedicine. The novel applications presented in this thesis are just a few of many examples currently being researched, with countless more avenues waiting to be explored.

Download or read book Cell Membrane Derived Materials written by Zhiyuan Fan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological materials are superior to synthetic biomaterials in biocompatibility and active interactions with cells. Recently, cell membrane-derived nanomaterials (CM-NMs) have been actively explored as a novel class of biological materials with various biomedical applications. However, the fundamental properties of CM-NMs were rarely studied. We first designed new methods to quantitatively study the membrane orientation of red blood cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (RBCM NPs) by conjugating ssDNA probes on cell membranes and cell membrane permeability by a nitrobenzoxadiazole-dithionite ion quenching system. We have demonstrated that membranes maintained a correct outside-out orientation on the majority of NPs, and RBCM NPs have a higher permeability to dithionite ions compared with liposomes and live RBCs. Next, we investigated the effect of cell membrane coating on reducing acute inflammatory responses induced by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs to scaffold constructs. The release of therapeutics from the NPs is an important strategy to program cells inside the scaffolds for applications in tissue regeneration and immune modulation. We have demonstrated that coating RBC membranes around NPs can eliminate the NP-induced short-term inflammatory responses to scaffolds, including dramatically increased neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We further developed a new class of biological materials: cell membrane-derived hydrogel scaffolds by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated alginate to crosslink RBCM vesicles. We have demonstrated that RBCM scaffolds can encapsulate hydrophobic molecules and have the potential to release hydrophobic drugs in a sustained manner. RBCM scaffolds show low neutrophil infiltration after subcutaneous injection in mice, and a significantly higher number of infiltrated macrophages than methacrylate alginate (MA-alginate) scaffolds. According to gene expression and surface markers, these macrophages have an M2-like phenotype, which is anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive. There are also higher percentages of macrophages presenting immunosuppressive PD-L1 in RBCM-scaffolds than in MA-alginate scaffolds. Interestingly, the concentrations of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 in both types of scaffolds are higher than those in normal organ tissues. This study paves the way to explore scaffolds derived from other cells that present receptors and/or contain cytokines in regulating immune cells or cells critical for tissue regeneration.

Download or read book Cell Surface Engineering written by Rawil Fakhrullin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of the recent achievements in surface-functionalised cells including fabrication, characterisation, applications and nanotoxicity.

Download or read book Nanomedicine for Cancer Therapy written by Piyush Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief focuses on the cancer therapy available till date, from conventional drug delivery to nanomedicine in clinical trial. In addition, it reports on future generation based nanotherapeutics and cancer theranostic agent for effective therapeutic diagnosis and treatment. Breast cancer was chosen as the model system in this review. The authors give emphasis to multiple drug resistance (MDR) and its mechanism and how to overcome it using the nanoparticle approach.

Download or read book Handbook of Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials written by Marina Dobrovolskaia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature, methodologies, and translational and regulatory considerations in the field of nanoimmunotoxicology. The main subject is the immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials. Focus areas include interactions between engineered nanomaterials and red blood cells, platelets, endothelial cells, professional phagocytes, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, complement and coagulation systems, and plasma proteins, with discussions on nanoparticle sterility and sterilization. Each chapter presents a broad literature review of the given focus area, describes protocols and resources available to support research in the individual focus areas, highlights challenges, and outlines unanswered questions and future directions. In addition, the Handbook includes an overview of and serves a guide to the physicochemical characterization of engineered nanomaterials essential to conducting meaningful immunological studies of nanoparticles. Regulations related to immunotoxicity testing of materials prior to their translation into the clinic are also reviewed.The Handbook is written by top experts in the field of nanomedicine, nanotechnology, and translational bionanotechnology, representing academia, government, industry, and consulting organizations, and regulatory agencies. The Handbook is designed to serve as a textbook for students, a practical guide for research laboratories, and an informational resource for scientific consultants, reviewers, and policy makers. It is written such that both experts and beginners will find the information highly useful and applicable.

Download or read book Advanced Healthcare Materials written by Ashutosh Tiwari and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary view of cutting-edge research on advanced materials for healthcare technology and applications Advanced healthcare materials are attracting strong interest in fundamental as well as applied medical science and technology. This book summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field of advanced materials for functional therapeutics, point-of-care diagnostics, translational materials, and up-and-coming bioengineering devices. Advanced Healthcare Materials highlights the key features that enable the design of stimuli-responsive smart nanoparticles, novel biomaterials, and nano/micro devices for either diagnosis or therapy, or both, called theranostics. It also presents the latest advancements in healthcare materials and medical technology. The senior researchers from global knowledge centers have written topics including: State-of-the-art of biomaterials for human health Micro- and nanoparticles and their application in biosensors The role of immunoassays Stimuli-responsive smart nanoparticles Diagnosis and treatment of cancer Advanced materials for biomedical application and drug delivery Nanoparticles for diagnosis and/or treatment of Alzheimers disease Hierarchical modelling of elastic behavior of human dental tissue Biodegradable porous hydrogels Hydrogels in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound care Modified natural zeolites Supramolecular hydrogels based on cyclodextrin poly(pseudo)rotaxane Polyhydroxyalkanoate-based biomaterials Biomimetic molecularly imprinted polymers

Download or read book NanoBioMedicine written by Shailendra K. Saxena and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-03 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent trends in various Nanotechnology-based therapeutics and challenges associated with its development. Nanobiotechnology is an interdisciplinary research that has wide applications in the various fields of biomedical research. The book discusses the various facets of the application of Nanotechnology in drug delivery, clinical diagnostics, Nanomedicine and treatment of infectious and chronic diseases. The book also highlights the recent advancements on important devices and applications that are based on Nanotechnology in medicine and brief the regulatory and ethical issues related to nanomedical devices. It also reviews the toxicological profile of various nanomaterials and emphasizes the need for safe nanomaterials for clinical use. Finally, the book discusses the recent developments of potential commercial applications of Nanotechnology.

Download or read book Biomimetic Medical Materials written by Insup Noh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-23 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume outlines the current status in the field of biomimetic medical materials and illustrates research into their applications in tissue engineering. The book is divided into six parts, focusing on nano biomaterials, stem cells, tissue engineering, 3D printing, immune responses and intellectual property. Each chapter has its own introduction and outlines current research trends in a variety of applications of biomimetic medical materials. The biomimetic medical materials that are covered include functional hydrogels, nanoparticles for drug delivery and medicine, the 3D bioprinting of biomaterials, sensor materials, stem cell interactions with biomaterials, immune responses to biomaterials, biodegradable hard scaffolds for tissue engineering, as well as other important topics, like intellectual property. Each chapter is written by a team of experts. This volume attempts to introduce the biomimetic properties of biomedical materials within the context of our current understanding of the nanotechnology of nanoparticles and fibres and the macroscopic aspects of 3D bioprinting.

Download or read book Subunit Vaccine Delivery written by Camilla Foged and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-22 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume compiles the concepts essential for the understanding of the pharmaceutical science and technology associated with the delivery of subunit vaccines. Twenty-one chapters are divided into four main parts: (I) Background; (2) Delivery Systems for Subunit Vaccines; (3) Delivery Routes, Devices and Dosage Forms; and (4) Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Control of Vaccines. Part one provide a basic background with respect to immunology and general vaccine classification. In part two, it presents representative types of vaccine delivery systems individually with focus on the physicochemical properties of the systems and their significance for the immune response they stimulate. These delivery systems include aluminum adjuvants, emulsions, liposomes, bilosomes, cubosomes/hexosomes, ISCOMs, virus-like particles, polymeric nano- and microparticles, gels, implants and cell-based delivery systems. Following these chapters, part three addresses the challenges associated with vaccine delivery via specific routes of administration—in particular subcutaneous, intramuscular, oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal and vaginal administration. Furthermore, the specific administration routes are discussed in combination with device technologies relevant for the respective routes as well as dosage forms appropriate for the device technology. Finally, the fourth part concerns pharmaceutical analysis and quality control of subunit vaccines.

Download or read book Nanoparticle Protein Corona written by Ashutosh Kumar and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoparticles have numerous biomedical applications including drug delivery, bone implants and imaging. A protein corona is formed when proteins existing in a biological system cover the nanoparticle surface. The formation of a nanoparticle–protein corona, changes the behaviour of the nanoparticle, resulting in new biological characteristics and influencing the circulation lifetime, accumulation, toxicity, cellular uptake and agglomeration. This book provides a detailed understanding of nanoparticle–protein corona formation, its biological significance and the factors that govern the formation of coronas. It also explains the impact of nanoparticle–protein interactions on biological assays, ecotoxicity studies and proteomics research. It will be of interest to researchers studying the application of nanoparticles as well as toxicologists and pharmaceutical chemists.

Download or read book Unraveling the Safety Profile of Nanoscale Particles and Materials written by Andreia Ferreira de Castro Gomes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As nanomaterials become increasingly present in our daily lives, pertinent questions regarding their safety arise. Nanomaterial risk assessment, as in other areas, directs much of the effort worldwide in defining guidelines that may be translated into national or international directives. Nanomaterials encompass different entities, from nanoparticles to nanostructured materials, with specific effects over cells, tissues, organisms and ecosystems depending on their biophysical characteristics. Such interactions will directly affect the impact of novel nanotechnologies. This book aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in nanotoxicology, featuring the most important developments and critical issues regarding the use of and exposure to nanoparticles.

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy written by Mansoor M. Amiji and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-19 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While simultaneous breakthroughs occurring in molecular biology and nanoscience/technology will ultimately revolutionize all of medicine, it is with our efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat cancer that many of the most dramatic advances will occur. In support of this potential, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) established the Alliance fo