Download or read book Cell Mechanics Regulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Morphology and T Cell Activation written by Luis Santos and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Chapter 3, I analyze how matrix chemistry and substrate rigidity affect human mesenchymal stem cell morphology in the context of lineage differentiation, and speculate on potential mechanisms that cells use to sense local rigidity. In Chapter 4, I present a new substrate design that facilitates live visualization of the interface formed between a T cell and an antigen presenting cell, i.e. the immunological synapse, and discuss the impact of intercellular forces on T cell activation. In Chapter 5, I explore the molecular mechanism of Cas-L mechanical activation at the immunological synapse of T cells, and demonstrate how Cas-L regulates T cell activation in the context of an immune response. Finally, in Chapter 6, I lay down the main conclusions of the thesis, and discuss ongoing projects that directly follow up on the results of this thesis.
Download or read book Mechanotransduction written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references. Volume 126 features in-depth reviews that focus on the tools required to investigate mechanotransduction. Additional chapters focus on how we can use these tools to answer fundamental questions about the interaction of physical forces with cell biology, morphogenesis, and function of mature structures. Chapters in the volume are authored by a unique combination of cell biologists and engineers, providing a range of perspectives on mechanotransduction. Provides a unique combination of perspectives from biologists and engineers Engaging to people of many training backgrounds
Download or read book Mechanical and Biological Mechanisms of Regulating Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation written by Anne Kathryn Staples and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of how hMSCs respond to different types of mechanical loading, how this response differs from a traditional growth factor approach of inducing cellular differentiation and how their responsiveness to mechanical stimulation varies with cell differentiation stage are all critical for the successful design of tissue engineering constructs that are optimally organized for a specific mechanical function.
Download or read book In Situ Tissue Regeneration written by Sang Jin Lee and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-17 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Situ Tissue Regeneration: Host Cell Recruitment and Biomaterial Design explores the body’s ability to mobilize endogenous stem cells to the site of injury and details the latest strategies developed for inducing and supporting the body’s own regenerating capacity. From the perspective of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, this book describes the mechanism of host cell recruitment, cell sourcing, cellular and molecular roles in cell differentiation, navigational cues and niche signals, and a tissue-specific smart biomaterial system that can be applied to a wide range of therapies. The work is divided into four sections to provide a thorough overview and helpful hints for future discoveries: endogenous cell sources; biochemical and physical cues; smart biomaterial development; and applications. Explores the body’s ability to mobilize endogenous stem cells to the site of injury Details the latest strategies developed for inducing and supporting the body’s own regenerating capacity Presents smart biomaterials in cell-based tissue engineering applications—from the cell level to applications—in the first unified volume Features chapter authors and editors who are authorities in this emerging field Prioritizes a discussion of the future direction of smart biomaterials for in situ tissue regeneration, which will affect an emerging and lucrative industry
Download or read book Mechanics Regulate Stem Cell Differentiation and Tissue Development written by Jonathon M. Muncie and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering functional tissues and organs from stem cells requires simultaneous control over both cell fate and organization of tissue architecture. Cell-generated forces, such as cytoskeletal contractility, traction stresses, and cell-cell tension have long been recognized as critical drivers of tissue morphogenesis; nevertheless, it has remained unclear whether these physical forces also directly regulate cell fate decisions by modulating biochemical signaling pathways. In this work, we demonstrated that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultured on compliant engineered substrates self-organize to form discrete gastrulation nodes that foster mesoderm specification. We identified a mechanism whereby localized high cell-adhesion tension induces mesoderm specification by enhancing Wnt/Îø-catenin signaling, and furthermore, we showed that application of mechanical tension via stretching is sufficient to induce mesoderm specification. Additionally, we demonstrated that cell adhesion proteins and regulators of cytoskeletal contractility control pattern formation in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), independent of cell fate specification. Further, we discovered that a specific Wnt ligand from the niche regulates muscle stem cell (SC) quiescence via Rho signaling that promotes SC contractility. Finally, we developed a novel protocol for performing atomic force microscopy (AFM) on mouse bone marrow to enable characterization of the biophysical properties of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. Together, these findings underscore the interplay between tissue organization, cell-generated forces, and morphogen-dependent differentiation. This body of work demonstrates that mechanical forces play a direct role in cell fate specification during development and regulate stem cell function in the adult organism.
Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes written by Yaoliang Tang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are at the forefront of research in two of the most high profile and funded scientific areas – cardiovascular research and stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes provides insight into the biofunction and molecular mechanisms, practical tools for research, and a look toward the clinical applications of this exciting phenomenon which is emerging as an effective diagnostic. Primarily focused on the cardiovascular applications where there have been the greatest advancements toward the clinic, this is the first compendium for clinical and biomedical researchers who are interested in integrating MSC-derived exosomes as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Introduces the MSC-exosome mediated cell-cell communication Covers the major functional benefits in current MSC-derived exosome studies Discusses strategies for the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cardiovascular therapies
Download or read book The TGF beta Family written by Rik Derynck and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transforming growth factor-[beta] (TGF-[beta]), identified nearly three decades ago, is a secreted polypeptide that functions in critical cell cycle processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and development: It belongs to a large protein family that, in humans, contains 33 members, including activins, inhibins, bone morphogenetic proteins, growth and differentiation factors, and Mullerian inhibiting substance. This volume draws on the world's leading laboratories to comprehensively cover all aspects of the biology of TGF-[beta] and related factors. In addition to providing historical and background information, it describes the cell biology and signaling pathways of TGF-[beta] members in detail, including the roles of TGF-[beta] factors in the development and physiology of humans and model organisms. The last few chapters are devoted to the role of TGF-[beta] members in cancer and other diseases, as well as the possibilities for therapeutics based on knowledge of signaling pathways and macromolecular structures. It serves as a comprehensive reference work for both specialists and researchers less familiar with the field.
Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy written by Lucas G. Chase and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others. MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies in vitro. In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population’s phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable in vitro expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress. The extensive number of ongoing clinical trials is expected to provide a clearer path forward for the realization and implementation of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Towards this end, reviews of current clinical trial results and discussions of relevant topics association with the clinical application of MSCs are compiled in this book from some of the leading researchers in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. Although not absolutely all-inclusive, we hope the chapters within this book can promote and enable a better understanding of the translation of MSCs from bench-to-bedside and inspire researchers to further explore this promising and quickly evolving field.
Download or read book East India Company V6 written by Patrick Truck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2004. The purpose of this reference work is to offer a range of materials covering the history of the East India Company during the two and a half centuries of its existence. Volume 6 includes C. H. Philips' The East India Company, 1784-1834, a classic study first published in 1940, examines the final struggle between the directors of the East India Company and home governments in Britain for ascendancy over management of the company as a state in India.
Download or read book CELL GEOMETRY written by G. V. SHIVASHANKAR and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Myofibrillogenesis written by Dipak K. Dube and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-10-19 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myofibrillogenesis has been studied extensively over the last 100 years. Until recently, we have not had a comprehensive understanding of this fundamental process. The emergence of new technologies in molecular and cellular biology, combined with classical embryology, have started to unravel some of the complexities of myofibril assembly in striated muscles. In striated muscles, the contractile proteins are arranged in a highly ordered three dimensional lattice known as the sarcomere. The assembly of a myofibril involves the precise ordering of several proteins into a linear array of sarcomeres. Multiple isoforms in many of these proteins further complicate the process, making it difficult to define the precise role of each component. This volume has been compiled as a comprehensive reference on myofibrillogenesis. In addition, the book includes reviews on myofibrillar disarray under various pathological conditions, such as familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC), and incorporates a section on the conduction system in the heart. Much of the information in this volume has not been described elsewhere. Presented in a manner to be of value to students and teachers alike, "Myofibrillogenesis" will be an invaluable reference source for all in the fields of muscle biology and heart development.
Download or read book Adipose Derived Stem Cells written by Jeffrey M. Gimble and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, a wide range of scientific disciplines have adopted the use of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) as an important tool for research and discovery. In Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols, experts from the field, including members of the esteemed International Federation of Adipose Therapeutics and Science (IFATS), provide defined and established protocols in order to further codify the utilization of these powerful and accessible cells. With chapters organized around approaches spanning the discovery, pre-clinical, and clinical processes, much of the emphasis is placed on human ASC, while additional techniques involving small and large animal species are included. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series, the detailed contributions include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols serves as a vital reference text for experienced researchers as well as new students on the path to further exploring the incredible potential of ASCs.
Download or read book Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development written by Isabelle Godin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-27 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects articles on the biology of hematopoietic stem cells during embryonic development, reporting on fly, fish, avian and mammalian models. The text invites a comparative overview of hematopoietic stem cell generation in the different classes, emphasizing conserved trends in development. The book reviews current knowledge on human hematopoietic development and discusses recent breakthroughs of relevance to both researchers and clinicians.
Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Phuc Van Pham and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Isolation, Characterization, and Applications thoroughly presents the isolation, characterization, and some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the clinic. The book has two parts: "Isolation and Characterization" and "Clinical Perspectives and Applications." In Part I, the subsequent chapters introduce some techniques in isolation, characterization, and purification of mesenchymal stem cells in different tissues. In Part II, some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the popular diseases, which include cartilage regeneration, spinal cord injury, and osteoarthritis, are discussed. This book provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of mesenchymal stem cells for advanced students, graduate students, and researchers.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Differentiation written by Paul B. Fisher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-09-20 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant recent advances in cell culture technology now permit a detailed biochemical and molecular analysis of differentiation in both normal and tumor cells. These studies are important in attempting to understand the complex factors involved in normal growth and development, as well as the abnormalities associated with carcinogenesis. Mechanisms of Differentiation, Volumes I and II, is comprised of review chapters addressing various topics of current interest in this important area of research. Topics discussed include genes controlling differentiation, changes in gene expression during differentiation, induction of differentiation, induction of differentiation as a mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents, and the effect of cell shape, growth factors and differentiation modulating agents on the differentiated cell phenotype. Mechanisms of Differentiation is valuable to researchers involved in differentiation and development, carcinogenesis, cell biology, chemotherapy, and immunology.
Download or read book Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Mitchell Khan and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2021 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Chapter 1, the COVID-19 pandemic and the damage mechanisms on the cellular level which can be ameliorated with the cellular therapies is thoroughly evaluated. Previous and ongoing stem cell clinical trial data from diseases with similar symptoms is gathered. All this accumulated data and current clinical trial results indicate that the cellular therapies could be the most effective treatment option for COVID-19 patients to ameliorate the damaged tissues and save lives. In Chapter 2, the authors examine activated mesenchymal stem cells for stroke repair. Stem Cell treatment has shown recovery in animal models of stroke, indicating an improved regenerative and repair potential. Though stem cells are still being used in clinical trials, there is no evidence that they enhance recovery in ischemic stroke patients. Nevertheless, the multipotent mesenchymal stem has widely been explored for stroke recovery. An'Activated MSC' as a therapeutic alternative to tackling ischemic stroke is proposed, thereby the activation of MSCs by cytokines, growth factors, hypoxia, pharmacological drugs, etc., could be a novel approach to improving stroke patients' responses to receiving MSCs. In Chapter 3, the potential benefits of in vitro culture of therapeutic stem cells in the presence of HB along with the ketogenic diet, whereby higher physiological concentrations of ketone bodies can be achieved in vivo, as an adjuvant to stem cell transplantation is assessed"--
Download or read book Adult and Embryonic Stem Cells written by Kursad Turksen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-03 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will cover a series of reviews on stem cells including adult and embryonic stem cells. Speakers were invited to present these talks during the Stem Cell Symposia in fall of 2010, in Samsun, Turkey. Unique aspect of this volume is that it brings a multidisciplinary aspect of stem cells extracted from a symposium.
