Download or read book Cell Death in Mammalian Ovary written by Gerardo H. Vázquez-Nin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ovary is a suitable organ for studying the processes of cell death. Cell death was first described in the rabbit ovary (Graaffian follicles), the phenomenon being called ‘chromatolysis’. To date, it is recognized that various forms of cell death (programmed cell death, apoptosis and autophagy) are essential components of ovarian development and function. Programmed cell death is responsable for the ovarian endowment of primordial follicles around birth; in the prepuberal and adult period, apoptosis is a basic mechanism by which oocytes are eliminated by cancer therapies and environmental toxicants; in the ovarian cycle, follicular atresia and luteal regression involve follicular cell apoptosis. Finally, abnormalities in cell death processes may lead to ovarian disease such as cancer and chemoresistance. In this book, after an introductory description of various forms of cell death and of the ovary development and function in mammals, the processes of cell death in ovarian somatic cells and oocytes are described at cytological, physiological and molecular levels and analyzed in the embryonic, prepuberal and adult ovary. A complex array of molecular pathways triggered by extrinsic and intrinsic signals able tor induce or suppress cell death in the same cell, according to cell type and ovary developmental stage, emerges. Physiological interactions with the axis hypothalamus-hypophysis as well as ovarian internal functional signal are also critically reviewed to explain the abortive development of follicles before the beginning of the ovarian cycle. The book conveys information useful to the updating of biologists and physicians who are interested to the ovary biology and functions. Hopefully it should provide also clues for stimulating novel experiments in the study of cell death in the mammalian ovary still at an early stage.
Download or read book Cell Death in Reproductive Physiology written by Jonathan L. Tilly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The regulation of cell death in various reproductive tissues, as in other ma jor organ systems of the body, has become a focal point of research activity in many laboratories over the past few years. As such, the need for a "for mal" meeting to highlight recent work in this field, as well as to integrate knowledge from other sources (such as investigators working on cell death in cancer and immune function) in the broad context of identifying con served pathways that coordinate life-and-death decisions in diverse cell types, became apparent. Therefore, the goals of the Scientific Committee of the International Symposium on Cell Death in Reproductive Physiology, spon sored by Serono Symposia USA, were already predetermined by this need. Simply stated, we sought to bring together for the first time a select cohort of reproductive biologists and cell death researchers, many but not all cho sen based on their pioneering efforts in elucidating the fundamental aspects of apoptosis in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues, as a means to re view the current status of the field, foster new ideas, and promote scientific collaborations. In the ensuing chapters of this book, summaries of work dis cussed at the meeting are presented to emphasize both the diversity and the similarities in the occurrence and regulation of apoptosis in tissues of the male and female reproductive systems.
Download or read book Atlas of the Mammalian Ovary written by Katharina Spanel-Borowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the era of molecular biology, an atlas that allows a rapid understanding of the complexity of ovarian processes is urgently needed. In this book, the author draws upon her own research, conducted over the past three decades, to provide a unique compilation of high-quality illustrations that offer illuminating insights in a readily accessible form. The ovarian follicles, the corpus luteum, and the interstitial cortex are presented as precisely controlled homeostatic compartments. Physiologic cell death forms and leukocyte subtypes are clearly depicted, and the various steps in the ovulatory process are demonstrated in detail. Further topics addressed include the microvascular bed, the plasticity of intraovarian nerves as part of the remodelling processes in the polycystic and the menopausal ovary, and the role of cytokeratin-positive cells as messengers of innate immunity. This atlas will be a fascinating and informative resource for both trainees and more experienced professionals.
Download or read book Autophagy A Double Edged Sword written by Yannick Bailly and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in this book review the latest advances in the molecular mechanisms of autophagy, highlighting some of the most challenging research topics. The focus is mainly on how this basic cell defense mechanism comes into play in various pathologies, including liver diseases, myopathies, infectious diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. In these diseases, the contradictory autophagy roles of cell survival versus cell death emphasize the necessity of taking into account this double-edged nature in future development of already promising, autophagy- modulating, therapies.
Download or read book Perspectives on Mammalian Cell Death written by C. S. Potten and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1987 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the wide range of approaches to and definitions of cell death as explored by scientists in different disciplines. There is no single definition of cell death that can be accepted and used by all biologists, yet it is clear that understanding how and why cells die is crucial to understanding many biological and pathological processes. The thirteen chapters, written by scientists involved in various disciplines, bring together the experimental approaches and most up-to-date concepts important to different biological disciplines, providing an insight into the common ground and fundamental principles.
Download or read book Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress During Mammalian Follicular Atresia written by Gerardo Hebert V√°zquez-Nin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Follicles are ovarian structures that contain a single germ cell. During the mammalian reproductive lifetime, ovarian follicles mature through the process of follicular development, with the aim of selecting oocytes for ovulation. As part of this process, several follicles are eliminated by means of follicular atresia, a mechanism that mainly involves apoptosis. Nevertheless, it has been shown that there are other routes of programmed cell death in the ovary including autophagy, paraptosis, and necroptosis. Surprisingly, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in these different programmed cell death pathways. Moreover, there are several evidences for the pathways triggered by intra- and extracellular signals in endoplasmic reticulum-induced cell death. Thus, it is important to analyze the participation of endoplasmic reticulum in follicular atresia.
Download or read book Apoptosis Genes written by James W. Wilson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This useful work presents a current overview of key genes involved in the control of apoptosis research together with thoughts on future prospects and clinical applications. While there are several books written on apoptosis, this one deals specifically with its regulation.
Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.
Download or read book Ovarian Apoptosis written by Benjamin K. Tsang and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fate of ovarian cells (i.e. proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic cell death) is determined by complex actions of endocrine and paracrine factors and is dependent on cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Apoptosis in the ovary is the cellular basis of important physiological processes including follicular atresia and ovulation, and also occurs in disease conditions such as cancer and chemoresistance. This special issue provides a current overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of ovarian cell survival and apoptosis in these contexts. It reviews the role and regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis by gonadotropins, growth factors and cytokines during follicular atresia at different stages of development as well as the importance and relative expression of intraovarian survival and death-inducing proteins. Emphasis is placed on the crosstalk between the death and survival signalling pathways, and their role in follicular selection in both mammals and higher vertebrates. The involvement of apoptosis and tissue remodelling in the ovulatory process is examined. Cell adhesion protein-mediated cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are important cell survival determinants in human ovarian epithelial cancer cells. The role deregulation plays in the expression of tumor suppressor and/or cell survival genes as well as in the processing of their products in ovarian tumorigenesis and chemoresistance is also discussed. Researchers, clinicians and educators will find this current reference source and teaching material very useful.
Download or read book Ovarian Cell Interactions written by Aaron J.W. Hsueh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the introduction of molecular and cellular biology approaches, our understanding of ovarian physiology has reached a new level during the last few years. The present volume provides a new perspective on the ovary from molecular and cellular to whole organ levels, from non-mammalian and rodent to human levels and from paracrine, neuroendocrine and endocrine levels as well. These papers represent the proceedings of the Ninth Ovarian Workshop sponsored by Serono Symposia, USA, July 9-11, 1992 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Download or read book Introduction to Mammalian Reproduction written by Daulat Tulsiani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Mammalian Reproduction is a welcome contribution to the fields of gametogenesis, gamete transport, fertilization, and reproduction technologies. Key topics covered include: *formation and maturation of male gametes; *morphology and physiology of female gametes; *how the sperm meets the egg; *sperm-egg fusion, egg activation, and implantation of fertilized egg; *assisted reproduction and environmental chemicals that have an effect on formation and function of male and female gametes. This book is for both researchers and students involved in reproductive biology.
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Fertility Preservation written by Jacques Donnez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-03 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The specialty of fertility preservation offers patients with cancer, who are rendered infertile by chemo- and radiotherapy, the opportunity to realize their reproductive potential. This gold-standard publication defines the specialty. The full range of techniques and scientific concepts is covered in detail, and the author team includes many of the world's leading experts in the field. The book opens with introductions to fertility preservation in both cancer and non-cancer patients, followed by cancer biology, epidemiology and treatment, and reproductive biology and cryobiology. Subsequent sections cover fertility preservation strategies in males and females, including medical/surgical procedures, ART, cryopreservation and transplantation of both ovarian tissue and the whole ovary, and in-vitro follicle growth and maturation. Concluding chapters address future technologies, as well as ethical, legal and religious issues. Richly illustrated throughout, this is a key resource for all clinicians specializing in reproductive medicine, gynecology, oncology, hematology, endocrinology and infertility.
Download or read book The Function and Modulation of Programmed Cell Death 4 PDCD4 in Ovarian Cancer written by Na Wei (M. Phil.) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Textbook of Clinical Embryology written by Kevin Coward and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of Assisted Reproductive Technology is critically dependent upon the use of well optimized protocols, based upon sound scientific reasoning, empirical observations and evidence of clinical efficacy. Recently, the treatment of infertility has experienced a revolution, with the routine adoption of increasingly specialized molecular biological techniques and advanced methods for the manipulation of gametes and embryos. This textbook – inspired by the postgraduate degree program at the University of Oxford – guides students through the multidisciplinary syllabus essential to ART laboratory practice, from basic culture techniques and micromanipulation to laboratory management and quality assurance, and from endocrinology to molecular biology and research methods. Written for all levels of IVF practitioners, reproductive biologists and technologists involved in human reproductive science, it can be used as a reference manual for all IVF labs and as a textbook by undergraduates, advanced students, scientists and professionals involved in gamete, embryo or stem cell biology.
Download or read book Oocyte Granulosa Cell Signaling in 4 Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide Induced Ovotoxicity written by Shannon Marie Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At birth, the mammalian ovary has a finite number of dormant primordial follicles. Repeated daily dosing of rats with the occupational chemical, 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), depletes the ovary of small pre-antral follicles (primordial and primary follicles) through an increase in the natural process of atresia (apoptosis). In addition, in vitro exposure of postnatal day 4 (PND4) rat ovaries to VCD causes a similar depletion of ovarian follicles. Since many growth factors play crucial roles in the promotion of early folliculogenesis and follicle survival, it is possible that any number of factors and subsequent signaling pathways could be disrupted in response to VCD exposure. Therefore, the studies in this work address the hypothesis that VCD disrupts oocyte-granulosa cell survival pathways in the rat ovary, thereby compromising cell-cell communication and causing follicle cell death. The results from the first aim reveal that through the use of genomic analyses a subset of genes were determined to be affected via in vivo and in vitro exposure routes to VCD. The results of the second aim show that two transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ) growth factors, growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9), and bone morphogenetic factor-4 (BMP-4), are not likely involved in VCD-induced ovotoxicity as they were unable to prevent ovarian follicle loss in the presence of VCD. The results of the third aim reveal that expression of the c-Kit receptor, present on the oocytes, is decreased and its ligand, Kit Ligand (KL), produced from the granulosa cells, is increased in response to in vitro VCD exposure. In addition, attenuation of VCD-induced follicle loss occurs in the presence of exogenous KL. Finally, the results of the fourth aim examines the involvement of the AKT signaling molecule in response to VCD exposure, in which the active phosphorylated AKT is determined to be down-regulated by VCD. Taken together, these studies show that VCD is able to disrupt at least one of the cellular survival pathways that are crucial to maintain the ovarian follicle. As a result, a breakdown in cell-cell communication may occur at that level and contribute to an increase in follicular atresia and eventual cell death.
Download or read book Ovarian Development in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Robert C. King and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Xanthotoxin mediated Apoptosis in the Rat Ovary written by Danielle Sarah Cipolla McDermott and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homeostasis of the ovary is dependent on the interaction of several mechanisms, both within and outside of the organ. The coordination of these mechanisms leads to the growth of ovarian follicles and their cyclic ovulation. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, regulates the number of follicles ovulated, through a distiinct framework of gene regulation and signaling pathways. Previous experiments have demonstrated that foreign agents may induce apoptosis in a distinct follicular stage, typical of the inducing agent. Xanthotoxin, a naturally occurring photosensitizer and drug used to treat various skin depigmentation disorders has been implicated in several reproductive effects in the Wistar rat, including decreased birth rate as a direct result of decreased ovulations. Histological examination of treated animals also determined that xanthotoxin targets the follicle and its granulosa cells at the antral stage and reduces 17-b estradiol. The present study investigates the potential for programmed cell death as the mechanism of xanthotoxin-mediated toxicity. Female Wistar rats were dosed (2500ppm diet) for twelve weeks. Biomarkers of apoptotic activity were compared in control and treated subjects through Western blotting. Levels of aromatase protein (cytochrome P450 19) were measured as both a marker of follicular apoptosis and possible origin of decreased estradiol. Levels of caspase 3 protein, the most common executioner of ovarian atresis, were also examined. Finally, histological sections of xanthotoxin-treated ovaries were examined via light microscopy for morphological characteristics associated with apoptosis. Significant decreases in protein levels of both aromatase and caspase-3 were observed in xanthotoxin-dosed female rats compared with the control. Histological analysis also confirmed follicular damage typical of apoptotic-stimulating agents in antral follicles of xanthotoxin-dosed rats. These findings are consistent with increased levels of oxidative DNA damage and moreover, a disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The significance of these results is far-reaching and may explain some of the adverse findings of reproductive effects reported in humans undergoing psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA).
