Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Forest Growth Trends in Europe written by Hans-Peter Kahle and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008-05-31 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest growth in Europe has been increasing during the last decades. Several possible causes have been suggested. In this book complementary approaches are used to discriminate between factors. Increased nitrogen availability is indicated as the major cause of the observed growth increase. In the future, direct temperature effects and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration are likely to become more important.
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Forest Growth Trends in Europe written by Hans-Peter Kahle and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008-04-21 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest growth in Europe has been increasing during the last decades. Several possible causes have been suggested. In this book complementary approaches are used to discriminate between factors. Increased nitrogen availability is indicated as the major cause of the observed growth increase. In the future, direct temperature effects and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration are likely to become more important.
Download or read book Growth Trends in European Forests written by Heinrich Spiecker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Forest Institute (EFI) has five Research and Development priority ar eas: forest sustainability, forestry and possible climate change, structural changes in markets for forest products and services, policy analysis, and forest sector informa tion services and research methodology. In the area of forest sustainability our most important activity has been the project "Growth trends of European forests", the re sults of which are presented in this book. The project was started in August 1993 under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Heinrich Spiecker from the University of Freiburg, Germany, and it is one of the first EFI's research projects after its establishment in 1993. The main purpose of the project was to analyse whether site productivity has changed in European forests during the last decades. While several forest growth studies have been published at local, re gional and national levels, this project has aimed at stimulating a joint effort in iden tifying and quantifying possible growth trends and their spatial and temporal extent at the European level. Debate on forest decline and possible climate change, as well as considerations re lated to the long term supply of wood underline the importance of this project, both from environmental and industrial points of view. Knowledge on possible changes in growth trends is vital for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.
Download or read book Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Global Forests written by Enzai Du and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-22 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in Global Forests: Spatial Variation, Impacts, and Management Implications provides the most comprehensive knowledge on spatial variation and ecological impacts of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests, as well as forest management options to mitigate the negative impacts. Written and edited by international experts in the field, this book synthesizes recent research developments and insights in monitoring and modeling nitrogen deposition in global forests. The book also assesses ecological impacts of enhanced nitrogen deposition on forest structure and function and responses of forest ecosystems to decreasing nitrogen deposition in regions such as the European Union and North America. Finally, the book reviews indicators and thresholds for nitrogen saturation in global forests and analyzes remediation options to reduce impacts of excess nitrogen deposition. This is an important resource for researchers in forestry and biodiversity conservation, as well as graduate students, policymakers and others who want to understand environmental issues of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests. Offers a systematic view of the ecological impacts of enhanced nitrogen deposition Provides the most comprehensive knowledge on spatial variation and the ecological impacts of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests Presents expert research and findings on forest management options to remediate negative impacts
Download or read book The European Nitrogen Assessment written by Mark A. Sutton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the first continental-scale assessment of reactive nitrogen in the environment, this book sets the related environmental problems in context by providing a multidisciplinary introduction to the nitrogen cycle processes. Issues of upscaling from farm plot and city to national and continental scales are addressed in detail with emphasis on opportunities for better management at local to global levels. The five key societal threats posed by reactive nitrogen are assessed, providing a framework for joined-up management of the nitrogen cycle in Europe, including the first cost-benefit analysis for different reactive nitrogen forms and future scenarios. Incorporating comprehensive maps, a handy technical synopsis and a summary for policy makers, this landmark volume is an essential reference for academic researchers across a wide range of disciplines, as well as stakeholders and policy makers. It is also a valuable tool in communicating the key environmental issues and future challenges to the wider public.
Download or read book World Forests Markets and Policies written by Matti Palo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-31 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers information and insights into the potential of market and policy instruments in improving the state of the world's forests. It advocates the use of the concept of optimal mix of markets and policies as an approach to view the appropriate and operational roles of market and government in dealing with forestry issues. It does not offer a list of policy recommendations to be used as a general tool to combat the threats facing the world's forests. Obviously, the optimal mix of markets and policies must depend on the varying national and local conditions and, more specifically, on the level of development.
Download or read book Global Climate Change and Human Impacts on Forest Ecosystems written by J. Puhe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inclusion of forests as potential biological sinks in the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997 has attracted international attention and again has put scientific and political focus on the world's forests, regarding their state and development. The international discus sion induced by the Kyoto Protocol has clearly shown that not only the tropical rain forests are endangered by man's activities, but also that the forest ecosystems of boreal, temperate, mediterranean and subtropical regions have been drastically modified. Deforestation on a large scale, burning, over-exploitation, and the degra dation of the biological diversity are well-known symptoms in forests all over the world. This negative development happens in spite of the already existing knowledge of the benefits of forests on global energy and water regimes, the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other elements as well as on the biological and cultural diversity. The reasons why man does not take care of forests properly are manifold and complex and there is no easy solution how to change the existing negative trends. One reason that makes it so difficult to assess the impacts of human activity on the future development of forests is the large time scale in which forests react, ranging from decades to centuries.
Download or read book Planted Forests written by Julian Evans and published by CABI. This book was released on 2009 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planted forests - despite being only seven per cent of the world's forest resources, have superseded naturally regenerating forests as the principal source of industrial wood products. Lessening the pressure for wood production, on natural forests, tree planting has released them to be managed for other purposes - carbon sinks, soil and water protection, conservation of biological diversity, recreation and amenity. Representing a complement, but not an alternative, to natural forests, planted forests have become increasingly important for reducing worldwide deforestation, loss of forest ecosystems and forest degradation. Examining the significance of this rapidly emerging world resource, chapters consider the strengths and weaknesses of planted forests, management objectives for their use and aspects of ownership and policy. Data from key production countries are used to evaluate the implications and sustainability of planted forests as a source of forest products as well as social and ecological issues.
Download or read book Forest Growth Responses to the Pollution Climate of the 21st Century written by Lucy J. Sheppard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue of Water, Air and Soil Pollution offers contributions from the th 18 IUFRO workshop on Air Pollution Stress, Forest Responses to the Pollution st Climate of the 21 Century held in Edinburgh, Scotland, from September 21 to 23,1998. The meeting was held under the auspices of IUFRO, Research Group 7.04.00 chaired by Dr Kevin Percy of Canada. A new session structure was adopted to stimulate activity within the six working parties and a brief resume of these is presented at the front of this volume. The two, one-day plenary sessions were devoted to the two important air pollution issues, nitrogen deposition and ozone. Invited papers were augmented by a large and excellent contribution of poster papers. The final day comprised parallel Working Party Sessions with pre arranged speakers to stimulate discussions. One hundred and thirty one scientists attended, representing 20 countries and 7 IUFRO regions: Northern Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean, North America, Asia and the Western Pacific. Lucy Sheppard David Fowler Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 116: 1, 1999.
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Accelerating Tree Growth in Europe written by Timo Karjalainen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Climate Change and Human Impacts on Forest Ecosystems written by J. Puhe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-09 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inclusion of forests as potential biological sinks in the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997 has attracted international attention and again has put scientific and political focus on the world's forests, regarding their state and development. The international discus sion induced by the Kyoto Protocol has clearly shown that not only the tropical rain forests are endangered by man's activities, but also that the forest ecosystems of boreal, temperate, mediterranean and subtropical regions have been drastically modified. Deforestation on a large scale, burning, over-exploitation, and the degra dation of the biological diversity are well-known symptoms in forests all over the world. This negative development happens in spite of the already existing knowledge of the benefits of forests on global energy and water regimes, the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other elements as well as on the biological and cultural diversity. The reasons why man does not take care of forests properly are manifold and complex and there is no easy solution how to change the existing negative trends. One reason that makes it so difficult to assess the impacts of human activity on the future development of forests is the large time scale in which forests react, ranging from decades to centuries.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2016-10 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impacts of Climate Change on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in Boreal Forest Ecosystems written by Peter Eliasson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulations of increased CO2 also confirmed positive growth response in the short term. The response of soil carbon was similar, however predicted to be less than the increase of biomass. Nitrogen availability and negative feedback mechanisms of the plant soil system were critical to the results, indicating that nitrogen progressively limited the growth response.
Download or read book Combating Climate Change written by National Assessment of UK Forestry and Climate Change Steering Group and published by Stationery Office Books (TSO). This book was released on 2009 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This assessment presents a science-based analysis of the current and potential capabilities of the UK's forests and forest products to contribute to the mitigation of climate change. It shows unequivocally that: (1) a significant contribution to mitigation could be made by maintaining and increasing the rates at which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere by the UK's forests - the abatement of emissions; (2) there are other major contributions that forests and trees can make, for example in urban environments, and (3) that there are areas where substantial research is required to assess and reduce impacts and to develop the contribution of UK forestry to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change. The report follows the IPCC convention of identifying key findings at the start of each chapter. Authors have also identified research priorities at the end of their respective chapters and these proposals require serious and urgent consideration. Gaps in understanding are identified and, in some instances, there is a clear requirement for more scientific evidence in order that uncertainties in the projected impacts of climate change can be reduced. The driver in the new research programmes will be the need to enhance the contribution that UK trees and woodlands can make to a low carbon economy. It is the expressed intention of the report to provide the detailed evidence required to achieve sustainable forest management under what will be complex and changing climatic circumstances.
Download or read book Spruce Monocultures in Central Europe written by Emil Klimo and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Soil Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alpine and Polar Treelines in a Changing Environment written by Gerhard Wieser and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.
