Download or read book Catalytic Study of Iron Aluminium Cobalt and Vanadium Modified Titanium Silicalites 1 in the Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol by Hydrogen Peroxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research has studied the catalytic activity of titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) catalysts modified by Fe Al Co and V were synthesized, characterized and tested in the hydroxylation of benzene by hydrogen peroxide and the effects of pretreatment with nitric acid aqueous solution on the catalytic activity of catalysts. The results of the reaction show that the Fe Al Co and V incorporated in TS-1 framework promoted the catalytic activity higher than TS-1. Especially, the Co-TS-1 catalyst has the highest catalytic activity. After the catalysts were pretreated by nitric acid aqueous solution, the framework structure of catalyst is not destroyed and titanium in the framework is not removed. But, the extra-framework can be removed partly. As a result, the activity of the pretreated catalysts is improved. The catalytic activity of the investigated catalyst is in the following order Co-TS-1 > V-TS-1 > Fe-TS-1 > A1-TS-1 > TS-1. Co-TS-1 is found to be the best one due to it cause the lowest H[subscript2]O[subscript2] decomposition and has the least phenol product deposite on the surface.

Download or read book Catalytic Study of Cobalt Modified Titanium Silicalites 1 in the Hydroxylation of Toluene to Cresol by Hydrogen Peroxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Process and Chemical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Iron and Cobalt Catalysts written by Wilson D. Shafer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.

Download or read book Preparation of Cobalt Titanium Silicalite 1 Catalyst written by Nitiporn Sangngaen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium silicalite incorporated with various content of cobalt was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The synthesized catalyst (Co-TS-1) were characterized by various techniques XRF, BET, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, XPS and NH[subscript 3]-TPD, to study the effects of cobalt on the formation of titanium silicalite crystal. The oxidation properties of Co-TS-1 catalysts were investigated by using the gas phase oxidation reaction of 2-propanol as the test reaction. The study reveals that the maximum amount of cobalt which can be incorporated into the TS-1 structure without any interference to the main TS-1 structure is about 0.38 mol%. The analysis by XPS reveals that the oxidation state of cobalt cation in the TS-1 framework is +2. In addition, the incorporation of cobalt increases the amount of the weak acid site while the amount of the strong acid site decreases. The Co-TS-1 catalysts exhibit higher catalytic activity for the dehydration reaction than theunmodified TS-1 was also found that the selectivity toward propylene of Co-TS-1 is also higher than that of the unmodified TS-1.

Download or read book Synthesis Methodology Affecting Vanadium Titanium Silicalite 1 Catalyst written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vanadium titanium silicalite-1 (V/TS-1) samples (Si/Ti = 50, Si/V = 100) are synthesized by using hydrothermal method. To determine a suitable synthesis method that can control the amounts of titanium and vanadium in the MFI structure of synthesized catalysts, the effects of synthesis methodology (the vanadium salt addition method) and type of vanadium salt (VCl[subscript 3], VO(acac)[subscript 2] and V[subscript2]O[subscript 5] ) are investigated. The synthesized catalysts are characterized using various techniques such as XRF, XRD, BET, SEM, FT-IR, NH -TPD and ESR. The catalytic behavior is evaluated using the gas phase oxidation of 2-propanol (8 vol% oxygen, 5 vol% 2-propanol, balanced with argon). The catalytic reaction is carried out in a microreactor at a temperature range 100-500 degree Celsius, atmosphere pressure. This research shows that the vanadium salt addition method and the type of vanadium salt do not significantly affect the MFI structure as well as the reaction pathway. During the synthesis procedure, the vanadium species existing in the part of cation complex when it dissolved in aqueous solution is easier to be incorporated into the TS-1 structure than the ones exist in the part of anion complex. The surface area of the synthesized catalysts decrease inversely with the amount of vanadium incorporated. The NH[subscript 3] -TPD results indicate that the synthesized catalysts have two different types of acid site; the weaker one desorbed NH[subscript 3] at the temperature range 135-145 degree Celsius and the stronger one desorbed NH [subscript 3] at around 222-242 degree Celsius. For catalytic behavior, it is found that the synthesized V/TS-1 catalysts which have the vanadium active species derived from VCl [subscript 3] bonded on its surface are active in the 2-propanol oxidation and it can inhibit the dehydration and the combustion of 2-propanol. However, the ones which have the vanadium active species derived from VO(acac)[subscript 2] bonded on the catalyst surface do not be active in the 2-propanol oxidation but it can inhibit the 2-propanol combustion. Moreover, it is found that V[subscript 2]O[subscript 5] is not the suitable vanadium source for this synthesis method because V[superscript 5+] tends to stay in the anion complex which is more difficult to be incorporated into the TS-1 structure.

Download or read book Iron and Cobalt Catalysts written by Wilson D Shafer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.

Download or read book Surface Organometallic Chemistry Molecular Approaches to Surface Catalysis written by Jean-Marie Basset and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface organometallic chemistry is a new field bringing together researchers from organometallic, inorganic, and surface chemistry and catalysis. Topics ranging from reaction mechanisms to catalyst preparation are considered from a molecular basis, according to which the "active site" on a catalyst surface has a supra-molecular character. This. the first book on the subject, is the outcome of a NATO Workshop held in Le Rouret. France, in May. 1986. It is our hope that the following chapters and the concluding summary of recommendations for research may help to provide a definition of surface organometallic chemistry. Besides catalysis. the central theme of the Workshop, four main topics are considered: 1) Reactions of organometallics with surfaces of metal oxides, metals. and zeolites; 2) Molecular models of surfaces, metal oxides, and metals; 3) Molecular approaches to the mechanisms of surface reactions; 4) Synthesis and modification of zeolites and related microporous solids. Most surface organometallic chemistry has been carried out on amorphous high-surf ace-area metal oxides such as silica. alumina. magnesia, and titania. The first chapter. contributed by KNOZINGER. gives a short summary of the structure and reactivity of metal oxide surfaces. Most of our understanding of these surfaces is based on acid base and redox chemistry; this chemistry has developed from X-ray and spectroscopic data, and much has been inferred from the structures and reactivities of adsorbed organic probe molecules. There are major opportunities for extending this understanding by use of well-defined (single crystal) oxide surfaces and organometallic probe molecules.

Download or read book Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications written by Juan M. Coronado and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research for the development of more efficient photocatalysts has experienced an almost exponential growth since its popularization in early 1970’s. Despite the advantages of the widely used TiO2, the yield of the conversion of sun power into chemical energy that can be achieved with this material is limited prompting the research and development of a number of structural, morphological and chemical modifications of TiO2 , as well as a number of novel photocatalysts with very different composition. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a systematic account of the current understanding of the relationships between the physicochemical properties of the catalysts and photoactivity. The already long list of photocatalysts phases and their modifications is increasing day by day. By approaching this field from a material sciences angle, an integrated view allows readers to consider the diversity of photocatalysts globally and in connection with other technologies. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a valuable road-map, outlining the common principles lying behind the diversity of materials, but also delimiting the imprecise border between the contrasted results and the most speculative studies. This broad approach makes it ideal for specialist but also for engineers, researchers and students in related fields.

Download or read book Reaction Mechanisms in Carbon Dioxide Conversion written by Michele Aresta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-07 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an analysis of the reaction mechanisms relevant to a number of processes in which CO2 is converted into valuable products. Several different processes are considered that convert CO2 either in specialty chemicals or in bulk products or fuels. For each reaction, the mechanism is discussed and the assessed steps besides the dark sites of the reaction pathway are highlighted. From the insertion of CO2 into E-X bonds to the reduction of CO2 to CO or other C1 molecules or else to C2 or Cn molecules, the reactions are analysed in order to highlight the known and obscure reaction steps. Besides well known reaction mechanisms and energy profiles, several lesser known situations are discussed. Advancing knowledge of the latter would help to develop efficient routes for the conversion of CO2 into valuable products useful either in the chemical or in the energy industry. The content of this book is quite different from other books reporting the use of CO2. On account of its clear presentation, “Reaction Mechanisms in Carbon Dioxide Conversion” targets in particular researchers, teachers and PhD students.

Download or read book Advances in Catalytic Activation of Dioxygen by Metal Complexes written by László I. Simándi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of dioxygen activation and homogeneous catalytic oxidation by metal complexes has been in the focus of attention over the last 20 years. The widespread interest is illustrated by its recurring presence among the sessions and subject areas of important international conferences on various aspects of bioinorganic and coordination chemistry as well as catalysis. The most prominent examples are ICCC, ICBIC, EUROBIC, ISHC, and of course the ADHOC series of meetings focusing on the subject itself. Similarly, the number of original and review papers devoted to various aspects of dioxygen activation are on the rise. This trend is due obviously to the relevance of catalytic oxidation to biological processes such as dioxygen transport, and the action of oxygenase and oxidase enzymes related to metabolism. The structural and functional modeling of metalloenzymes, particularly of those containing iron and copper, by means of low-molecular complexes of iron, copper, ruthenium, cobalt, manganese, etc., have provided a wealth of indirect information helping to understand how the active centers of metalloenzymes may operate. The knowledge gained from the study of metalloenzyme models is also applicable in the design of transition metal complexes as catalytsts for specific reactions. This approach has come to be known as biomimetic or bioinspired catalysis and continues to be a fruitful and expanding area of research.

Download or read book Liquid Phase Oxidation via Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Mario G. Clerici and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets the stage for environmentally friendly industrial organic syntheses From basic principles to new and emerging industrial applications, this book offers comprehensive coverage of heterogeneous liquid-phase selective oxidation catalysis. It fully examines the synthesis, characterization, and application of catalytic materials for environmentally friendly organic syntheses. Readers will find coverage of all the important classes of catalysts, with an emphasis on their stability and reusability. Liquid Phase Oxidation via Heterogeneous Catalysis features contributions from an international team of leading chemists representing both industry and academia. The book begins with a chapter on environmentally benign oxidants and then covers: Selective oxidations catalyzed by TS-1 and other metal-substituted zeolites Selective catalytic oxidation over ordered nanoporous metallo-aluminophosphates Selective oxidations catalyzed by mesoporous metal-silicates Liquid phase oxidation of organic compounds by supported metal-based catalysts Selective liquid phase oxidations in the presence of supported polyoxometalates Selective oxidations catalyzed by supported metal complexes Liquid phase oxidation of organic compounds by metal-organic frameworks Heterogeneous photocatalysis for selective oxidations with molecular oxygen All the chapters dedicated to specific types of catalysts follow a similar organization and structure, making it easy to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts. The final chapter examines the latest industrial applications, such as the production of catechol and hydroquinone, cyclohexanone oxime, and propylene oxide. With its unique focus on liquid phase heterogeneous oxidation catalysis, this book enables researchers in organic synthesis and oxidation catalysis to explore and develop promising new catalytic materials and synthetic routes for a broad range of industrial applications.

Download or read book Zeolites and Metal organic Frameworks written by Vincent Blay and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines Zeolites and Metal-Organic Frameworks. It explains the different synthetic routes available to prepare these materials, and examines how they are used by science and industry.

Download or read book Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry written by Ruren Xu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-02-11 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry, Second Edition captures, in five distinct sections, the latest advancements in inorganic synthetic chemistry, providing materials chemists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists with a valuable reference source to help them advance their research efforts and achieve breakthroughs. Section one includes six chapters centering on synthetic chemistry under specific conditions, such as high-temperature, low-temperature and cryogenic, hydrothermal and solvothermal, high-pressure, photochemical and fusion conditions. Section two focuses on the synthesis and related chemistry problems of highly distinct categories of inorganic compounds, including superheavy elements, coordination compounds and coordination polymers, cluster compounds, organometallic compounds, inorganic polymers, and nonstoichiometric compounds. Section three elaborates on the synthetic chemistry of five important classes of inorganic functional materials, namely, ordered porous materials, carbon materials, advanced ceramic materials, host-guest materials, and hierarchically structured materials. Section four consists of four chapters where the synthesis of functional inorganic aggregates is discussed, giving special attention to the growth of single crystals, assembly of nanomaterials, and preparation of amorphous materials and membranes. The new edition's biggest highlight is Section five where the frontier in inorganic synthetic chemistry is reviewed by focusing on biomimetic synthesis and rationally designed synthesis. - Focuses on the chemistry of inorganic synthesis, assembly, and organization of wide-ranging inorganic systems - Covers all major methodologies of inorganic synthesis - Provides state-of-the-art synthetic methods - Includes real examples in the organization of complex inorganic functional materials - Contains more than 4000 references that are all highly reflective of the latest advancement in inorganic synthetic chemistry - Presents a comprehensive coverage of the key issues involved in modern inorganic synthetic chemistry as written by experts in the field

Download or read book Oxidation and Antioxidants in Organic Chemistry and Biology written by Evgeny T. Denisov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-03-29 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a comprehensive review of reactions of oxidation for different classes of organic compounds and polymers, and biological processes mediated by free radicals, Oxidation and Antioxidants in Organic Chemistry and Biology puts the data and bibliographical information you need into one easy-to-use resource. You will find up-to-date information

Download or read book Chromium Oxidations in Organic Chemistry written by G. Cainelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromium oxidation, well known and widely explored in organic chemistry since the very beginning of this science, is a topic of current interest for the organic chemist as evidenced by the continuous development of new techni ques and procedures reported in the literature. Chromium oxidation is a simple process which can be easily performed in the laboratory and scaled up in industry as well. Although almost every oxidizable organic functional group may undergo chromium oxidation, the most important fields of appli cation are the oxidation of alcohols, allylic and benzylic oxidation, oxidative degradation and oxidation of some organometallic compounds. A high degree of selectivity is often possible by choosing the most suitable reagent among those several ones now available. This book takes account of the various functional groups that undergo oxidation and the entire literature up to 1982. It has been written in the hope to help the synthetic organic chemist in his experimental work. For this purpose a number of tables comprising yields and references have been included; detailed descriptions of typical procedures are meant to show the experimental conditions and the scope of the reactions. We wish to thank Dr. Mario Orena for his valuable scientific and technical assistence and Prof. Bruno Camerino, who read the entire manuscript and corrected many of the errors. Bologna, February 1984 Gianfranco Cainelli Giuliana Cardillo Table of Contents I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . .

Download or read book Selective Oxidation by Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Gabriele Centi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective Oxidation by Heterogeneous Catalysis covers one of the major areas of industrial petrochemical production, outlining open questions and new opportunities. It gives keys for the interpretation and analysis of data and design of new catalysts and reactions, and provides guidelines for future research. A distinctive feature of this book is the use of concept by example. Rather than reporting an overview of the literature results, the authors have selected some representative examples, the in-depth analysis of which makes it possible to clarify the fundamental, but new concepts necessary for a better understanding of the new opportunities in this field and the design of new catalysts or catalytic reactions. Attention is given not only to the catalyst itself, but also to the use of the catalyst inside the process, thus evidencing the relationship between catalyst design and engineering aspects of the process. This book provides suggestions for new innovative directions of research and indications on how to reconsider the field of selective oxidation from different perspectives, outlining that is not a mature field of research, but that new important breakthroughs can be derived from fundamental and applied research. Suggestions are offered on how to use less conventional approaches in terms of both catalyst design and analysis of the data.