Download or read book Cash Shortage in the Former Soviet Union written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-06-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unexpected shortage of banknotes emerged during 1992 in the former Soviet Union. The cash shortage is explained by the asymmetry in the monetary union that prevailed, under which one member (the Russian Federation) controlled banknote production while every member could create deposit money. Interest rate rigidity forestalled an equilibrating adjustment in demand for banknotes. The possible efficiency costs of the cash shortage are explored.
Download or read book Cash Shortage in the Former Soviet Union written by Daniel C. L. Hardy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Piratization of Russia written by Marshall I. Goldman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-04-10 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1991, a small group of Russians emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union and enjoyed one of the greatest transfers of wealth ever seen, claiming ownership of some of the most valuable petroleum, natural gas and metal deposits in the world. By 1997, five of those individuals were on Forbes Magazine's list of the world's richest billionaires.
Download or read book A Full Value Ruble written by Kristy Ironside and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new history shows that, despite MarxismÕs rejection of money, the ruble was critical to the Soviet UnionÕs promise of shared prosperity for its citizens. In spite of Karl MarxÕs proclamation that money would become obsolete under Communism, the ruble remained a key feature of Soviet life. In fact, although Western economists typically concluded that money ultimately played a limited role in the Soviet Union, Kristy Ironside argues that money was both more important and more powerful than most histories have recognized. After the Second World War, money was resurrected as an essential tool of Soviet governance. Certainly, its importance was not lost on Soviet leaders, despite official Communist Party dogma. Money, Ironside demonstrates, mediated the relationship between the Soviet state and its citizens and was at the center of both the governmentÕs and the peopleÕs visions for the maturing Communist project. A strong rubleÑone that held real value in workersÕ hands and served as an effective labor incentiveÑwas seen as essential to the economic growth that would rebuild society and realize CommunismÕs promised future of abundance. Ironside shows how Soviet citizens turned to the state to remedy the damage that the ravages of the Second World War had inflicted upon their household economies. From the late 1940s through the early 1960s, progress toward Communism was increasingly measured by the health of its citizensÕ personal finances, such as greater purchasing power, higher wages, better pensions, and growing savings. However, the increasing importance of money in Soviet life did not necessarily correlate to improved living standards for Soviet citizens. The Soviet governmentÕs achievements in Òraising the peopleÕs material welfareÓ continued to lag behind the WestÕs advances during a period of unprecedented affluence. These factors combined to undermine popular support for Soviet power and confidence in the Communist project.
Download or read book The Former Soviet Union in Transition written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crisis Stabilization and Growth written by Patrick J. Conway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: List of Figures. List of Tables. List of Symbols. List of Country Acronyms. Foreword and Acknowledgements. I. The Transition Economies. II. Saving, by Plan and in the Market. III. Considering the Competing Explanations of Transition in Inflation and Economic Growth. IV. The Inflationary Explosion Following Price Liberalization. V. The Crisis Years. VI. Directed Credits and Financial Repression in Belarus. VII. Stabilization in Transition Economies. VIII. Ukraine in the Stabilization Phase. IX. Georgia: from Crisis to Stabilization .. and Then? X. The Fallout of the Russian Financial C.
Download or read book The Former Soviet Union in Transition written by John P. Hardt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 1785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of the Joint Economic Committee's 1993 reports on the economies of the ex-Soviet states tracks the Soviet and post-Soviet economic reform efforts, and looks at issues such as integration and developments.
Download or read book IMF Staff papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a critical survey of the literature on politico-institutional determinants of the government budget. We organize our discussion around two questions: Why did certain OECD countries, but not others, accumulate large public debts? Why did these fiscal imbalances appear in the last twenty years rather than sooner? We begin by discussing the “tax smoothing” model and conclude that this approach alone cannot provide complete answers to these questions. We then proceed to a discussion of political economy models, which we organize into six groups: (1) models based upon opportunistic policy makers and naive voters with “fiscal illusion”; (2) models of intergenerational redistributions; (3) models of debt as a strategic variable, linking the current government with the next one; (4) models of coalition governments; (5) models of geographically dispersed interests; and (6) models emphasizing the effects of budgetary institutions. We conclude by briefly discussing policy implications.
Download or read book Research Activities of the IMF January 1991 December 1998 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-09-24 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selective index of major research papers prepared by IMF staff in 1991-98.
Download or read book The Economics of Cash Shortage written by Patrick J. Conway and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experiences with Financial Liberalization written by K. L. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiences with Financial Liberalization provides a broad spectrum of policy experiences relating to financial liberalization around the globe since the 1960s. There is a sizable body of theoretical and aggregative empirical literature in this area, but there is little work documenting and analyzing the experiences of individual countries and/or sets of countries. This book is divided into four parts by geographical region - Africa, Asia and Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. Aggregative econometric studies cannot substitute for country-wide studies in allowing the researcher to draw lessons for the future, and this volume adds to this relatively small body of literature.
Download or read book Working Paper Summaries WP 94 1 WP 94 76 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-08-01 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Download or read book Russian Federation written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Countries of the Former Soviet Union at the Turn of the Twenty First Century written by Ian Jeffries and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-01-08 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a unique level of coverage, this book provides a comprehensive survey of the political and economic development of the countries of the former Soviet Union from the mid-1990s onwards.
Download or read book Effective Government Accounting written by A. Premchand and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-06-12 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, by A. Premchand, seeks to bridge fiscal economics and government accounting. It examines historical developments, ingredients of existing systems, features of accounting standards, and other issues that governments must address to perform their tasks economically and efficiently. Readers gain insights into institutional linkages and the role of electronic technology. Arguing that government accounting systems are too important to be left to accountants alone, the book presents an interdisciplinary approach that goes beyond adapting commercial accounting formats to governments.
Download or read book Central Banking in Developing Countries written by A. Chandavarkar and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-10-31 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey which analyzes institutions, policies and issues of central banking in developing countries including interest-free Islamic and transition economies. It discusses objectives and functions; monetary, exchange, supervisory and developmental roles; financial liberalization; informal finance; causes and implications of central bank losses. It critically evaluates currency boards, central bank independence, ceilings on government credit and suggests radical organizational reforms, divestiture of quasi-fiscal activities and partial privatization of central banks.
Download or read book Research Activities of the IMF January 1991 December 1999 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research activity in the IMF emphasizes the links between the organization's policy and operational concerns. The main objectives of research is IMF staff understanding of policy and operational issues relevant to the institution, and to improve the analytical quality of the work prepared for management and the Executive Board and the advice provided to member countries. The scope of research in the IMF is defined by the purposes and functions of the institution. In order to foster innovation and ensure quality control, the IMF makes much of its research available outside the institution and encourages staff to interact with academia and other research organizations through conferences, seminars, and occasional joint research projects. The visiting scholar’s program has also enhanced the quality of research done in the IMF. This program brings in leading members of the economics profession from around the world to assist in the preparation of papers for the Executive Board and to conduct research on IMF-related issues.
