Download or read book Case Studies of Transit Energy and Air Pollution Impacts written by James Patrick Curry and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Case Studies of Transit Energy and Air Pollution Impacts written by James P. Curry and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Case Studies of Transit Energy and Air Pollution Impacts written by James Patrick Curry and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Prediction of the Effects of Transportation Controls on Air Quality in Major Metropolitan Areas written by TRW Inc. Transportation and Environmental Operations and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Futures and Urban Air Pollution written by Chinese Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States and China are the top two energy consumers in the world. As a consequence, they are also the top two emitters of numerous air pollutants which have local, regional, and global impacts. Urbanization has led to serious air pollution problems in U.S. and Chinese cities; although U.S. cities continues to face challenges, the lessons they have learned in managing energy use and air quality are relevant to the Chinese experience. This report summarizes current trends, profiles two U.S. and two Chinese cities, and recommends key actions to enable each country to continue to improve urban air quality.

Download or read book Sustainable Mass Transit written by Thomas Abdallah and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Mass Transit: Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Public Transportation examines the numerous types of mass transit systems, looking closely at all their key functions, including operations, maintenance, development, design, building and retrofitting. It examines the mitigation measures that reduce or eliminate negative environmental impacts, including green infrastructure, materials conservation, ecological conservation and other sustainable initiatives. The book explores organizational best practices, environmental regulatory constraints and life-cycle assessments, describing which sustainable elements can be added while rehabilitating or expanding a mass transportation infrastructure or ancillary facility. The book concludes with a look at forthcoming sustainable initiatives that will enhance mass transit systems. Contains case studies from the United States, Europe, South America, Africa and Asia Uses applied research written by transportation practitioners and scholars Explores how Environmental Management System frameworks improve environmental performance in the operations, maintenance, design, rehabilitation and expansion of a mass transportation system Shows how teams from different fields, entities, agencies and cities can work together to solve complex sustainability challenges

Download or read book Transport Policy and the Environment written by Kenneth Button and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport, in particular the motor vehicle, is a major source of environmental disruption and, in the developed world, accounts for thirty percent of energy consumption. In most countries, transport policy is a major government concern, yet it is rare for decisions to be made outside a narrow set of sectoral considerations. This book, commissioned by the OECD, looks at seven countries; the UK, the USA, West Germany, France, The Netherlands, Greece and Italy. Each case demonstrates, in different ways, the problems in transport policies produced by the failure is a consequence of departmental division: transport, the environment, the exchequer, etc. all have their own, quite separate ministries. Here, a group of economists have demonstrated both the folly of such partial ways of thinking and, in writing their critiques of specific disaster, have provided models for ways forward. Originally published in 1990

Download or read book Prediction of the Effects of Transportation Controls on Air Quality in Major Metropolitan Areas written by Transportation and Environmental Operations and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Transportation on Energy and Air Quality written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing the Impact of Air Pollution on Public Health Along Transit Routes written by Stephen P. Mattingly and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transportation Energy Use and Environmental Impacts written by Marcio de Almeida D'Agosto and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-28 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation, Energy Use and Environmental Impacts shows researchers, students and professionals the important connection between transportation planning, energy use and emissions. The book examines the major transportation activities, components, systems and subsystems by mode. It closely explores the resulting environmental impacts from transport planning, construction and the decommissioning of transportation systems. It discusses transportation planning procedures from an energy use standpoint, offering guidelines to make transportation more energy consumption efficient. Other sections cover propulsion and energy use systems, focusing on road transportation, railway, waterway, pipeline, air, air pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions, and more. Shows the relationship between road, rail, maritime, air and pipeline transportation activities with fuel use and pollution, greenhouse gases and waste Provides a comprehensive approach, covering transportation system planning, design and infrastructure construction Synthesizes the needed information and data, explaining how to improve transportation system performance Includes learning aids, such as cases from around the globe, a glossary, extensive bibliography, chapter objectives, summaries and exercises

Download or read book Economic Environment Influnences written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Next developed country is America, this country's air pollution is also serious nowadays. Because traffic jam often occurs in New York, Washington, Boston etc. big cities in US. So, U.S. cities' parks and its trees have significant influence to produce fresh air to provide U.S. residents who are living in cities to breach for their body health. David J. & Gordon, M. ( 2016) indicated " In U.S. these urban parks are estimated to contain about 370 million trees with a structural value of approximately $300 billion." The number of park trees varies by region of the country, but which can produce significant air quality effects in and near parks, related to air temperatures, air pollution, ultraviolet indication and carbon dioxide ( a dominant greenhouse gas related to global climate change). Additional open space and other vacant lands in cities, which may contain trees and other vegetation. Contribute significant additional benefits, effects of parks and open space at the city scale can vary significantly depending on the amount of parkland and amount of tree cover within the parkland. The reasons why parks can reduce air pollution. Parks generally have lower air temperature than surrounding areas. Temperatures are usually cooler toward the center of a park than around its edges. At night, the center of a large park may be 13 degree cooler than surrounding city areas. The cooler air from parks often moves out into adjacent developed neighborhoods. This cooling of surrounding areas tends to increase with park size and percentage of the park covered by trees. So, cooler air temperature is provided by urban parks can have significant impacts on human health. During heat wave events, which can kill hundreds of people, park areas may provide city dwellers with some respite from high air temperature, particularly in the evening, during hot, sunny days tree shade can greatly increase human comfort. Because park influences on air temperature extend to developed areas outside of parks, local energy use for heating and cooling buildings is also effected. Although, the net around effect of parks on energy costs has been by reducing temperature is difficult to estimate at least in the southern United States the effect will usually be a net annual benefit. Furthermore, large park trees will reduce winds and may provide a benefit of winter heating of buildings near the park. Although, the overall economic effect of urban trees and parks on air temperature reduction is not fully billions of dollars annually at the national scale in terms of improved environmental quality and human health. In fact, trees and vegetation in parks can help reduce air pollution both by directly removing pollutants and by reducing air temperatures and building energy use in and near parks. There tree effects can reduce pollutant emissions and formation. However, park vegetation can increase some pollutants by either directly emitting volatile organic compounds that can contribute to ocean and carbon monoxide formation or indirectly by the emission of air pollutants through vegetation maintenance practices, such as operation of chain and use of transportation fuels. David J. & Gordon, M. ( 2016) showed "Annual pollution removal and economic benefits by U.S. un bank park trees is estimated at about 75,000 tones ( $500 million) or 80 pounds per acre of tree cover ( $300 per acre of tree cover).

Download or read book Sustainability Implications of Mass Rapid Transit on the Built Environment and Human Travel Behavior in Suburban Neighborhoods written by Liou Xie and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sustainability impacts of the extension of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system in suburban Beijing are explored. The research focuses on the neighborhood level, assessing sustainability impacts in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and energy consumption. By emphasizing suburban neighborhoods, the research targets the longest commuting trips, which have the most potential to generate significant sustainability benefits. The methodology triangulates analyses of urban and transportation plans, secondary data, time series spatial imagery, household surveys, and field observation. Three suburban neighborhoods were selected as case studies. Findings include the fact that MRT access stimulates residential development significantly, while having limited impact in terms of commercial or mixed-use (transit-oriented development) property development. While large-scale changes in land use and urban form attributable to MRT access are rare once an area is built up, adaptation occurs in the functions of buildings and areas near MRT stations, such as the emergence of first floor commercial uses in residential buildings. However, station precincts also attract street vendors, tricycles, illegal taxis and unregulated car parking, often impeding access and making immediate surroundings of MRT stations unattractive, perhaps accounting for the lack of significant accessibility premiums (identified by the researcher) near MRT stations in suburban Beijing. Household-based travel behavior surveys reveal that public transport, i.e., MRT and buses, accounts for over half of all commuting trips in the three case study suburban neighborhoods. Over 30% of the residents spend over an hour commuting to work, reflecting the prevalence of long-distance commutes, associated with a dearth of workplaces in suburban Beijing. Non-commuting trips surprisingly tell a different story, a large portion of the residents choose to drive because they are less restrained by travel time. The observed increase of the share of MRT trips to work generates significant benefits in terms of lowered energy consumption, reduced greenhouse gas and traditional air pollution emissions. But such savings could be easily offset if the share of driving trips increases with growing affluence, given the high emission intensities of cars. Bus use is found to be responsible for high local conventional air pollution, indicating that the current bus fleet in Beijing should be phased out and replaced by cleaner buses. Policy implications are put forward based on these findings. The Intellectual Merit of this study centers on increased understanding of the relationship between mass transit provision and sustainability outcomes in suburban metropolitan China. Despite its importance, little research of this genre has been undertaken in China. This study is unique because it focuses on the intermediate meso scale, where adaptation occurs more quickly and dramatically, and is easier to identify.

Download or read book Making Urban Transport Sustainable written by N. Low and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-11-30 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making Urban Transport Sustainable addresses the future of urban transport as a global issue. Money is being poured into roads, railways and airports at a time when the global atmosphere is threatened and oil production has reached its peak. If the world's environment and societies are to be sustained, urban transport has to change. Contributions by experts from the developed and developing world discuss the severity of the problem and suggest potential solutions.

Download or read book Examining Energy sector Impacts on Ambient Air Pollution in the U S and India Using Models and Observations written by Alexandra Karambelas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambient air pollution is a persistent health problem contributing to 3.7 million premature deaths annually. This dissertation uses numerical modeling, ground-based measurements, and satellite observations to assess energy-sector emissions impacts on health- and regulatory-relevant ambient pollution in the U.S. and India. Quantifying changes in U.S. energy sector emissions offer support for new regulatory strategies for improving air quality, and model evaluation provides the foundation for further air quality modeling studies in India. High air pollution days exceeding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards are persistent across the eastern U.S. Emissions from on-road and electricity generating sources (EGUs) release gases resulting in ambient O3 and PM2.5. Source-apportionment modeling techniques are used to assess energy-sector contributions on high pollution days. Sensitivity simulations using the EPA's Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model suggest on-road emissions contribute to higher O3 concentrations (10.69% average, 18.82% polluted), whereas PM2.5 is sensitive to emissions from EGUs (29.08% average, 55.36% polluted). Increased contributions from motor vehicles and EGUs are found to occur coincident with high temperatures and low wind speeds, meteorological factors that tend to increase pollution formation and accumulation. A separate component of this work focuses on air quality in India, and is one of the first applications of CMAQ in the region. Model results validated with satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) indicate low model biases in the tropospheric column ( -65.8%), and evaluation with surface observations indicate high biases, particularly in urban areas, for gas-phase species (NO2: 31.4%, sulfur dioxide: 26.7%, O3: 19.7%) and low model biases for PM2.5 ( -47.1%), despite the inclusion of a new windblown dust module. Finally, high-resolution emissions from the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model including updated urban and rural population and activity information for northern India indicate detailed spatial allocation information has a strong impact on modeled ambient air quality. Results highlight the importance in relating emissions spatial and temporal distribution to air quality. Similarities and differences pertaining to energy-sector emissions in the U.S. and India suggest the need to further assess health- and policy-relevant air quality concerns unique regionally.

Download or read book Effects of Transportation on Energy and Air Quality written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low Carbon Transport in Asia written by Eric Zusman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without the effective participation of developing Asia, a climate crisis is certain. Within developing Asia, the key to averting such a crisis lies in low carbon transport. China, India and Asia's other emerging economies could promote fuel efficient vehicles, public transport, and sustainable urban planning. Or they could become locked into inefficient vehicles, energy intensive infrastructure, and suburban sprawl. The path they choose will have long-term implications for the entire world. And it will depend upon the extent to which they adopt a co-benefit approach. A co-benefit approach involves recognizing that some transport policies mitigate greenhouse gases while simultaneously improving urban air quality, commuting times and energy security. Accounting for these additional benefits can overcome a reluctance to bear the costs of climate actions. But it also presents unique technical, financial, and institutional challenges to decision-makers unaccustomed to optimizing multiple benefits. The book represents a pioneering effort to identify and remove barriers to a co-benefit approach in developing Asia's transport sector. The introductory section makes the case for co-benefits in developing Asia's transport sector. The second section features analytical frameworks to identify strategies with potential co-benefits, offering new findings on black carbon and dieselization. The third section grounds the analytic work in case studies on fuel switching in Pakistan, urban planning in Bandung, Indonesia, congestion charges in Beijing, vehicle restraints in Hanoi and bus rapid transit in Jakarta. A final section examines whether a post-2012 climate regime can help transform a rapidly motorizing Asia into a low carbon Asia. This book is essential reading for transport policy makers, planners, and researchers concerned with low carbon transport, climate change and development in Asia and the wider world.