Download or read book Case Studies of Red Alder and Sitka Alder in Douglas fir Plantations written by Dan Binkley and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seven case studies of 11 ecosystems were used to examine the effects of nitrogen-fixing alders in Douglas-fir plantations. The first case study quantified nitrogen (N) fixation and aboveground net primary production in a young Sitka alder [Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydb.] ecosystem. At 5 yr of age, the N fixation (C22H2 reduction) rate of 35 kg ha−1 yr−1 was near the middle of the reported range for this shrubby species. The second case study compared N fixation rates of Sitka alder and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) on the same sites. These species exhibited similar nodule activities and had similar nodule:leaf biomass ratios of 7-8%. A mixture of Sitka alder and Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] was estimated to have a current N fixation rate of 20 kg ha−1 yr−1 based on acetylene reduction; N accretion measurements indicated an average N fixation rate of 30 kg ha−1 yr−1 for 23 yr. A mixture of red alder and Douglas-fir on the same site had a current N fixation rate of 130 kg ha−1 yr−1 based on acetylene reduction, with an N accretion rate of 65 kg ha−1 yr−1 for 23 yr. The third case study evaluated the effects of Sitka alder on Douglas-fir growth and nutrition, and on ecosystem production and litterfall. Current Douglas-fir stem growth was 40% greater with Sitka alder, and aboveground ecosystem net primary production was increased 70% with the alder. Litterfall nutrient content was 3 to 7 times greater under the mixed canopy. The fourth and fifth case studies looked at 23 yr-old mixtures of red alder and Douglas-fir in comparison with pure Douglas-fir, on an infertile site and on a fertile site. Red alder had little effect on Douglas-fir size or growth rate on the infertile site, but ecosystem net primary production was tripled. Conversely, net primary production was not increased by red alder on the fertile site, and Douglas-fir size and growth were reduced. The final two case studies evaluated: (1) the conclusions reached in the previous case studies for applicability to red alder/Douglas-fir mixtures in general, and (2) trends in production with stand development up to age 50. These case studies were consistent with the general conclusions of site fertility interactions with red alder/Douglas-fir mixtures. With further stand development, red alder continued to enhance ecosystem production and Douglas-fir growth on infertile sites, with opposite effects on fertile sites. Sitka alder demonstrated a high potential usefulness for interplanting with Douglas-fir, and red alder greatly boosted ecosystem production on infertile sites. Both species merit further development as tools for forest management on N deficient sites.
Download or read book Comparative Effects of Urea Fertilizer and Red Alder in a Site III Coast Douglas fir Plantation in the Washington Cascade Range written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five randomly assigned treatments were used to quantify effects of adding varying numbers of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) or nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth of a 10-year-old conifer plantation at a medium quality site in the western Washington Cascade Range. Zero, 20, 40, and 80 alder trees per acre were retained along with about 300 conifers per acre. Nearly all conifers were coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). A fifth treatment substituted N fertilizer for N-fixing alder. Changes in average tree height, and in numbers of trees, basal area, and volume per acre between plantation ages of 10 and 27 are compared. In pure conifer plots, gross volume growth averaged 26 percent greater on fertilized than nonfertilized plots, indicating measurable benefits of additional N. On both fertilized and nonfertilized plots, an average of 13 percent of the original conifers died. Retaining 20, 40, or 80 alder per acre (7, 13, and 27 percent of the associated conifer trees per acre, respectively) was associated with reduced numbers of Douglas-fir by about 19, 5, and 17 percent, respectively, in the next 17 years. Mortality and growth of Douglas-fir were not related to alder density, but losses of Douglas-fir were especially large on plots where relatively large red alder (20 per acre) were retained. Neither total stand nor conifer yields were changed by retaining alder. Additional comparisons are needed at other locations, especially those with known N deficiency.
Download or read book Comparative Effects of Precommercial Thinning Urea Fertilizer and Red Alder in a Site II Coast Douglas fir Plantation written by Richard E. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Nutrition Management written by Dan Binkley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1986-10-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated treatment of forest nutrition management that draws on the fields of silviculture, soil studies, ecology, and economics to provide broad-based information on how to enhance the nutritional status of forest soils in order to increase their long-term stand productivity. Covers the use of fertilizers to enhance biological nitrogen fixation and how the nutrition status of forests is affected by other operations, such as harvesting and site preparation. Includes methods for assessing nutrient status, the economics of nutrition management, and models to aid in decision making. Written for the non-specialist needing a clear conceptual base for applying forest nutrition science to management. Numerous examples of successful forest management illustrate concepts.
Download or read book Interactions Between White Spruce and Shrubby Alders at Three Boreal Forest Sites in Alaska written by Tricia L. Wurtz and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report PNW GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Production and Assessment of Red Alder Planting Stock written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Red Alder written by Robert Leslie Deal and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 23-25, 2005, an international symposium on red alder was held at the University of Washington Center for Urban Horticulture in Seattle, WA. The symposium was entitled S2Red alder: A State of KnowledgeS3 and brought together regional experts to critically examine the economic, ecological and social values of red alder. The primary goal of the symposium was to discuss new advances in the understanding of red alder biology and silviculture, changing market and nonmarket values, and the current regulatory climate for management of alder. This proceedings includes 14 papers based on oral presentations given at the symposium. These papers highlight some of the key findings from the history, ecology, biology, silviculture and economics sessions presented at the red alder symposium.
Download or read book Competitive Interactions in Young Coastal Douglas fir red Alder Mixtures written by Amy T. Grotta and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Douglas-fir and red alder grow in mixture, interactions between the two species can be competitive, facilitative, or a combination of both over time. A number of factors have recently led to increased interest in managing these two species together for commercial production, and ongoing investigations are yielding important information about how interactions between the two species affect stand structure and productivity. Many wood quality attributes are ultimately controlled by physiological processes, which in turn are affected by competition within a forest stand. This research addressed how stand structure in young, mixed red alder/Douglas-fir plantations was associated with variations in growth form and wood quality. Branch attributes and cambial growth patterns in Douglas-fir and stem form attributes in red alder were analyzed as a function of species proportion and timing of establishment in 15-year-old mixed plantations in the Oregon coast range. When the two species were planted simultaneously, only mixed stands with low (10% of total stand density) proportions of red alder had low Douglas-fir mortality. In these stands, red alder stem form was poor, with a high incidence of multiple stems, low live crown bases, and considerable stem lean and sweep. Douglas-fir trees had a relatively short season of cambial growth and many were highly suppressed. When red alder planting was delayed five years, Douglas-fir trees had a short cambial growth season when the proportion of red alder in the stand was high (75%). Douglas-fir crown base height was low when the proportion of red alder was high, but branch sizes were relatively consistent across species proportions. Percent latewood in Douglas-fir was not affected by species proportion. Red alder stem form was consistent across all levels of species proportion. It is suggested that the differences observed are a result of differential juvenile growth rates of the two species and subsequent different levels of light availability to individual tree crowns through stand age 15. Simultaneous planting of the two species at these spacings results in either unacceptable Douglas-fir growth and mortality rates or poor red alder stem form, depending on species proportion. Delayed planting of red alder appears to improve red alder stem form and results in acceptable Douglas-fir wood quality attributes, if red alder proportion is 50% or less. Because these stands are not yet of harvestable size, further monitoring is needed to assess how the patterns of growth and wood quality described would affect eventual product recovery.
Download or read book Height Growth and Site Index Curves for Red Alder written by Constance A. Harrington and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Effects of Urea Fertilizer and Red Alder in a Site III Coast Douglas Fir Plantation in the Washington Cascade Range written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five randomly assigned treatments were used to quantify effects of adding varying numbers of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) or nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth of a 10-year-old conifer plantation at a medium-quality site in the western Washington Cascade Range. Zero, 20, 40, and 80 alder trees per acre were retained along with about 300 conifers per acre. Nearly all conifers were coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). A fifth treatment substituted N fertilizer for N-fixing alder. Changes in average tree height, and in numbers of trees, basal area, and volume per acre between plantation ages of 10 and 27 are compared. In pure conifer plots, gross volume growth averaged 26 percent greater on fertilized than nonfertilized plots, indicating measurable benefits of additional N.
Download or read book Frankia Symbioses written by A.D. Akkermans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five years have now passed since the first symposium on frankiae was held at Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts, USA and the inauguration of the term actinorhiza. Many advances have been made during these five years in our understanding of the actinorhizal symbioses. Evidence for this was provided by the papers presented at the Wageningen Workshop on Frankia symbioses, held in Wageningen at the Department of Microbiology of the Agricultural University. Most of these papers are now published in this volume of PLANT AND SOIL. We kindly acknowledge the assistance of Anton Houwers, editor of the journal, in planning, reviewing and publishing these studies. Although the papers presented at Wageningen described the active research areas, they also illuminated those aspects of these symbioses which remain beyond our understanding. Primary among the areas of our ignorance is the concept of species within the bacterial symbiont, Frankia. At present groupings of bacterial strains are based on cell chemistry, physiology, serology, DNA homology and symbiotic capa bilities (cross-inoculation). When these classification schemes are merged no clear species framework is obtained. Undoubtedly part of the difficulty is due to a lack of strains for analysis. Currently bacterial strains from only half of the actinorhizal symbioses known to exist, have been isolated and studied in pure culture. We must postpone there fore any comprehensive taxonomic classification until a larger majority of the symbioses are represented. Another research area wherein our understanding is insufficient is host-symbiont interaction.
Download or read book Red Alder of the Pacific Northwest written by Herman Meserve Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ppp. 42.
Download or read book The Economics of Converting Red Alder to Douglas Fir Classic Reprint written by James Gibson Yoho and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Economics of Converting Red Alder to Douglas-Fir A premise of this study is that the forest manager sees red alder as a problem. Compared with Douglas-fir, red alder is a Johnny - come-lately that many foresters feel is unworthy of serious consideration. Others consider the species to be a real economic windfall. In any case, we are here interested in developing analytical approaches that will permit managers to make rational decisions regarding the retention or replacement of red alder stands. Conversion of a young red alder stand to Douglas-fir requires a relatively large capital outlay that may be wholly or partially avoided by a few years' wait for the stand to reach merchantable size. The length of this waiting period de pends on the productivity of the site. The financial returns depend on the direct costs of conversion, management costs, the anticipated harvesting regime, fu ture prices, and the firm's Opportunity cost of capital. Thus, the two simple alternatives of retaining red alder or converting to Douglas-fir lead to numerous investment management possibilities. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book The Biology and Management of Red Alder written by David E. Hibbs and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red Alder, the Northwest's most common hardwood, is of increasing biological and economic importance to the region. This timely study examines current knowledge about red alder and its role in Northwest forests.
Download or read book Red Alder written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overzicht van publikaties met samenvattingen tot en met mei 1978 over de rode els (Alnus rubra Bong,) uit de databestanden BIOSIS REVIEWS, CAB, CAIN, CHEMCON, PAPERCHEM en CRIS
Download or read book The Ecology and Silviculture of Mixed Species Forests written by M.J. Kelty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the world's forested land is dominated by mixed-species stands. Understanding the complex structure and dynamics of these mixtures is a necessary step in the process of formulating appropriate silvicultural systems for their management. David M. Smith, Professor Emeritus of Silviculture at Yale University, has devoted much of his career to the study of the structure, development, and silvicultural treatment of these kinds of stands. This volume is presented by Professor Smith's collegues to honor the contributions he has made to the field. It contains both reviews of past work and results of current studies of mixed stands: topics range from analysis of forest dynamics in unmanaged stands to studies of silvicultural systems applied to mixtures, with examples drawn from boreal, temperate, and tropical regions. Much of the work stresses the importance of understanding the characteristic growth patterns of individual species within mixed stands, and how species interactions shape developmental patterns.
