Download or read book Cartas de Santander written by Francisco de Paula Santander and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book El Libertador written by Simón Bolívar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-05-15 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Simón Bolívar (1783-1830), called El Liberator, and sometimes the "George Washington" of Latin America, was the leading hero of the Latin American independence movement. His victories over Spain won independence for Bolivia, Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Bolívar became Columbia's first president in 1819. In 1822, he became dictator of Peru. Upper Peru became a separate state, which was named Bolivia in Bolívar's honor, in 1825. The constitution, which he drew up for Bolivia, is one of his most important political pronouncements. Today he is remembered throughout South America, and in Venezuela and Bolivia his birthday is a national holiday. Although Bolívar never prepared a systematic treatise, his essays, proclamations, and letters constitute some of the most eloquent writing not of the independence period alone, but of any period in Latin American history. His analysis of the region's fundamental problems, ideas on political organization and proposals for Latin American integration are relevant and widely read today, even among Latin Americans of all countries and of all political persuasions. The "Cartagena Letter," the "Jamaica Letter," and the "Angostura Address," are widely cited and reprinted.

Download or read book Searching the Heavens and the Earth written by Agustin UDIAS and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jesuits established a large number of astronomical, geophysical and meteorological observatories during the 17th and 18th centuries and again during the 19th and 20th centuries throughout the world. The history of these observatories has never been published in a complete form. Many early European astronomical observatories were established in Jesuit colleges. During the 17th and 18th centuries Jesuits were the first western scientists to enter into contact with China and India. It was through them that western astronomy was first introduced in these countries. They made early astronomical observations in India and China and they directed for 150 years the Imperial Observatory of Beijing. In the 19th and 20th centuries a new set of observatories were established. Besides astronomy these now included meteorology and geophysics. Jesuits established some of the earliest observatories in Africa, South America and the Far East. Jesuit observatories constitute an often forgotten chapter of the history of these sciences.

Download or read book Flora of Spain and the Balearic Islands written by Bertram Evelyn Smythies and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Early Colombian Labor Movement written by David Sowell and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Sowell traces the history of artisan labor organizations in Bogotá and examines long-term political activity of Colombian artisans in the century after independence. Relying on contemporary newspapers, political handouts, broadsides, and public petitions, Sowell analyzes the economic, social, and political history of the capital's artisan class, a middling social sector with very significant social and political strengths. This is the first study in English of nineteenth-century Latin American artisans and one of the few treatments that spans the whole of nineteenth-century Colombian history.The rise and late decline of artisan class political activity coincided the Colombia's integration into the world market. Initially petitioning for tariff protection, Bogotá's craftsmen in time mobilized to address numerous issues, including industrial education, internal trade order, credit, and better health and educational facilities. Sowell traces the transformation of Colombia's economy and the (mainly negative) effects its evolution had on bogotano artisans. By the end of the nineteenth century, the artisans class was fragmented, their labor leadership replaced by workers associated with industrial production, transportation systems, and the production of coffee. Author note: David Sowell is Assistant Professor of History at Juniata College.

Download or read book Libraries of the United States and Canada written by American Library Association and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings written by John Denison Champlin and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dictionary Catalog of the Research Libraries of the New York Public Library 1911 1971 written by New York Public Library. Research Libraries and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Names and Their Histories written by Isaac Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bol var s Afterlife in the Americas written by Robert T. Conn and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2021-04-16 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simón Bolívar is the preeminent symbol of Latin America and the subject of seemingly endless posthumous attention. Interpreted and reinterpreted in biographies, histories, political writings, speeches, and works of art and fiction, he has been a vehicle for public discourse for the past two centuries. Robert T. Conn follows the afterlives of Bolívar across the Americas, tracing his presence in a range of competing but interlocking national stories. How have historians, writers, statesmen, filmmakers, and institutions reworked his life and writings to make cultural and political claims? How has his legacy been interpreted in the countries whose territories he liberated, as well as in those where his importance is symbolic, such as the United States? In answering these questions, Conn illuminates the history of nation building and hemispheric globalism in the Americas.

Download or read book The Reception of Jonathan Swift in Europe written by Hermann J. Real and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-14 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jonathan Swift has had a profound impact on almost all the national literatures of Continental Europe. The celebrated author of acknowledged masterpieces like A Tale of a Tub (1704), Gulliver's Travels (1726), and A Modest Proposal (1729), the Dean of St Patrick's, Dublin, was courted by innumerable translators, adaptors, and retellers, admired and challenged by shoals of critics, and creatively imitated by both novelists and playwrights, not only in Central Europe (Germany and Switzerland) but also in its northern (Denmark and Sweden) and southern (Italy, Spain, and Portugal) outposts, as well as its eastern (Poland and Russia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria) and Western parts - from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the present day.

Download or read book The Expulsion of Mexico s Spaniards 1821 1836 written by Harold Sims and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on manuscript records in the Mexican national archives. Harold Sims provides an account of the expulsion laws passed in 1827-29 and 1833-34 and the chaos they caused in the new Mexican republic.

Download or read book The Encomienda in New Spain written by Lesley Byrd Simpson and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1982-01-01 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Historical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Hundred Years War written by C. T. Allmand and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988-02-04 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative study of how the societies of late medieval England and France reacted to the long period of conflict between them from political, military, social and economic perspectives.

Download or read book The Liberator Sim n Bol var written by Simón Bolívar and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church written by Hubert Jedin and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: