Download or read book Cardiovascular Responses to Low Environmental Temperature in Fish written by Steven Leslie Young and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cardiovascular System written by A. Kurt Gamperl and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cardiovascular System: Design, Control and Function, Volume 36A, a two- volume set, not only provides comprehensive coverage of the current knowledge in this very active and growing field of research, but also highlights the diversity in cardiovascular morphology and function and the anatomical and physiological plasticity shown by fish taxa that are faced with various abiotic and biotic challenges. Updated topics in this important work include chapters on Heart Morphology and Anatomy, Cardiomyocyte Morphology and Physiology, Electrical Excitability of the Fish Heart, Cardiac Energy Metabolism, Heart Physiology and Function, Hormonal and Intrinsic Biochemical Control of Cardiac Function, and Vascular Anatomy and Morphology. In addition, chapters integrate molecular and cellular data with the growing body of knowledge on heart and in vivo cardiovascular function, and as a result, provide insights into some of the most important questions that still need to be answered. - Presents a comprehensive overview of cardiovascular structure and function in fish - Covers topics in a way that is ideal for researchers in fish physiology and for audiences within the fields of comparative morphology, histology, aquaculture and ecophysiology - Provide insights into some of the most important questions that still need to be answered

Download or read book Cardiac Responses to Temperature in Marine Teleosts written by Nishad Jayasundara and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through evolutionary and acclimatory processes, organisms, including marine teleosts, have modified a common set of biochemical structures and processes to compensate for challenges presented by changes in ambient temperature. Investigating these biological processes underlying thermal optima and thermal limits of ectothermic species is crucial to determining susceptibility of an organism to shifts in their environmental temperature. An insufficient supply of oxygen under thermal stress is thought to underlie thermal limits in aquatic animals including teleost fish. Therefore, to compensate for effects of temperature, organisms may induce an acclimatory response that enhances cardiac performance and oxygen delivery under a new temperature regime. These changes alter the critical threshold of a temperature stress for an organism and thereby maintain or increase its fitness in its environment. The dissertation research presented here investigates effects of temperature acclimation on whole organismal physiology and cellular and molecular processes in cardiac tissues in three physiologically and ecologically distinct perciforme teleosts -- Gillichthys mirabilis, Thunnus orientalis and Trematomus bernacchii. Chapter One focuses on effects of temperature acclimation on thermal limits, metabolic rate, heart rate, oxygen carrying capacity and plasma lactate levels in a highly eurythermal goby species, Gillichthys mirabilis, acclimated to 9oC, 19oC and 26oC for four weeks. Metabolic rate and heart rate measurements were made in fish at their acclimation temperature and when exposed an acute thermal stress. Metabolic rates and plasma lactate levels were also measured in fish recovering from an acute heat stress. Both resting metabolic rates and heart rates at their respective acclimation temperatures did not show a thermal compensatory response with acclimation and maintained elevated rates at warm temperatures. During recovery from an acute stress, only 26oC fish showed post-stress elevation in metabolic rate. Elevated routine and recovery metabolic rates at 26oC suggested an increased energetic cost associated with warm acclimation and when exposed to an acute heat stress; this increased energy demand is possibly to sustain an adequate cellular stress response at high temperatures. Fish acclimated at 19oC and 26oC were able to increase their upper thermal limit and onset of cardiac arrhythmia compared to 9oC-acclimated fish. These data illustrate the pronounced cardiac plasticity and associated phenotypic plasticity of this species. However, this capacity to induce an acclimatory response appears to decrease significantly at temperatures beyond 19oC in G. mirabilis. Chapter Two examined effects of acclimation on cardiac proteome in G. mirabilis acclimated to 9oC, 19oC and 26oC. Proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of proteins involved in cardiac energy metabolism, mitochondrial regulation, iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, cytoprotection against hypoxia, and cytoskeletal reorganization. Proteomic data coupled with in vitro enzyme assay data showed that cardiac energy metabolism, thus aerobic poise of cardiac tissues, is increased in 19oC-acclimated fish compared to 9oC and 26oC-acclimated fish. Overall findings from both Chapters One and Two illustrate that despite their capacity to tolerate a gradient of temperatures, Gillichthys mirabilis exhibit highest cardiac performance near ~19oC, a temperature close to their preferred temperature. Chapter Three investigates the effects of temperature acclimation on cardiorespiratory responses and cardiac and skeletal muscle energy metabolism in a highly stenothermal Antarctic notothenioid, Trematomus bernacchii. Acclimation had no effect on heart rates at resting conditions or the temperatures at which onset of cardiac arrhythmia occurred, suggesting lack of inducible thermal tolerance in cardiac performance in this fish. These data support the hypothesis that cardiac limitations may play a role in reduced thermal tolerance and thermal plasticity of T. bernacchii. Chapter Four examines the effects of acclimation on cardiac transcriptome of endothermic Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis acclimated to 14oC, 20oC and 25oC. Overall data indicate that these fish have restored cellular homeostasis at 14oC, potentially optimizing bluefin tuna performance in colder oceans. In contrast, metabolic enzyme activity and gene expression data at 25oC suggest a decrease in total ATP production in cardiac cells, and reduced stress responses. Furthermore, at elevated temperatures cardiac tissues appear to be subjected to heightened oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Together, these data suggest a reduced cardiac performance at ecologically relevant warm temperatures for Pacific bluefin tuna.

Download or read book Cardio Respiratory Control in Vertebrates written by Mogens L. Glass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hopefully, this book will be taken off of the shelf frequently to be studied carefully over many years. More than 40 researchers were involved in this project, which examines respiration, circulation, and metabolism from ?sh to the land vertebrates, including human beings. A breathable and stable atmosphere ?rst appeared about 500 million years ago. Oxygen levels are not stable in aquatic environments and exclusively water-breathing ?sh must still cope with the ever-changing levels of O 2 and with large temperature changes. This is re?ected in their sophisticated count- current systems, with high O extraction and internal and external O receptors. 2 2 The conquest for the terrestrial environment took place in the late Devonian period (355–359 million years ago), and recent discoveries portray the gradual transitional evolution of land vertebrates. The oxygen-rich and relatively stable atmospheric conditionsimpliedthatoxygen-sensingmechanismswererelativelysimpleandl- gain compared with acid–base regulation. Recently, physiology has expanded into related ?elds such as biochemistry, molecular biology, morphology and anatomy. In the light of the work in these ?elds, the introduction of DNA-based cladograms, which can be used to evaluate the likelihood of land vertebrates and lung?sh as a sister group, could explain why their cardio-respiratory control systems are similar. The diffusing capacity of a duck lung is 40 times higher than that of a toad or lung?sh. Certainly, some animals have evolved to rich high-performance levels.

Download or read book The Cardiovascular System written by Kurt A Gamperl and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cardiovascular System: Phenotypic and Physiological Responses, Volume 37, part of a two-volume set, provides comprehensive coverage of the current state of knowledge in this very active and growing field of research, also highlighting the tremendous diversity in cardiovascular morphology and function among the various fish taxa and the anatomical and physiological plasticity shown by this system when faced with various abiotic and biotic challenges. Specific chapters in this updated book include Research Technologies/Methodology for Studying Fish Cardiovascular Function, Cardiovascular Development in Embryonic and Larval Fishes, Cardiovascular Responses to Limiting Oxygen Levels, and Temperature and the Cardiovascular System. The book's chapters integrate molecular and cellular data with the growing body of knowledge on heart and in vivo cardiovascular function, and as a result, provide insights into some of the most interesting, and important, questions that still need to be answered in this field.

Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon written by Cornelis Groot and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, countless juvenile Pacific salmon leave streams and rivers on their migration to feeding grounds in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. After periods ranging from a few months to several years, adult salmon enter rivers along the coasts of Asia and North America to spawn and complete their life cycle. Within this general outline, various life history patterns, both among and within species, involve diverse ways of exploiting freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats. There are seven species of Pacific salmon. Five (coho, chinook chum, pink, and sockeye) occur in both North America and Asia. Their complex life histories and spectacular migrations have long fascinated biologists and amateurs alike. Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon provides comprehensive reviews by leading researchers of the physiological adaptations that allow Pacific Salmon to sustain themselves in the diverse environments in which they live. It begins with an analysis of energy expenditure and continues with reviews of locomotion, growth, feeding, and nutrition. Subsequent chapters deal with osmotic adjustments enabling the passage between fresh and salt water, nitrogen excretion and regulation of acid-base balance, circulation and gas transfer, and finally, responses to stress. This thorough and authoritative volume will be a valuable reference for students and researchers of biology and fisheries science as they seek to understand the environmental requirements for the perpetuation of these unique and valuable species.

Download or read book Biology of Stress in Fish written by Carl B. Schreck and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Stress in Fish: Fish Physiology provides a general understanding on the topic of stress biology, including most of the recent advances in the field. The book starts with a general discussion of stress, providing answers to issues such as its definition, the nature of the physiological stress response, and the factors that affect the stress response. It also considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response, how the stress response is generated and controlled, its effect on physiological and organismic function and performance, and applied assessment of stress, animal welfare, and stress as related to model species. Provides the definitive reference on stress in fish as written by world-renowned experts in the field Includes the most recent advances and up-to-date thinking about the causes of stress in fish, their implications, and how to minimize the negative effects Considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response

Download or read book The Cardiovascular System written by A. Kurt Gamperl and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.488 pagesApprox.488 pages

Download or read book Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa written by Phillip C. Heemstra and published by NISC (PTY) LTD. This book was released on 2004 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to over 400 species of the fishes along the coast of southern Africa, this work features over 600 original paintings showing changes with growth and sexual differences in colour of many of the fishes. The species accounts include descriptions and other information for identification and comparison of similar species.

Download or read book The Cardiovascular System Part B written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1992-10-16 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cardiovascular System, Part B

Download or read book Biology of Antarctic Fish written by Guido di Prisco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Antarctic Fish presents the most recent findings on the biology of fish in the unique environment of the Antarctic ocean. At present the year-round temperature of the coastal waters is very near -1,87 ° C, the equilibrium temperature of the ice-seawater mixture. This extremely low temperature affects different levels of organization of fish life: individuals, organ systems, cells, organelles, membranes, and molecules. Exploring ecology, evolution, and life history as well as physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of Antarctic fish the book describes the mechanisms of cold adaptation at all these levels. It provides material for discussion also for fundamental questions in the field of adaptation to an extreme environment and therefore is of particular interest not only to specialized scientists, but also to those involved in basic and evolutionary biology.

Download or read book Biology and Physiology of Freshwater Neotropical Fish written by Bernardo Baldisserotto and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-09 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology and Physiology of Freshwater Neotropical Fish is the all-inclusive guide to fish species prevalent in the neotropical realm. It provides the most updated systematics, classification, anatomical, behavioral, genetic, and functioning systems information on freshwater neotropical fish species. This book begins by analyzing the differences in phylogeny, anatomy, and behaviour of neotropical fish. Systems such as cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, reproductive, muscular, and endocrine are described in detail. This book also looks at the effects of stress on fish immune systems, and how color and pigmentation play into physiology and species differentiation. Biology and Physiology of Freshwater Neotropical Fish is a must-have for fish biologists and zoologists. Students in zoology, ichthyology, and fish farming will also find this book useful for its coverage of some of the world’s rarest and least-known fish species. Features chapters written by top neotropical fish researchers and specialists Discusses environmental effects on neotropical fishes, including climate change and pollution Details the phylogenetic occurrence of electroreceptors and electric organs in fish

Download or read book Lipid Peroxidation written by Angel Catalá and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of lipid peroxidation: inhibition, effects and mechanisms. The topics analyzed, cover a broad spectrum of functions played by lipid peroxidation and presents new information in this area of research. The topics analyzed include: progress in the knowledge of lipid peroxidation, from the first evidences issued by Nicolas Theodore de Saussure in Paris 1804; fighting against lipid peroxidation: the unique story of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain; protective effects of melatonin and structurally-related molecules in reducing membrane rigidity due to lipid peroxidation; synergistic effects of antioxidant compositions during inhibited lipid autoxidation; lipid peroxidation and animal longevity; free radicals in health and disease; lipid peroxidation in autoimmune diseases; aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation in cancer and autoimmunity; the role of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in the neurodegenerative process after spinal cord injury; kinetics and mechanisms of inhibited lipid autoxidation in presence of 4-substituted-coumarins; hypoxia and oxidative stress: cell signaling mechanisms and protective role of vitamin C and cilnidipine; characterization of oxidative stress and antioxidant potency; paying attention to time and location; lipid peroxidation in aquatic organisms: ontogenetic, phylogenetic and ecological aspects; chemistry of lipid oxidation in edible oils; and menopause progression and oxidative stress: associated mechanisms and the importance of physical exercise.

Download or read book Temperature Regulation in Humans and Other Mammals written by Claus Jessen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do mammals manage to maintain their body temperature within the same narrow range in environments as different as polar regions and hot deserts? This advanced text describes the morphological features and physiological mechanisms by which humans and other mammals maintain their body temperature within a narrow range despite large variations in climatic conditions and internal heat production. Its 19 chapters deal with the physics of heat exchange with the environment, and the autonomic and behavioural mechanisms available to control the loss and production of heat. The neuronal basis of temperature regulation and current concepts of the central nervous interface between temperature signals generated in the body and control mechanisms are examined in detail. This book is of invaluable help for undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers, physicians and scientists.

Download or read book Effects of High Pressure on Biological Systems written by A.G. Macdonald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provided here is an up to date account of how high pressures affect cellularprocesses in microorganisms and in eukaryotic cells. Topics include membranetransport, cell activation, the excitable properties of cells, muscular contraction, with particular emphasis on cardiac muscle, and the role of pressure in the physiology of cartilage in load bearing joints. Additionally there are thorough reviews of the effects of pressure on fish and on the central nervous system of mammals, including man.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 2275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish form an extremely diverse group of vertebrates. At a conservative estimate at least 40% of the world's vertebrates are fish. On the one hand they are united by their adaptations to an aquatic environment and on the other they show a variety of adaptations to differing environmental conditions - often to extremes of temperature, salinity, oxygen level and water chemistry. They exhibit an array of behavioural and reproductive systems. Interesting in their own right, this suite of adaptive physiologies provides many model systems for both comparative vertebrate and human physiologists. This four volume encyclopedia covers the diversity of fish physiology in over 300 articles and provides entry level information for students and summary overviews for researchers alike. Broadly organised into four themes, articles cover Functional, Thematic, and Phylogenetic Physiology, and Fish Genomics. Functional articles address the traditional aspects of fish physiology that are common to all areas of vertebrate physiology including: Reproduction, Respiration, Neural (Sensory, Central, Effector), Endocrinology, Renal, Cardiovascular, Acid-base Balance, Osmoregulation, Ionoregulation, Digestion, Metabolism, Locomotion, and so on. Thematic Physiology articles are carefully selected and fewer in number. They provide a level of integration that goes beyond the coverage in the Functional Physiology topics and include discussions of Toxicology, Air-breathing, Migrations, Temperature, Endothermy, etc. Phylogenetic Physiology articles bring together information that bridges the physiology of certain groupings of fishes where the knowledge base has a sufficient depth and breadth and include articles on Ancient Fishes, Tunas, Sharks, etc. Genomics articles describe the underlying genetic component of fish physiology and high light their suitability and use as model organisms for the study of disease, stress and physiological adaptations and reactions to external conditions. Winner of a 2011 PROSE Award Honorable Mention for Multivolume Science Reference from the Association of American Publishers The definitive encyclopedia for the field of fish physiology Three volumes which comprehensively cover the entire field in over 300 entries written by experts Detailed coverage of basic functional physiology of fishes, physiological themes in fish biology and comparative physiology amongst taxonomic Groups Describes the genomic bases of fish physiology and biology and the use of fish as model organisms in human physiological research Includes a glossary of terms

Download or read book Global Warming written by C. M. Wood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-05-13 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming and climate change are growing environmental concerns which are much in the scientific, governmental and public eye. The potential impact on freshwater and marine fishes is immense, because most fish have no physiological ability to regulate their body temperature. This volume focuses on the effects of temperature at all levels of organization in fish, with particular emphasis on physiological function: cells, epithelia, organ systems, the whole organism, reproduction, behaviour, pollutant interactions, ecology and population dynamics, with each chapter written by experts in the field. Many chapters also speculate on the long-term physiological and ecological implications to fish of a 2-4°C global warming scenario. Researchers and graduate students in the areas of animal physiology and behaviour, environmental toxicology, population ecology and fisheries biology and management will find this volume of particular interest.