Download or read book Cardiovascular Mechanobiology 2nd edition written by Markus Hecker and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanical forces play a major role in organ development, shape and function. When exceeding the physiological range, however, they may become detrimental for organ structure and function. This is probably best exemplified by the cardiovascular system, with both the heart and blood vessels being continuously exposed to the biomechanical forces exerted by the flow of blood. In the heart, it is the build-up of pressure inside the ventricles that allows the ejection of blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulation. The luminal diameter of the small arteries in both parts of the circulation determines the resistance to flow. Hence it also determines the level of blood pressure in both the pulmonary and systemic circulation and thus the afterload for both ventricles of the heart. A narrowing of the small arteries (e.g. due to an increase in tone) therefore leads to an increase in blood pressure in the affected part of the circulation. This will decrease organ perfusion but increase the afterload for the corresponding ventricle of the heart. Consequently, the affected ventricle must build up more pressure to maintain cardiac output. However, if the rise in blood pressure (pulmonary or arterial hypertension) persists the increase in wall tension can no longer be compensated by active constriction, thereby forcing the ventricle to resort to other means to unload itself. Typically, this is achieved by structural alterations in its wall which becomes thicker (hypertrophy) and stiffer (remodelling of the extracellular matrix). Ultimately, this maladaptive response may lead to dysfunction and eventually failure of the ventricle, which would only be able to eject a significantly smaller amount of blood into circulation. The increase in wall tension has resulted in an increased stretching of the cardiomyocytes as well as non-cardiomyocytes, such as cardiac fibroblasts, which in turn alters both their phenotype and their environment. Research into the mechanobiology of the heart aims to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the physiological response of the heart to load to learn what goes wrong when the heart is faced with sustained pressure overload. This may pave the way to therapeutically interfering with this maladaptive response and thus preventing either the initial hypertrophy or its transition into heart failure. While the heart is mainly subjected to pressure hence stretch as a biomechanical force, the mechanobiology of vascular cells is somewhat more complex. Endothelial cells lining the luminal surface of each blood vessel are continuously subjected to the viscous drag of flowing blood (referred to as fluid shear stress). Fluid shear stress mainly affects the endothelial cells of the small arteries and arterioles, maintaining them in a dormant phenotype. If blood flow is disturbed (e.g. at arterial bifurcations or curvatures) fluid shear stress declines and may give rise to a shift in phenotype of the endothelial cells. A shift from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory in combination with the reduced flow at these sites may enable leukocyte recruitment and diapedesis, which results in a pro-inflammatory response in the vessel wall. Endothelial cells and in particular vascular smooth muscle cells are subjected to another biomechanical force: the blood pressure. Volume-dependent distention of the vessel wall (which can be achieved through an increase in blood flow) results in an increase in wall tension, thereby stretching of the endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Like the cardiomyocytes of the heart, the vascular smooth muscle cells of the small arteries and arterioles try to normalise wall tension by active constriction, which cannot be maintained for long. These cells subsequently undergo hypertrophy or hyperplasia (depending on the size of the blood vessel) and remodel the extracellular matrix so that the vessel wall also becomes thicker and stiffer. This in turn raises their resistance to flow and may contribute to the increase in blood pressure in either the pulmonary or systemic circulation. Research into the mechanobiology of the blood vessels aims to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the physiological response of the vascular cells to pressure (wall tension) and flow (shear stress). It also aims to uncover what goes wrong (e.g. in arteriosclerosis or hypertension) and to eventually specifically interfere with these maladaptive remodelling processes. The aforementioned aspects of cardiovascular mechanobiology along with many more facets of this fascinating, timely and highly clinically relevant field of research are addressed by the original research and review articles within this Research Topic.

Download or read book Vascular Mechanobiology in Physiology and Disease written by Markus Hecker and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology presents the most relevant aspects of vascular mechanobiology along with many more facets of this fascinating, timely and clinically highly relevant field. Mechanotransduction, mechanosensing, fluid shear stress, hameodynamics and cell fate, are just a few topics to name. All important aspects of vascular mechanobiology in health and disease are reviewed by some of the top experts in the field. This volume, together with a second title on cardiac mechanobiology featured in this series, will be of high relevance to scientists and clinical researchers in the area of vascular biology, cardiology and biomedical engineering.

Download or read book Mechanobiology Handbook Second Edition written by Jiro Nagatomi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanobiology—the study of the effects of mechanics on biological events—has evolved to answer numerous research questions. Mechanobiology Handbook 2nd Edition is a reference book for engineers, scientists, and clinicians who are interested in mechanobiology and a textbook for senior undergraduate to graduate level students of this growing field. Readers will gain a comprehensive review of recent research findings as well as elementary chapters on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and molecular analysis techniques. The new edition presents, in addition to the chapters of the first edition, homework problem sets that are available online and reviews of research in uncovered areas. Moreover, the new edition includes chapters on statistical analysis, design of experiments and optical imaging. The editors of this book are researchers and educators in mechanobiology. They realized a need for a single volume to assist course instructors as a guide for didactic teaching of mechanobiology to a diverse student body. A mechanobiology course is frequently made up of both undergraduate and graduate students pursuing degrees in engineering, biology, or integrated engineering and biology. Their goal was to present both the elementary and cutting-edge aspects of mechanobiology in a manner that is accessible to students from many different academic levels and from various disciplinary backgrounds. Moreover, it is their hope that the readers of Mechanobiology Handbook 2nd Edition will find study questions at the end of each chapter useful for long-term learning and further discussion. Comprehensive collection of reviews of recent research Introductory materials in mechanics, biology, and statistics Discussion of pioneering and emerging mechanobiology concepts Presentation of cutting-edge mechanobiology research findings across various fields and organ systems End of chapter study questions, available online Considering the complexity of the mechanics and the biology of the human body, most of the world of mechanobiology remains to be studied. Since the field is still developing, the Mechanobiology Handbook raises many different viewpoints and approaches with the intention of stimulating further research endeavours.

Download or read book Cardiac Mechanobiology in Physiology and Disease written by Markus Hecker and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-19 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest findings in the field of cardiac mechanobiology in health and disease. Cardiac mechanobiology provides knowledge of all aspects of mechanobiology of the heart. Cardiomyogenesis is discussed as well as the mechanobiology of cardiac remodeling and regeneration. The molecular mechanisms of mechanoperception and mechanotransduction in cardiomyocytes are explained, as well as stretch induced differentiation of cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. This volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology complements the volume Vascular Mechanobiology in Physiology and Disease (volume 8) published in this series. The book is aimed at clinicians as well as researchers in cardiovascular biology, bioengineering and biophysics, and also represents an educational resource for young researchers and students in these fields.

Download or read book New Insights into Cardiovascular Mechanobiology Molecular Basis and Clinical Perspectives written by Jing Zhou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mechanobiology written by Glen L. Niebur and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanobiology: From Molecular Sensing to Disease will provide a review of the current state of understanding of mechanobiology and its role in health and disease. It covers: Current understanding of the main molecular pathways by which cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, A review of diseases that with known or purported mechanobiological underpinnings; The role of mechanobiology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; Experimental methods to capture mechanobiological phenomena; Computational models in mechanobiology. Presents our current understanding of the main molecular pathways by which cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli Provides a review of diseases with known or purported mechanobiological underpinnings Includes the role of mechanobiology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Covers experimental methods to capture mechanobiological phenomena

Download or read book Cardiovascular Mechanics written by Michel R. Labrosse and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-13 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to illustrate in specific detail how cardiovascular mechanics stands as a common pillar supporting such different clinical successes as drugs for high blood pressure, prosthetic heart valves and coronary artery bypass grafting, among others. This information is conveyed through a comprehensive treatment of the overarching principles and theories that are behind mechanobiological processes, aortic and arterial mechanics, atherosclerosis, blood and microcirculation, hear valve mechanics, as well as medical devices and drugs. Examines all major theoretical and practical aspects of mechanical forces related to the cardiovascular system. Discusses a unique coverage of mechanical changes related to an aging cardiovascular system. Provides an overview of experimental methods in cardiovascular mechanics. Written by world-class researchers from Canada, the US and EU. Extensive references are provided at the end of each chapter to enhance further study. Michel R. Labrosse is the founder of the Cardiovascular Mechanics Laboratory at the University of Ottawa, where he is a full professor within the Department of Mechanical Engineering. He has been an active researcher in academia along with being heavily associated with the University of Ottawa Heart Institute. He has authored or co-authored over 90 refereed communications, and supervised or co-supervised over 40 graduate students and post-docs.

Download or read book Modern Mechanobiology written by Sharon Gerecht and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern mechanobiology converges both engineering and medicine to address personalized medicine. This book is built on the previously well-received edition, Hemodynamics and Mechanobiology of Endothelium. The central theme focuses on "omic" approaches to mechanosignal transduction underlying tissue development, injury, and repair. A cadre of investigators has contributed to the individual book chapters, thereby enriching the interface between mechanobiology and precision medicine for personalized diagnosis and intervention. The first two chapters provide the fundamental basis of vascular disease in response to hemodynamic shear stress. The following chapters embark on a journey of cardiovascular development and regeneration, valvular and cardiac morphogenesis, mechanosensitive microRNA and histone unfolding, computational fluid dynamics, and light-sheet imaging. The textbook represents a paradigm shift from traditional biomechanics and signal transduction to transgenic models, including novel zebrafish and chick embryos. This second edition targets a wider readership from academia to industry and government agencies in the field of mechanobiology.

Download or read book Modern Mechanobiology written by Juhyun Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern mechanobiology converges both engineering and medicine to address personalized medicine. This book is built on the previously well-received edition, Hemodynamics and Mechanobiology of Endothelium. The central theme is "omic" approaches to mechanosignal transduction underlying tissue development, injury, and repair. A cadre of investigators has contributed to the chapters, enriching the interface between mechanobiology and precision medicine for personalized diagnosis and intervention. The book begins with the fundamental basis of vascular disease in response to hemodynamic shear stress and then details cardiovascular development and regeneration, valvular and cardiac morphogenesis, mechanosensitive microRNA and histone unfolding, computational fluid dynamics, and light-sheet imaging. This edition represents a paradigm shift from traditional biomechanics and signal transduction to transgenic models, including novel zebrafish and chick embryos, and targets a wider readership from academia to industry and government agencies in the field of mechanobiology.

Download or read book Biomechanics written by Manuel Doblare and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2015-12-30 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanics is a component of Encyclopedia of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The enormous progress in the field of health sciences that has been achieved in the 19th and 20th centuries would have not been possible without the enabling interaction and support of sophisticated technologies that progressively gave rise to a new interdisciplinary field named alternatively as bioengineering or biomedical engineering. Although both terms are synonymous, the latter is less general since it limits the field of application to medicine and clinical practice, while the former covers semantically the whole field of interaction between life sciences and engineering, thus including also applications in biology, biochemistry or the many '-omics'. We use in this book the second, with more general meaning, recalling the very important relation between fundamental science and engineering. And this also recognizes the tremendous economic and social impacts of direct application of engineering in medicine that maintains the health industry as one with the fastest growth in the world economy. Biomechanics, in particular, aims to explain and predict the mechanics of the different components of living beings, from molecules to organisms as well as to design, manufacture and use of any artificial device that interacts with the mechanics of living beings. It helps, therefore, to understand how living systems move, to characterize the interaction between forces and deformation along all spatial scales, to analyze the interaction between structural behavior and microstructure, with the very important particularity of dealing with adaptive systems, able to adapt their internal structure, size and geometry to the particular mechanical environment in which they develop their activity, to understand and predict alterations in the mechanical function due to injuries, diseases or pathologies and, finally, to propose methods of artificial intervention for functional diagnosis or recovery. Biomechanics is today a very highly interdisciplinary subject that attracts the attention of engineers, mathematicians, physicists, chemists, material specialists, biologists, medical doctors, etc. They work in many different topics from a purely scientific objective to industrial applications and with an increasing arsenal of sophisticated modeling and experimental tools but always with the final objectives of better understanding the fundamentals of life and improve the quality of life of human beings. One purpose in this volume has been to present an overview of some of these many possible subjects in a self-contained way for a general audience. This volume is aimed at the following major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, and Research Personnel.

Download or read book Multiscale Modeling in Biomechanics and Mechanobiology written by Suvranu De and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a state-of-the-art overview of theoretical and computational models that link characteristic biomechanical phenomena, this book provides guidelines and examples for creating multiscale models in representative systems and organisms. It develops the reader's understanding of and intuition for multiscale phenomena in biomechanics and mechanobiology, and introduces a mathematical framework and computational techniques paramount to creating predictive multiscale models. Biomechanics involves the study of the interactions of physical forces with biological systems at all scales – including molecular, cellular, tissue and organ scales. The emerging field of mechanobiology focuses on the way that cells produce and respond to mechanical forces – bridging the science of mechanics with the disciplines of genetics and molecular biology. Linking disparate spatial and temporal scales using computational techniques is emerging as a key concept in investigating some of the complex problems underlying these disciplines. Providing an invaluable field manual for graduate students and researchers of theoretical and computational modelling in biology, this book is also intended for readers interested in biomedical engineering, applied mechanics and mathematical biology.

Download or read book Differential Diagnosis in Neurology written by R.J. Schwartzman and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 1500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of an exercise in differential diagnosis is to establish crosslinks between medical facts stored in different sections of our memory. This book, Differential Diagnosis in Neurology, is the unified perspective of an eminent physician with decades of clinical experience and teaching; one of the most skilled clinical neurologists of modern times and a seasoned researcher who was the primary investigator for many clinical trials, and who published numerous clinical and basic research papers. The “real world” aspects of the book are based on morning reports with neurology residents and students conducted over 40 years. The differential diagnosis generated by subspecialty division chiefs supplemented those proposed in morning reports. The book is conceived as a guide that will give the clinician a concise snapshot or skeleton with a general background of the disease at hand. Other disease aspects included in this book are molecular genetics, physiology, and biochemistry that will elucidate mechanisms and assist in discovering new entities. Each chapter includes an extensive list of suggestions for further reading. It is the art of crosslinking between medical facts that distinguishes Dr. Schwartzman from other teachers of Neurology and that makes this book uniquely valuable. “The essence of a differential diagnosis is ‘splitting’ rather than ‘lumping’: it requires bringing knowledge to the table and then adding experience.” - R.J. Schwartzman

Download or read book Biomaterials for Cardiac Regeneration written by Erik J. Suuronen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-12 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers readers a comprehensive biomaterials-based approach to achieving clinically successful, functionally integrated vasculogenesis and myogenesis in the heart. Coverage is multidisciplinary, including the role of extracellular matrices in cardiac development, whole-heart tissue engineering, imaging the mechanisms and effects of biomaterial-based cardiac regeneration, and autologous bioengineered heart valves. Bringing current knowledge together into a single volume, this book provides a compendium to students and new researchers in the field and constitutes a platform to allow for future developments and collaborative approaches in biomaterials-based regenerative medicine, even beyond cardiac applications.

Download or read book Regenerative Pharmacology written by George J. Christ and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regenerative medicine is broadly defined as the repair or replacement of damaged cells, tissues and organs. It is a multidisciplinary effort in which technologies derive from the fields of cell, developmental and molecular biology; chemical and material sciences (i.e. nanotechnology); engineering; surgery; transplantation; immunology; molecular genetics; physiology; and pharmacology. As regenerative medicine technologies continue to evolve and expand across the boundaries of numerous scientific disciplines, they remain at the forefront of the translational research frontier with the potential to radically alter the treatment of a wide variety of disease and dysfunction. This book will draw attention to the critical role that pharmacological sciences will undeniably play in the advancement of these treatments. This book is invaluable for advanced students, postdoctoral fellows, researchers new to the field of regenerative medicine/tissue engineering, and experienced investigators looking for new research avenues. The first state-of-the-art book in this rapidly evolving field of research.

Download or read book Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine written by D. George and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2021-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most human tissues do not regenerate spontaneously, but the development of biotherapies using stem cells may offer promising alternatives. Among the possible medium-term therapeutic applications for this technique are: cardiac insufficiency, preparation of small diameter arteries, treatment of atherosclerosis, bone repair, cartilage defects, burns, diabetes, liver or bladder regeneration, and neurodegenerative disorders. This concept of regenerative medicine is an emerging multidisciplinary field involving surgery medicine, biology, chemistry, mechanics and engineering, and can be seen as a way of improving health and quality of life by restoring, maintaining, or enhancing tissue and organ function. This book presents the proceedings of the 9th China-France Symposium on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, held in Strasbourg, France, from 2-4 October 2019.The aim of the symposium was to provide researchers, clinicians and students with a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of stem cells and potential medical applications in cellular and tissue engineering for the treatment of various chronic diseases. It also brought together scientists from various disciplines and experiences to discuss recent advances in the use and applications of stem cells. The contributions presented here divide into three main themes: cells; tissue engineering; and clinical applications. Important complementary aspects such as ethics and cell marketing are also discussed. Illustrating the challenges and recent progress achieved in the characterization of stem cells, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field.

Download or read book Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine written by J.-F. Stoltz and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world’s population ages, the problem of degenerative disease is increasing. At the same time, the demand for organ transplants to repair or replace damaged tissue continues to grow. Regenerative medicine is a branch of translational medicine which promotes the repair, regeneration, or construction of tissues and organs or improves or restores their function through tissue engineering, cell biology, molecular biology and other techniques. Stem cells are one of the most important types of cells used in regenerative medicine, and stem cell research is also one of the most active research areas in the field. This book presents 20 full papers from the 8th International Symposium China-Europe “Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine”, held in Wuhan, China from 19-21 June 2018. At this symposium, researchers in the field of stem cells and regenerative medicine from China and France discussed research from a molecular point of view and pointed out the clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as the construction and applications of new biomaterials, the biomechanics of bone tissue engineering, and cellular immunotherapy, among other subjects. Stem cell technology could soon make possible the repair or replacement of aging and damaged tissue, as well as providing a treatment for genetic defects and malignancies,and this book will be of value to all those with an interest in regenerative medicine.

Download or read book Cardiovascular Physiology in the Genetically Engineered Mouse written by Brian D. Hoit and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-16 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enormous advances in molecular biology and genetics coupled with the progress in instrumentation and surgical techniques have produced a voluminous and often bewildering quantity of data. The need for a second edition of Cardiovascular Physiology in the Genetically Engineered Mouse is underscored not only by these rapid advances, but by the increasing numbers of scientists who have focussed their research on genetically engineered mice. It is the primary objective of this second edition to interpret critically the literature and to provide a framework for the enormous amount of information in this burgeoning field. As in the first edition, the monograph serves as a practical guide for the investigator interested in the functional methods used to characterize the murine cardiovascular phenotype. However, this guidebook is a more comprehensive text than its predecessor; although the major objectives enumerated in the first edition have not substantially changed, they have been refined in keeping with the increased sophistication of the molecular biologist, geneticist, and physiologist in each other's discipline. Each chapter has been expanded and updated, richly enhanced with original tables and figures, and in many cases, extensively rewritten. Eight chapters written by internationally recognized experts have been added; this represents a 43 % increase from the first edition.