Download or read book Carbon Ion Radiotherapy written by Hirohiko Tsujii and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-25 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a practical guide for the use of carbon ions in cancer radiotherapy. On the basis of clinical experience with more than 7,000 patients with various types of tumors treated over a period of nearly 20 years at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, step-by-step procedures and technological development of this modality are highlighted. The book is divided into two sections, the first covering the underlying principles of physics and biology, and the second section is a systematic review by tumor site, concentrating on the role of therapeutic techniques and the pitfalls in treatment planning. Readers will learn of the superior outcomes obtained with carbon-ion therapy for various types of tumors in terms of local control and toxicities. It is essential to understand that the carbon-ion beam is like a two-edged sword: unless it is used properly, it can increase the risk of severe injury to critical organs. In early series of dose-escalation studies, some patients experienced serious adverse effects such as skin ulcers, pneumonitis, intestinal ulcers, and bone necrosis, for which salvage surgery or hospitalization was required. To preclude such detrimental results, the adequacy of therapeutic techniques and dose fractionations was carefully examined in each case. In this way, significant improvements in treatment results have been achieved and major toxicities are no longer observed. With that knowledge, experts in relevant fields expand upon techniques for treatment delivery at each anatomical site, covering indications and optimal treatment planning. With its practical focus, this book will benefit radiation oncologists, medical physicists, medical dosimetrists, radiation therapists, and senior nurses whose work involves radiation therapy, as well as medical oncologists and others who are interested in radiation therapy.

Download or read book Contemporary Problems in Carbonium Ion Chemistry I II written by C. Rees and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1965 a book by P. Bartlett appeared under the title "The Nonclassical Ions" 1). The book is a collection of papers reprinted from various journals. The many reviews that have appeared since 2-22) are either antiquated (the book published in 1972 12) covers the literature mainly before 1968) or relatively biased (e.g., 3.4,10» on brief 2, 7,11). This review attempts to discuss the various points of view on the "nonclassical" carbocations. The main point is to establish the relative role of "nonclassical" and "classical" ions in various chemical processes. The author has followed P. Bartlett's advice 1) that when setting forth the achievements of the human mind one should see how we came to the modern understanding of a given problem (" ... how we know what we know"). The theory of "nonclassical" ions offers an explanation of many unique chemical, stereochemical and kinetic peculiarities of bicyclic compounds. It has expanded our knowledge on chemical bonds in carbocations by introducing electron-deficient bonds (as in boron hydrides). It has accounted for many rearrangements of stable cations. As a "side" result our knowledge has been extended about ionization processes in a solution, as well as about stereochemical methods. 2 Main Terms of Nonclassical Carbocations In 1939 Hevell, Salas and Wilson 23) assumed an intermediate, "bridge" ion 2 to be formed when camphene hydrochloride 1 is rearranged into isobornyl chloride 3. This happened 17 years after Meerwein first postulated the intermediate formation of "carbonium" ions in chemical reactions.

Download or read book Onium Ions written by George A. Olah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-08-11 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Der Autor George Olah, der 1995 den Nobelpreis erhielt, stellt in seinem Buch die Anwendung von Onium-Ionen als elektrophile Reagenzien und Katalysatoren dar und erläutert diese für die chemische Synthese bedeutsamen Verbindungen. (8/98)

Download or read book Contemporary Problems in Carbonium Ion Chemistry III written by V. A. Koptyug and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 1985-12-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Contemporary Problems in Carbonium Ion Chemistry III".

Download or read book The Organic Chemistry Problem Solver written by Research and Education Association and published by Research & Education Assoc.. This book was released on 1994 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mother's long, long letter brings Aunt Hetta surprise and adventure, as the loose pages bury her house and keep her warm during the winter.

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Download or read book The Chemistry of Cationic Polymerization written by P. H. Plesch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-01-11 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Cationic Polymerization covers the fundamental aspects of organic chemistry that provide significant insights into the many facets of cationic polymerization processes and products. Each chapter deals with individual and groups of monomers. Considerable chapters examine the chemistry of oxygen compounds. Other chapters describe the techniques for cationic polymer analysis and detection. This text also considers sulfur compounds, particularly their polymerizations by radical and anionic mechanisms. The remaining chapters explore the polymerization and products of carbonium ions, related organic reactions and comparison with radical and anionic polymerizations, as well as the conspectus of kinetics and mechanism. This book is of great value to organic and polymer chemists.

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Download or read book Objective Chemistry For Iit Entrance written by Alok Mittal and published by New Age International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Book Enables Students To Thoroughly Master Pre-College Chemistry And Helps Them To Prepare For Various Entrance (Screening) Tests With Skill And Confidence.The Book Thoroughly Explains The Following: * Physical Chemistry, With Detailed Concepts And Numerical Problems * Organic Chemistry, With More Chemical Equations And Conversion * Inorganic Chemistry, With Theory And ExamplesIn Addition To A Well-Explained Theory, The Book Includes, Well Categorized, Classified And Sub-Classified Questions (With Authentic Answers And Explanations) On The Basis Of * Memory Based Questions (Sequential Questions, To Help Step-By-Step Learning And Understanding The Concepts In Each Chapter) * Logic Based Questions (Numerical Objective Problems & Questions Requiring Tricks) * Questions From Competitive Exams (Covering Objective Questions Up To Year 2002 Of All Indian Engineering/Medical Examinations In Chronological Order).

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Download or read book The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua written by James G. Speight and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-11-05 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Second Edition expands and updates information on the technological aspects of refining heavy oils, residua, bitumen, and other high-sulfur feedstocks. Focuses on the range of next-generation refining processes."

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Download or read book Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry written by Hashmat Ali and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents all the aspects of Reaction Mechanism in an exhaustive and systematic manner. Taking a contemporary approach to the subject, it thrives on worked out mechanisms and solved examples for the students to understand and practice various categories of chemical reactions. Designed to meet the growing needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students, this book would also be useful as a reference text to the aspirants appearing for various national-level entrance examinations.

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