Download or read book Carbonic Anhydrase Mechanism Regulation Links to Disease and Industrial Applications written by Susan C. Frost and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of carbonic anhydrase has spanned multiple generations of scientists. Carbonic anhydrase was first discovered in 1932 by Meldrum and Roughton. Inhibition by sulfanilamide was shown in 1940 by Mann and Keilin. Even Hans Krebs contributed to early studies with a paper in 1948 showing the relationship of 25 different sulfonamides to CA inhibition. It was he who pointed out the importance of both the charged and uncharged character of these compounds for physiological experiments. The field of study that focuses on carbonic anhydrase (CA) has exploded in recent years with the identification of new families and isoforms. The CAs are metalloenzymes which are comprised of 5 structurally different families: the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, and epsilon classes. The alpha class is found primarily in animals with several isoforms associated with human disease. The beta CAs are expressed primarily in plants and are the most divergent. The gamma CAs are the most ancient. These are structurally related to the beta CAs, but have a mechanism more similar to the alpha CAs. The delta CAs are found in marine algae and diflagellates. The epsilon class is found in prokaryotes in which it is part of the carboxysome shell perhaps supplying RuBisCO with CO2 for carbon fixation. With the excitement surrounding the discovery of disease-related CAs, scientists have redoubled their efforts to better understand structure-function relationships, to design high affinity, isotype-specific inhibitors, and to delineate signaling systems that play regulatory roles over expression and activity. We have designed the book to cover basic information of mechanism, structure, and function of the CA families. The authors included in this book bring to light the newest data with regard to the role of CA in physiology and pathology, across phylums, and in unique environmental niches.
Download or read book The Carbonic Anhydrases written by W.R. Chegwidden and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a seemingly ubiquitous enzyme of profound physiological importance, which plays essential roles in respiration, acid-base homeostasis, bone resorption, calcification, photosynthesis, several biosynthetic pathways and a variety of processes involving ion, gas and fluid transfer. This enzyme, which is present in at least three gene families (a, ß, ?), has found favour as a model for the study of evolution of gene families and for site-directed mutagenesis in structure/function relationships, for protein folding and for transgenic and gene target studies. Since the early use of CA inhibitors as diuretics and in treating congestive heart failure, the enzyme has been target of considerable clinical attention. Much of this is now focused on endeavours to produce a new generation of such drugs for the effective treatment of glaucoma and other potential applications. Recent data, suggesting links between CA and various disease processes, including cancer, have stimulated further...
Download or read book Carbonic Anhydrase as Drug Target written by Daumantas Matulis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers deep insights into the thermodynamics and molecular structures of the twelve catalytically active isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (CA) with a particular focus on inhibitor binding for drug design. X-ray crystallographic structures in combination with enzyme kinetic testing provide information on the interaction of CAs and their inhibitors, knowledge which is crucial for rational drug design. CAs are zinc carrying enzymes that catalyse the reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate and are involved in numerous cellular processes. They are therefore a common target for drugs. The suppression of CA activities through inhibitory compounds has found application for example in diuretics and in glaucoma therapy. In this book methods used to determine binding thermodynamics of inhibitory compounds (Isothermal titration calorimetry, Fluorescent thermal shift assay/differential scanning fluorimetry and others) will be compared in detail. Also types and chemical synthesis of CA inhibitors, the use of antibodies against CAs as well as inhibitor application in animals are discussed.
Download or read book Carbonic Anhydrases written by Joni Penttinen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this compilation, the authors address the relationship between carbonic anhydrase IX and hypoxia. Hypoxia is a key factor influencing a life-cycle of CA IX, including its expression, correct structure, stability, function, and subsequent biological implications. Hypoxia also regulates CA IX expression by post-transcriptional mechanisms through splicing and mRNA stabilization. A review is provided focusing on the sequence of elementary reactions ensuing a catalytic reaction (catalytic mechanism) of carbonic anhydrase. The closing chapter discusses carbonic anhydrases in chloroplasts, especially their location in the organelles, as well as considers their uses.
Download or read book Carbonic Anhydrases written by Joni Penttinen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbonic Anhydrases and Metabolism written by Claudiu T. Supuran and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes present in all kingdoms of life, as they equilibrate the reaction between three simple but essential chemical species: CO2, bicarbonate, and protons. Discovered more than 80 years ago, in 1933, these enzymes have been extensively investigated due to the biomedical application of their inhibitors, but also because they are an extraordinary example of convergent evolution, with seven genetically distinct CA families that evolved independently in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. CAs are also among the most efficient enzymes known in nature, due to the fact that the uncatalyzed hydration of CO2 is a very slow process and the physiological demands for its conversion to ionic, soluble species is very high. Inhibition of the CAs has pharmacological applications in many fields, such as antiglaucoma, anticonvulsant, antiobesity, and anticancer agents/diagnostic tools, but is also emerging for designing anti-infectives, i.e., antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoan agents with a novel mechanism of action. Mitochondrial CAs are implicated in de novo lipogenesis, and thus selective inhibitors of such enzymes may be useful for the development of new antiobesity drugs. As tumor metabolism is diverse compared to that of normal cells, ultimately, relevant contributions on the role of the tumor-associated isoforms CA IX and XII in these phenomena have been published and the two isoforms have been validated as novel antitumor/antimetastatic drug targets, with antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors in various stages of clinical development. CAs also play a crucial role in other metabolic processes connected with urea biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, and so on, since many carboxylation reactions catalyzed by acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase or pyruvate carboxylase use bicarbonate, not CO2, as a substrate. In organisms other than mammals, e.g., plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, CAs are involved in photosynthesis, whereas in many parasites (fungi, protozoa), they are involved in the de novo synthesis of important metabolites (lipids, nucleic acids, etc.). The metabolic effects related to interference with CA activity, however, have been scarcely investigated. The present Special Issue of Metabolites aims to fill this gap by presenting the latest developments in the field of CAs and their role in metabolism.
Download or read book Carbonic Anhydrases as Biocatalysts written by Claudiu T. Supuran and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-01-14 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, present throughout most living organisms and encoded by five evolutionarily unrelated gene families. The Carbonic Anhydrases as Biocatalysts: From Theory to Medical and Industrial Applications presents information on the growing interest in the study of this enzyme family and their applications to both medicine and biotechnology. - Offers comprehensive coverage of the carbonic anhydrases enzyme family and their properties as biocatalysts - Includes current applications of carbonic anhydrases in biotechnology on the basis of their catalytic efficiency, including new technologies for CO2 capture processes - Identifies new targets for drug design studies - Provides a selectivity profile for the different carbonic anhydrases and their related biomedical applications
Download or read book Carbonic Anhydrase written by Claudiu T. Supuran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-05-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbonic Anhydrase: Its Inhibitors and Activators provides a state-of-the-art overview of the latest developments and challenges in carbonic anhydrase research. Authors describe the mechanisms of action of specific inhibitors in relation to physiological function, and present previously unpublished research on CA activators. Written by a team of internationally recognized experts, this authoritative edition is a leading reference for bioscientists across many disciplines, as well as novices interested in the latest developments in this complex field. An understanding of the mechanisms through which carbonic anhydrases interact with their inhibitors and activators in complex biological environments is essential in developing novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of disease.
Download or read book Cyanobacteria Biotechnology written by Paul Hudson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unites a biological and a biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria, and includes the industrial aspects and applications of cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria Biotechnology offers a guide to the interesting and useful features of cyanobacteria metabolism that keeps true to a biotechnology vision. In one volume the book brings together both biology and biotechnology to illuminate the core acpects and principles of cyanobacteria metabolism. Designed to offer a practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria, the book contains relevant examples of how this metabolic "module" is currently being engineered and how it could be engineered in the future. The author includes information on the requirements and real-world experiences of the industrial applications of cyanobacteria. This important book: Brings together biology and biotechnology in order to gain insight into the industrial relevant topic of cyanobacteria Introduces the key aspects of the metabolism of cyanobacteria Presents a grounded, practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria Offers an analysis of the requirements and experiences for industrial cyanobacteria Provides a framework for readers to design their own processes Written for biotechnologists, microbiologists, biologists, biochemists, Cyanobacteria Biotechnology provides a systematic and clear volume that brings together the biological and biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria.
Download or read book In cell NMR Spectroscopy written by Yutaka Ito and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-cell NMR spectroscopy is a relatively new field. Despite its short history, recent in-cell NMR-related publications in major journals indicate that this method is receiving significant general attention. This book provides the first informative work specifically focused on in-cell NMR. It details the historical background of in-cell NMR, host cells for in-cell NMR studies, methods for in-cell biological techniques and NMR spectroscopy, applications, and future perspectives. Researchers in biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, cell biology, structural biology as well as NMR analysts interested in biological applications will all find this book valuable reading.
Download or read book The Carbonic Anhydrases Current and Emerging Therapeutic Targets written by W. Richard Chegwidden and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume assembles and integrates the wealth of diverse information that is now accumulating in this burgeoning field. The existing and potential therapeutic applications of targeting CA cover a remarkably wide-range of diseases and disorders and have generated increasing and extensive interest in recent years. Its inter-disciplinary approach embraces both the most up-to-date therapeutic application of CA-targeting and the latest research data that will provide a platform for the development of novel applications. The interested audience comprises scientists and clinicians from many relevant disciplines within science and medicine.
Download or read book Novel Materials for Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Technology written by Bryan Morreale and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials for Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Technology offers expert insight and experience from recognized authorities in advanced material development in carbon mitigation technology and constitutes a comprehensive guide to the selection and design of a wide range of solvent/sorbent/catalyst used by scientists globally. It appeals to chemical scientists, material scientists and engineers, energy researchers, and environmental scientists from academia, industry, and government in their research directed toward greener, more efficient carbon mitigation processes. Emphasizes material development for carbon mitigation technologies rather than regulations Provides a fundamental understanding of the underpinning science as well as technological approaches to implement carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies Introduces the driving force behind novel materials, their performance and applications for carbon dioxide mitigation Contains figures, tables and an abundance of examples clearly explaining the development, characterization and evaluation of novel carbon mitigation materials Includes hundreds of citations drawing on the most recent published works on the subject Provides a wealth of real-world examples, illustrating how to bridge nano-scale materials to bulk carbon mitigation properties
Download or read book Drug Design of Zinc Enzyme Inhibitors written by Claudiu T. Supuran and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together functional and structural informationrelevant to the design of drugs targeting zinc enzymes The second most abundant transition element in living organisms, zinc spans all areas of metabolism, with zinc-containing proteins offering both established and potential drug targets. Drug Design of Zinc-Enzyme Inhibitors brings together functional and structural information relevant to these zinc-containing targets. With up-to-date overviews of the latest developments field, this unique and comprehensive text enables readers to understand zinc enzymes and evaluate them in a drug design context. With contributions from the leaders of today's research, Drug Design of Zinc-Enzyme Inhibitors covers such key topics as: Major drug targets like carbonic anhydrases, matrix metalloproteinases, bacterial proteases, angiotensin-converting enzyme, histone deacetylase, and APOBEC3G Roles of recently discovered zinc-containing isozymes in cancer, obesity, epilepsy, pain management, malaria, and other conditions Cross reactivity of zinc-enzyme inhibitors and activators The extensive use of X-ray crystallography and QSAR studies for understanding zinc-containing proteins Clinical applications An essential resource for the discovery and development of new drug molecules, Drug Design of Zinc-Enzyme Inhibitors gives researchers, professionals, students, and academics the foundation to understand and work with zinc enzyme inhibitors and activators.
Download or read book Fluid Electrolyte and Acid base Physiology written by Mitchell L. Halperin and published by Saunders. This book was released on 1999 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This popular reference offers well-balanced coverage of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders. Thorough without going into extraneous detail, it synthesizes key theoretical and clinical information in a way that is easy to understand and apply. The 3rd Edition presents the most recent discoveries about molecular biology...acute and chronic hyponatremia...endogenous acid production...and much more.
Download or read book Mining Designing Mechanisms and Applications of Extremophilic Enzymes written by Junpei Zhou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-29 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Carbonic Anhydrases Current and Emerging Therapeutic Targets written by W. Richard Chegwidden and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume assembles and integrates the wealth of diverse information that is now accumulating in this burgeoning field. The existing and potential therapeutic applications of targeting CA cover a remarkably wide-range of diseases and disorders and have generated increasing and extensive interest in recent years. Its inter-disciplinary approach embraces both the most up-to-date therapeutic application of CA-targeting and the latest research data that will provide a platform for the development of novel applications. The interested audience comprises scientists and clinicians from many relevant disciplines within science and medicine.
Download or read book Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants written by Horst Marschner and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents the principles of mineral nutrition in the light of current advances. For this second edition more emphasis has been placed on root water relations and functions of micronutrients as well as external and internal factors on root growth and the root-soil interface.
