Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Grassland Soils Across Arkansas written by Marya Jean McKee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capture, conversion, and long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) as soil organic carbon (SOC), a process known as soil C sequestration, is a possible solution to the current and ever-increasing threat of rising greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change. Tallgrass prairies, which once historically covered the country, are known to accumulate and sequester large amounts of C from the atmosphere deep within the soil, due to their extensive rooting systems. The purpose of this research was to increase understanding of soil C sequestration dynamics and general functioning in disappearing native grassland ecosystems within Arkansas, as well as the effects of physiographic region (Ozark Highlands and Grand Prairie Regions), soil moisture regime (udic and aquic), landuse (agriculturally managed and native undisturbed), and years under restoration on soil properties in native grassland ecosystems and other types of managed soils, in order to enhance soil rehabilitation and ecosystem restoration projects. Soil samples were collected from the top 10 cm in 2001/2002 or 2005 and again in 2016/2017 and the change over time was directly quantified for soil bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter (SOM), total C (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and the fraction of TC and TN in SOM. Results indicate greater soil C sequestration occurring in the relatively cooler and drier climate of the Ozark Highlands compared to the Grand Prairie region. Despite the native prairie losing soil C at a rate of 4.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1 over the 15-year duration of the study, likely due to the effects of severe ecosystem fragmentation, soil C storage in 2016 was more than 2.5 times greater in the native prairie than in the cultivated agroecosystems in the Grand Prairie. Soil properties within the restoration study generally behaved as expected, with beneficial decreases in soil BD and increases in SOM, TC, TN, and TC and TN fractions of SOM occurring over time as restoration age increased and tended towards that in the native prairie. The soil C sequestration rate obtained for the restoration study through linear regression analysis was much lower (i.e. 0.0033 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) than the rate acquired through direct measurement over the 12-yr sampling period, which ranged from -0.21 to 0.12 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, implying that linear regression among soil C contents and ecosystem age can lead to potential substantial underestimations of soil C sequestration occurring in prairie restorations. This research demonstrates the value of direct measurements over time for assessing temporal changes in soil properties so that results can be used to guide expectations of the effects of physiographic region and soil moisture regime for future restoration activities to be as successful as possible.

Download or read book Landuse and Physiographic Region Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration in Arkansas written by Kristofor Brye and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing understanding of soil carbon (C) sequestration dynamics and general functioning in disappearing native grassland ecosystems, has the potential to enhance soil rehabilitation and ecosystem restoration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of landuse (native tallgrass prairie and managed agriculture) and physiographic region (northwest Arkansas and east-central Arkansas) on the change in soil C and nitrogen (N) storage and other soil properties over a 15-year period. Despite the native prairie losing soil C at a rate of 4.7¬†Mg¬†ha,àí1¬†year,àí1 over the 15-year duration of this study, soil C storage in 2016 was more than 2.5 times greater in the native prairie than in the cultivated agroecosystems in the Grand Prairie. Averaged across landuse, TC concentration (P¬†

Download or read book CO2 Sequestration written by Leidivan Almeida Frazão and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses different strategies that can be adopted by agriculture and industry to enhance CO2 sequestration and reduce the impacts of global warming and climate change. Written by researchers from different fields, chapters cover such topics as the management of agricultural systems with the implementation of agronomic practices that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase soil carbon stocks, the technology of adsorption on activated carbon from low-cost raw material, and the effective methods of carbon capture and storage, among others. This volume is a useful reference for the general public, undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers who aim to deepen their knowledge of those topics.

Download or read book Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the importance of soil processes in the global carbon cycle.Agricultural activities considered responsible for an increase in CO2 levels in our atmosphere include: deforestation, biomass burning, tillage and intensive cultivation, and drainage of wetlands.However, agriculture can also be a solution to the problem in which carbon can be removed from the atmosphere and permanently sequestered into the soil. Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil highlights the importance of world soils as a sink for atmospheric carbon and discusses the impact of tillage, conservation reserve programs (CRP), management of grasslands and woodlands, and other soil and crop management and land use practices that lead to carbon sequestration.

Download or read book Challenges and Opportunities for Carbon Sequestration in Grassland Systems written by Richard Theodore Conant and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2010 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Download or read book Global assessment of soil carbon in grasslands written by Dondini, M., Martin, M., De Camillis, C., Uwizeye, A., Soussana, J.-F., Robinson, T., Steinfeld, H. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils contribute to the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals through carbon sequestration. By enhancing soil health and fertility, soils can play a crucial role in climate action, land degradation neutrality, and alleviating hunger. The present study provides a spatially explicit report on the state of grassland soils and can be used as a baseline for future work to explore the impacts of livestock management on soil carbon at regional, country and farm levels. Assessing the current state of grassland systems and their potential to sequester carbon in the soil is of key importance to understand the trade-offs between grassland services on food security, biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation.

Download or read book The Potential of U S Grazing Lands to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect written by Ronald F. Follett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-09-15 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing lands represent the largest and most diverse land resource-taking up over half the earth's land surface. The large area grazing land occupies, its diversity of climates and soils, and the potential to improve its use and productivity all contribute to its importance for sequestering C and mitigating the greenhouse effect and other condition

Download or read book Grassland Carbon Sequestration written by M. T. Abberton and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2010 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book profiles 13 contributions by some of the world's most active scientists on the subject of measuring soil carbon in grassland systems and sustainable grassland management practices. While many different aspects of carbon sequestration in grasslands are covered, many gaps in our knowledge are also revealed, and it is hoped that this book will promote discussion, prompt further research, contribute to develop global and national grassland strategies and contribute to sustainable production intensification.

Download or read book An Investigation of Biological Carbon Sequestration at the Pea Ridge National Military Park written by Dorine Reed Bower and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The direct correlation between increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 and global temperatures is now irrefutable. A 50% increase in atmospheric CO2 levels from a pre-industrial level of 270 ppm to a present-day level of 405 ppm, has resulted in documented record temperatures and a concomitant rising of sea levels from melting ice caps. The ability of biological/terrestrial ecological systems to store atmospheric carbon is a viable option in the effort to mitigate the climate impacts of rising anthropogenically-caused greenhouse gas emissions. Components of the vegetation and soils in the Pea Ridge National Military Park (the Park) were examined for carbon content to assess the carbon storage potential of preserved lands. I collected samples from four distinct study sites in the Park to make quantitative comparisons. These were a gymnosperm (red cedar, Juniperus virginiana) forest, an angiosperm (hardwood) forest, a managed grassland and a semi-native grassland. Mineral and organic soil layers were collected in all four sites along with above-ground biomass samples of coarse woody debris, tree cores, and herbaceous plants in the forests and grasses and associated broadleaf plants in the grassland sites. Samples were dried to constant weight, and 20- and 40-mg samples were analyzed using an Elementar vario El cube for analysis of total C by high temperature combustion. Soil samples averaged less than 12% carbon, but aboveground biomass ranged from 29% to 46% carbon. The managed grassland had the lowest carbon percentage of all four sites for soil and the lowest carbon percentage for grasses when compared to the semi-native grassland study site. It was only in the tree biomass that the red cedar site had a higher carbon percentage than the angiosperm tree biomass (43.49% for the angiosperm study site and 44.48% for the gymnosperm study site). Therefore, the succession of the species, red cedar, while having negative ecosystem impacts, may benefit carbon sequestration.

Download or read book Soil Carbon Sequestration by Grasslands to Mitigate Climate Change written by Radim Sarlej and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Contribution of Soil Aggregates to Carbon Sequestration in Restored Urban Grasslands written by Jennifer L. Yost and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As urban development continues to replace and transform native grasslands, restoration has become increasingly critical for maintaining soil organic matter. This study explores whether carbon storage in urban soils can be restored to pre-agricultural levels. Macro- and microaggregate size classes were studied in soils from fifteen prairies under five types of management around the Chicago area. Soil aggregate carbon content increased significantly between early and model restorations, and aggregate carbon levels in model restorations approached those in pristine prairie remnants. Lower quality intermediate sites, however, showed little evidence of macroaggregate carbon accumulation. Stable isotope [delta]13C signatures and lignin phenol analyses were also performed. My findings suggest that: (1) carbon accrual occurs with urban grassland restoration, (2) markers of restoration success and perception of high quality restoration are reflected in carbon accrual, and (3) management type rather than simply duration of management are important in promoting carbon accrual.

Download or read book Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Dynamics in Annual Grasslands written by Rebecca Ryals and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecosystem management practices that sequester carbon (C) may play an important role in mitigating climate change. Grasslands managed for livestock (e.g., rangelands) constitute the largest land-use area globally. Critical components of the long-term sustainability of rangelands are the maintenance of net primary production (NPP) and soil organic carbon (C) pools. However, overgrazing, plant invasions, and climate change have led to significant C losses from many rangeland ecosystems. Thus, management practices may have considerable potential to restore or increase grassland C storage and help mitigate climate change. Practices that promote C sequestration may have valuable co-benefits, including increased forage production and improved soil water holding capacity. Despite the potential for C sequestration through management interventions, the question remains largely unexplored in grassland ecosystems. I used a combination of laboratory experiments, field manipulations, and modeling simulations to examine the effects of rangeland management practices on C sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. The specific goals of this research were to 1) assess the immediate and carry-over effects of management practices on the net C balance and greenhouse gas emissions in grasslands amended with compost, 2) measure changes to soil C and N stocks following amendment, 3) investigate the long-term fate of compost C and net climate change mitigation potential, and 4) explore the extent of tradeoffs between C sequestration strategies and vegetation characteristics. In the first chapter, I conducted a three-year field manipulation replicated within and across valley and coastal grassland sites to determine the effects of a single application of composted organic matter amendment on net ecosystem C balance. Amendments increased C losses through soil respiration, and estimates of net C storage were sensitive to models of respiration partitioning of autotrophic and heterotrophic components. Over the three-year study, amendments increased C inputs by stimulating net primary production by 2.1 ± 0.8 at the coastal grassland and 4.7 ± 0.7 Mg C ha-1 at the valley grassland. Carbon gains through above- and belowground NPP significantly outweighed C losses, with the exception of a sandy textured soil at the coastal grasslands. Treatment effects persisted over the course of the study. Net ecosystem C storage increased by 25 to 70 % over three years, not including direct C inputs from the amendment. The purpose of chapter two was to further investigate changes to rangeland soil C and N stocks three years after a one-time application of composted organic material. Increases in bulk soil C, though often difficult to detect over short timeframes, were significant at the valley grassland study site. Physical fractionation of soil revealed greater amounts of C and N in the free and occluded light fractions by 3.31 ± 1.64 and 3.11 ± 1.08 Mg C/ha in the valley and coastal grassland, respectively. Analysis of the chemical composition of soil fractions by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) showed chemical protection and inclusion of compost C into the light fractions. The combination of physical and chemical analyses suggests that the newly incorporated C was physically protected and less available for decomposition. In the third chapter, I employed the ecosystem biogeochemical model, DAYCENT, to investigate the short (10 yr), medium (30 yr), and long-term (100 yr) climate change mitigation potential of compost amendments to grasslands. Climate change mitigation potential was estimated as the balance of total ecosystem C sequestration minus soil greenhouse gas emissions and indirect emissions of N2O via nitrate leaching. The model was parameterized using site-specific characteristics and validated with data from the three-year field manipulation. Model simulations included variations in the applications rate and C:N ratio of the composted material. Above- and belowground NPP and soil C pools increased under all amendment scenarios. The greatest increase of soil C occurred in the slow pool. Ecosystem C sequestration rates were highest under low C:N scenarios, but these scenarios also resulted in greater N2O fluxes. Single or short-term applications of compost resulted in positive climate change mitigation potential over 10 and 30-year time frames, despite slight offsets from increased greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, chapter four examined important tradeoffs between rangeland C sequestration activities and vegetation characteristics. I measured aboveground biomass, plant N content, vegetation communities, and the abundance of noxious weed species for four years following single management events of compost amendment, keyling plowing, and a combination of amendment and plowing. During the first year, plant N content and aboveground biomass was significantly higher in the amended plots and lower in the plowed plots. In the amended plots, forage quantity and quality increases were sustained over the four-year study. During spring grazing events, cows consumed more forage from amended plots without adversely increasing grazing impacts on residual biomass. Plant communities at both grasslands were relatively resistant to management events, however there were short-term declines in the abundance of a noxious annual grass at the valley grassland and increases in a noxious forb at the coastal grassland. Grassland management practices, such as the application of composted organic matter, have considerable potential to mitigate climate change while improving plant production, soil fertility, and diverting organic wastes from landfills. This research illustrates the potential for grassland management to sequester while explicitly considering impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, plant production, and vegetation communities over multiple time frames. Overall, my dissertation contributes toward a better understanding of the role of ecosystem management interventions in climate change mitigation.

Download or read book Weathering Controls on Mechanisms of Carbon Storage in Grassland Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On a sequence of soils developed under similar vegetation, temperature, and precipitation conditions, but with variations in mineralogical properties, we use organic carbon and 14C inventories to examine mineral protection of soil organic carbon. In these soils, 14C data indicate that the creation of slow-cycling carbon can be modeled as occurring through reaction of organic ligands with Al3+ and Fe3+ cations in the upper horizons, followed by sorption to amorphous inorganic Al compounds at depth. Only one of these processes, the chelation of Al3+ and Fe3+ by organic ligands, is linked to large carbon stocks. Organic ligands stabilized by this process traverse the soil column as dissolved organic carbon (both from surface horizons and root exudates). At our moist grassland site, this chelation and transport process is very strongly correlated with the storage and long-term stabilization of soil organic carbon. Our 14C results show that the mechanisms of organic carbon transport and storage at this site follow a classic model previously believed to only be significant in a single soil order (Spodosols), and closely related to the presence of forests. The presence of this process in the grassland Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol soils of this chronosequence suggests that this process is a more significant control on organic carbon storage than previously thought.

Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Soils written by Norman J. Rosenberg and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere as the result of fossil fuel emissions and land use change (especially tropical deforestation) threatens to cause global warming and climatic change. One means of reducing the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is through its capture by photosynthesis and storage (sequestration) in soil. The quantities of carbon that can be sequestered during the next century are enough to offset two or three decades' worth of carbon emissions at the current rate. The book deals with four issues that must be addressed before soil carbon sequestration programs can be implemented on a large scale: new science, monitoring and verification, the soil carbon sequestration/desertification linkage, and policy and implementation issues. Contents include - Science Needs and New Technology for Soil Carbon Sequestration - Monitoring and Verifying Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration - Desertification Control to Sequester C and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect - Soil Carbon: Policy and Economics - Science Needs and New Technologies - Monitoring and Verifying - Desertification

Download or read book Managing grasslands to optimize soil carbon sequestration written by Abad Chabbi and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, we will discuss the effect of different grassland management practices on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. This includes comparison of grasslands with arable croplands, the role of N fertilization, and grazing strategies. Special emphasis will be given to grasslands in rotation with cropping systems and integration with timber systems to improve sustainable management and SOC sequestration.

Download or read book Storing Carbon in Agricultural Soils written by Norman J. Rosenberg and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stability of Soil Organic Carbon Pools Across Rangeland Agricultural Management Regimes written by James Francis Chang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rangelands have been recognized as potentially important regional and global C sinks because they span large areas across the world's land surface. Previous research and meta-analysis are unclear as to whether certain range land-use changes, such as woodland conversion to open grasslands or intensively managed irrigated pastures, facilitate or abate soil organic C (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to elucidate SOC dynamics across three rangeland management regimes: woodland, grassland, and irrigated pasture. Our approach integrated methods to account for physical, biochemical, and mineral protection of SOC. Physical fractionate of whole soil into aggregate size classes showed that irrigated pastures contain the most water stable aggregates and exhibited an aggregate hierarchy effect in the AB horizon, where large macroaggregates (>2000 [micrometer]) contained 1.7 fold more SOC (g C kg−1 size class) than free microaggregates (250-53 [micrometer]) and 1.4 fold more SOC than SMA (2000-250 [micrometer]). Hot water extractions showed that irrigated pastures contained less readily degradable SOC than grasslands and woodlands regimes especially in silt plus clay inter-microaggregates. Irrigated pastures contained the highest concentration of biochemically and physically protected SOC associated with silt plus clay intra-microaggregates, short-range-order oxalate extractable Fe, and high bulk density (g cm−3). The results from this study suggest that intensively managed irrigated pastures have a greater potential for carbon sequestration than the extensively managed woodlands and grasslands.