Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Knorr Cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean on WOCE Sections AR24 November 2 December 5 1996 and A24 A20 and A22 May 30 September 3 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Knorr Cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean on WOCE Sections AR24 November 2 December 5 1996 and A24 A20 and A22 May 30 September 3 1997 written by Kenneth M. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Knorr Repeat Hydrography Cruise in the Atlantic Ocean written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents methods, and analytical and quality control procedures for salinity, oxygen, nutrient, inorganic carbon, organic carbon, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), and bomb carbon-14 system parameters performed during the A20_2003 and A22_2003 cruises, which took place between September 22 and November 13, 2003, aboard research vessel (R/V) Knorr under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Science Foundation (NSF). The R/V Knorr departed Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on September 22 for the Repeat Section A20, and ended this line in Port of Spain, Trinidad, on October 20. The Repeat Section A22 started on October 23 in Port of Spain, Trinidad, and finished on November 13, 2003, in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. The research conducted was one of a series of repeat hydrography sections jointly funded by NOAA and NSF as part of the Climate Variability Program (CLIVAR)/CO2/repeat hydrography/tracer program. Samples were taken from 36 depths at 88 stations on section A20 and 82 stations on section A22. The data presented in this report include the analyses of water samples for total inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TALK), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CFC, carbon-14, hydrographic, and other chemical measurements.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Knorr Repeat Hydrography Cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean written by Richard A. Feely and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Knorr Cruises 138 3 4 and 5 in the South Pacific Ocean written by Kenneth M. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 18 1 in the North Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A1E September 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Atlantic Ocean is characterized by an intense meridional circulation cell carrying near-surface waters of tropical and subtropical origin northward and deep waters of arctic and subarctic origin southward. The related[open-quotes]overturning[close-quotes] is driven by the sinking of water masses at high latitudes. The overturning rate and thus the intensity of the meridional transports of mass, heat, and salt, is an important control parameter for the modeling of the ocean's role in climate. The Research Vessel (R/V) Meteor Cruise 18/1 was one in a series of cruises in the North Atlantic that started in March 1991 and continued until 1995. This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO[sub 2]) and total alkalinity (TALK) at hydrographic stations, as well as underway partial pressure of CO[sub 2] (pCO[sub 2]) measured during the RIV Meteor Cruise 18/1 in the North Atlantic Ocean (Section A1E). Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the German North Atlantic Overturning Rate Determination expedition, the cruise began in Reykjavik, Iceland, on September 2, 1991, and ended after 24 days at sea in Hamburg, Germany, on September 25, 1991. WOCE Zonal Section AlE began at 60[degrees]N and 42[degrees]30[prime] W (southeast of Greenland) and continued southeast with a closely spaced series of hydrocasts to 52[degrees]20[prime] N and 14[degrees]15[prime] W (Porcupine Shelves). Measurements made along WOCE Section AlE included pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen measured by a conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) sensor; bottle salinity; oxygen; phosphate; nitrate; nitrite; silicate; TCO[sub 2]; TALK; and underway pCO[sub 2]. A total of 61 CTD casts were made, including 59 bottle casts and 2 calibration stations.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 11 5 in the South Atlantic and Northern Weddell Sea Areas WOCE Sections A 12 and A 21 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents the procedures and methods used to obtain carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrographic, and chemical data during R/V Meteor Expedition 11/5 in the South Atlantic Ocean, including the Drake Passage; the Northern Weddell Sea; and the Eastern South Atlantic Ocean. This cruise was conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). The cruise started from Ushuaia, Argentina, on January 23, 1990, and ended at Capetown, South Africa on March 8, 1990. Samples were collected at 78 stations that covered the Drake Passage; the Northern Weddell Sea; a section along the 58 W parallel; and two segmented S-N sections between the Northern Weddell Sea and Capetown, South Africa. Measurements taken at WOCE sections A-12 and A-21 included pressure, temperature, salinity measured by the Conductivity, Temperature and Depth sensor (CTD); bottle salinity; oxygen; phosphate; nitrate; nitrate; silicate; total carbon concentration (TCO2); and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) measured at 20 C. In addition, potential density at 0 decibar (dbar) and potential temperature were calculated from the measured variables. The TCO2 concentration in seawater samples was measured using a coulometer with an estimated precision of approximately ± [mu]mol/kg.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Hesperides Cruise in the Atlantic Ocean written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO[sub 2]), total alkalinity (TALK), and pH at hydrographic stations during the R/V Hesperides oceanographic cruise in the Atlantic Ocean (Section A5). Conducted as part of the Work Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the cruise began in Cadiz, Spain, on July 14, 1992, and ended in Miami, Florida, on August 15, 1992. Measurements made along WOCE Section A5 included CTD pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen; and bottle salinity, oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, TCO[sub 2], TALK, and pH. The TALK, TCO[sub 2], and pH were determined from titrations of seawater collected at 33 stations. The titration systems for measuring TALK and TCO[sub 2] were calibrated in the laboratory with certified reference materials (CRMs) before the cruise to ensure traceable results. Standard reference seawater provided by Andrew Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) was used at sea to monitor the performance of the titration systems. The results agree with the laboratory results to[+-] 2[micro]mol/kg for TALK and[+-] 1[micro]mol/kg for TCO[sub 2]. The titration systems used to measure pH were calibrated with TRIS seawater buffers prepared in the laboratory and measured with an H[sub 2], Pt/AgCl, Ag electrode. The initial electromotive force (emf) of the titrations was used to determine the pH. The values of pH are thought to be reliable to[+-] 0.01 and are internally consistent with the measured values of TALK and TCO[sub 2] to[+-] 7[micro]mol/kg. The measured carbon dioxide system parameters have been used to calculate the in situ values of the fugacity of CO[sub 2] (fCO[sub 2]) for the surface water. The surface results are briefly discussed.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Maurice Ewing Cruise in the Atlantic Ocean written by Aida F. Ríos and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide ..., total alkalinity ..., and pH at hydrographic stations during the R/V Maurice Ewing cruise in the South Atlantic Ocean on the A17 WOCE section. Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), this cruise was also a part of the French WOCE program ... Instructions for accessing the data are provided."--Page xi.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 18 1 in the North Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A1E September 1991 written by Alexander Kozyr and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the Nine R V Korr Cruises Comprising the Indian Ocean CO sub 2 sub urvey WOCE Sections I8SI9S I9N I8NI5E I3 I5WI4 I7N I1 I10 and I2 December 1 1994 January 19 1996 written by A. V. Kozyr and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO{sub 2}) and total alkalinity (TALK) at hydrographic stations taken during the R/V Knorr Indian Ocean cruises (Sections I8SI9S, I9N, I8NI5E, I3, I5WI4, I7N, I1, I10, and I2) in 1994-1996. The measurements were conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). The expedition began in Fremantle, Australia, on December 1, 1994, and ended in Mombasa, Kenya, on January 22, 1996. During the nine cruises, 12 WOCE sections were occupied. Total carbon dioxide was extracted from water samples and measured using single-operator multiparameter metabolic analyzers (SOMMAs) coupled to coulometers. The overall precision and accuracy of the analyses was {+-} 1.20 {micro}mol/kg. The second carbonate system parameter, TALK, was determined by potentiometric titration. The precision of the measurements determined from 962 analyses of certified reference material was {+-} 4.2 {micro}mol/kg (REFERENCE). This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. The R/V Knorr Indian Ocean data set is available as a numeric data package (NDP) from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). The NDP consists of 18 oceanographic data files, two FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routine files, a readme file, and this printed documentation, which describes the contents and format of all files as well as the procedures and methods used to obtain the data. Instructions for accessing the data are provided.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 15 3 in the South Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A9 February March 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO[sub 2]) concentrations (as well as in other radiatively active trace gases) because of human activity has produced serious concern regarding the heat balance of the global atmosphere (Moore and Braswell 1994). The increasing concentrations of these gases may intensify the earth's natural greenhouse effect, and force the global climate system in ways that are not well understood. The oceans play a major role in global carbon cycle processes. Carbon in the oceans is unevenly distributed because of complex circulation patterns and biogeochemical cycles, neither of which are completely understood. To better understand the ocean's role in climate and climatic changes, several large experiments have been conducted in the past, and others are currently under way. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) is a major component of the World Climate Research Program. Although total carbon dioxide (TC0[sub 2]) is not an official WOCE measurement, a coordinated effort, supported in the United States by the US Department of Energy (DOE), is being made on WOCE cruises (through 1998) to measure the global, spatial, and temporal distributions of TC0[sub 2] and other carbon-related parameters. The CO[sub 2] survey goals include estimation of the meridional transport of inorganic carbon in a manner analogous to the oceanic heat transport (Bryden and Hall 1980; Brewer et al. 1989; Roemmich and Wunsch 1985), evaluation of the exchange of CO[sub 2] between the atmosphere and the ocean, and preparation of a database suitable for carbon-cycle modeling and the subsequent assessment of the anthropogenic C0[sub 2] increase in the oceans. The C0[sub 2] survey is taking advantage of the sampling opportunities provided by the WOCE cruises during this period. The final data set is expected to cover[approx-gt]23,000 stations.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 11 5 in the South Atlantic and Northern Weddell Sea Area WOCE Sections A 12 and A 21 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 22 5 in the South Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A10 December 1992 January 1993 written by Kenneth M. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Hesp rides Cruise 15 3 in the Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A5 July 14 August 15 1992 written by Frank J. Millero and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 15 3 in the South Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A9 February March 1991 written by Alexander Kosyr and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 28 1 in the South Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A8 March 29 May 12 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO[sub 2]) and the fugacity of CO[sub 2] (fCO[sub 2]) at hydrographic stations during the R/V Meteor oceanographic cruise 28/1 in the South Atlantic Ocean (Section A8). Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the cruise began in Recife, Brazil, on March 29, 1994, and ended after 35 days at sea in Walvis Bay, Namibia, on May 12, 1994. Instructions for accessing the data are provided. TCO[sub 2] was measured using two single-operator multiparameter metabolic analyzers (SOMMA) coupled to a coulometer for extracting and detecting CO[sub 2] from seawater samples. The overall precision and accuracy of the analyses was[+-]1.17[micro]mol/kg. For the second carbonate system parameter, the fCO[sub 2] was measured in discrete samples by equilibrating a known volume of liquid phase (seawater) with a known volume of a gas phase containing a known mixture of CO[sub 2] in gaseous nitrogen (N[sub 2]). After equilibration, the gas phase CO[sub 2] concentration was determined by flame ionization detection following the catalytic conversion of CO[sub 2] to methane (CH[sub 4]). The precision of these measurements was less than or equal to 1.0%. The R/V Meteor Cruise 28/1 data set is available free of charge as a numeric data package (NDP) from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. The NDP consists of two oceanographic data files, two FORTRAN 90 data retrieval routine files, a readme file, and this printed documentation that describes the contents and format of all files as well as the procedures and methods used to obtain the data.