Download or read book Carbon Cycling Along the James River Continuum written by Timothy B. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluvial systems act as conduits for terrestrial carbon transport to coastal oceans. However, riverine systems not only transport allochthonous carbon, they transform and store carbon in many different ways. The different mechanisms of transformation and storage need to be considered for fluvial systems in order to accurately account for modifications to the carbon pool when developing carbon budgets. Of interest was to investigate the carbon dynamics in the James River, in Virginia, from headwaters to the tidal fresh estuary to gain a better understanding of carbon dynamics along the continuum. Sites along the river continuum were sampled for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and used in bioassays to determine degradation dynamics along the continuum, radiocarbon analysis was used to determine the age of the DOC and POC pool available to bacteria, impoundment effect on carbon dynamics was investigated in the Appomattox River, a tributary to the James, and landcover data was used to investigate the effects of land change on aquatic carbon dynamics. Bacterial total consumption and rates were found to be highest in the headwater streams, where carbon sources have yet to undergo degradation, downstream sites consumption remained steady up to the tidal fresh estuary where degradation was minimal. Radiocarbon analyses showed older POC (5460 years old) at a site in the middle of the continuum where anthropogenic effects may have been the cause. Samples from the impoundment of the Appomattox River to form the Lake Chesdin Reservoir provided different results from the mainstem James, as DOC concentrations fluctuated throughout the continuum and the impoundment allowed for increased storage of allochthonous carbon and production of autochthonous carbon, altering the flux of carbon and nutrients downstream. As the majority of the James River watershed is forested, the increase in anthropogenic modifications downstream showed an opposite trend with the decrease in bacterial consumption further downstream, suggesting possible anthropogenic influence on bioavailability of DOC to bacteria. Rivers were once thought of as only transporting carbon downstream, however what enters rivers in the headwaters is not always the same that concludes its journey in the ocean. Thus, the many mechanisms of transformation and storage need to be assessed when accurately constructing carbon budgets. In an Appendix, I detail modifications to the Respiratory Carbon Recovery System (ReCreS) which helped streamline sample incubation and collection. A new incubation chamber was devised with a port for a pH probe and a flat bottom for the introduction of a magnetic stir bar to reach equilibrium faster. Additionally, a new kettle lid design contained a port for a pressure gauge to prevent over pressurization during sparging. An added inline Nafion Dryer removed moisture from the gas stream before entering the vacuum line. Finally, the line was connected directly to a vacuum pump to streamline the sample collection process, removing the need to take the trapped CO2 elsewhere for processing and providing immediate recovery results.
Download or read book Congo Basin Hydrology Climate and Biogeochemistry written by Raphael M. Tshimanga and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New scientific discoveries in the Congo Basin as a result of international collaborations The Congo is the world's second largest river basin and home to 120 million people. Understanding the cycling of water, sediments, and nutrients is important as the region faces climatic and anthropogenic change. Congo Basin Hydrology, Climate, and Biogeochemistry: A Foundation for the Future explores variations in and influences on rainfall, hydrology and hydraulics, and sediment and carbon dynamics. It features contributions from experts in the region and their international collaborators. Volume highlights include: New in-situ and remotely sensed measurements and model results Use of historic data to assess precipitation and hydrologic changes Exploration of water exchange between wetlands and rivers Biogeochemical processes in the Congo's forests and wetlands A scientific foundation for hydrologic resource management in the region Studies from different parts of the Congo river and its adjoining basins This book is available in English and French. The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book in this short video and this article.
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Dennis A. Hansell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of molecules found throughout the world's oceans. It plays a key role in the export, distribution, and sequestration of carbon in the oceanic water column, posited to be a source of atmospheric climate regulation. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, focuses on the chemical constituents of DOM and its biogeochemical, biological, and ecological significance in the global ocean, and provides a single, unique source for the references, information, and informed judgments of the community of marine biogeochemists. Presented by some of the world's leading scientists, this revised edition reports on the major advances in this area and includes new chapters covering the role of DOM in ancient ocean carbon cycles, the long term stability of marine DOM, the biophysical dynamics of DOM, fluvial DOM qualities and fate, and the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, is an extremely useful resource that helps people interested in the largest pool of active carbon on the planet (DOC) get a firm grounding on the general paradigms and many of the relevant references on this topic. Features up-to-date knowledge of DOM, including five new chapters The only published work to synthesize recent research on dissolved organic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea Includes chapters that address inputs from freshwater terrestrial DOM
Download or read book Phosphorus Along the Soil Freshwater Ocean Continuum written by Barbara J. Cade-Menun and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all organisms. However, there is a P paradox, whereby P concentrations considered deficient in some environments such as in agricultural soils are considered excessive in water, where they trigger eutrophication. Ensuring adequate P for crop production while minimizing water quality degradation requires consideration of the P continuum from soils to freshwater and oceans. It also requires an international, interdisciplinary approach to monitoring and scientific research. This eBook brings together P studies in soil science, lakes, rivers, estuaries and oceans, with 74 authors from 12 countries in Asia, Europe and North America. The papers assembled here provide important new information to address knowledge gaps, cover P forms and cycling in soil and water, and identify key priorities for future research. Thus, the papers assembled here provide current and interdisciplinary information about P forms and their cycling along the soil-freshwater-ocean continuum, which is essential for environmentally sustainable P use.
Download or read book Effects of Extreme Weather Events on Coastal Carbon and Nutrient Cycling written by Christopher Osburn and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Global Carbon Cycle written by Martin Heimann and published by Springer. This book was released on 1993 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of workshop on interannual variations in the carbon cycle / T. Volk and R. Keeling -- Summary of workshop on dissolved organic carbon in the ocean / J. R. Toggweiler and J. Orr -- Summary of workshop on the relative roles of physics and chemistry in the marine carbon cycle / G. Evans and J. Parslow -- Summary of workshop on terrestrial carbon cycling / I. C. Prentice and W. Emanuel -- Summary of workshop on measurement and modelling of the terrestrial net carbon flux / P. G. Jarvis and R. F. Houghton.
Download or read book Patterns and Drivers of Carbon Cycling in Streams and Rivers written by Erin R. Hotchkiss and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater ecosystems connect terrestrial, atmospheric, and ocean carbon (C) cycles. In addition to having high rates of internal (autochthonous) C fixation via photosynthesis, freshwater ecosystems also actively process and transport upstream and terrestrial C inputs. Ignoring the role of freshwater biological processes in larger C budgets may falsely identify different land regions as sinks or sources of CO2 because freshwater ecosystems (excluded from these budgets but embedded in the terrestrial ecosystems) store, transform, and release substantial amounts of terrestrial and autochthonous C. To include C cycling by freshwater ecosystems in regional and global C budgets, scientists must understand how biological processes, linked with the biological availability of different C sources, control C uptake and availability in freshwater ecosystems. I used a combination of whole-ecosystem and biological assay measurements, linked with ecosystem process modeling, to better understand the role of ecosystem metabolism and autochthonous C in driving whole-ecosystem patterns of C cycling. Questions of interest included: How much higher is daytime respiration than nighttime in streams? To what extent does the availability of autochthonous C prime additional microbial consumption of terrestrial and river dissolved organic C? How do fixation rates of autochthonous C compare with traditional measurements of ecosystem metabolism? What is the fate of autochthonous C in streams? I found evidence for high daytime respiration in streams, priming of terrestrial and river C by river microbes, and rapid cycling of autochthonous C in an open-canopy stream. The ultimate fate of autochthonous and terrestrial C is unknown for most ecosystems, but the relative contribution of autochthonous and terrestrial C is of interest to ecosystem C cycling and food web studies as well as larger C budgets. To inform C budgets, we must first understand patterns and drivers of C cycling in freshwater ecosystems. While linking terrestrial subsidies with freshwater ecosystem dynamics has greatly advanced our knowledge of stream, lake, and river food webs and C cycling, the inclusion of autochthonous C is needed to fully quantify drivers of freshwater C cycling and the role of freshwater ecosystems in larger C budgets.
Download or read book The Carbon Cycle written by Leonard Ridzon and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Changing Carbon Cycle written by John R. Trabalka and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands written by Andrew J. Baird and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2009-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 184. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands examines the role that northern peatlands play in regulating the atmospheric carbon budget. It summarizes current research in four interconnected areas: large-scale peatland dynamics and carbon cycling; plant and microbial dynamics and their effect on carbon fluxes to the atmosphere; methane accumulation in, and loss from, peatlands; and water and dissolved carbon fluxes through peatlands. The volume highlights include A thorough assessment of the challenges involved in incorporating carbon cycling in northern peatlands into global climate models; A conceptual model to examine the partitioning of terminal carbon mineralization into production of CO2 and CH4; A comprehensive review of the evidence for the accumulation of methane in deep and shallow peat; and A description of the hydrologic changes induced by peat harvesting and associated challenges in restoring altered peatlands to their natural hydrologic regime. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands will be of interest to research scientists and graduate and undergraduate students, particularly those who wish to know more about the role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle and their role as modifiers of climate.
Download or read book Deep Carbon written by Beth N. Orcutt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to carbon inside Earth - its quantities, movements, forms, origins, changes over time and impact on planetary processes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management written by Ken W. Krauss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Download or read book Emerging Frontiers in Ecological Stoichiometry written by Michelle Evans-White and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sea Duct written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sea Duct Ocean-Bottom Laboratory is a computer controlled recirculating inverted flume for the in-situ study of sediment transport. It is designed to measure the sea floor response to controlled currents analogous to those generated by surface waves, tidal, or deep ocean storms. The external support frame is an equilateral triangle with sixteen foot sides. It is 12 feet high, has an air weight of 12,500 lbs., and a 2800 lb. submerged weight. Three lead acid battery packs located at the vertex of the triangle legs provide power for the recirculating water pumps, hydraulic power, and ancillary equipment. The inner rotatable structure consists of a 4 foot long by 2 foot wide open bottom windowed test section that is 9 inches high. It is connected to 30 feet of 8 inch tube configured as an elongated toroid. Above the test section is a traverse carriage with stereo camera, flash, and a laser Doppler velocimeter to measure fluid stresses. Internal flow velocities are controlled and can be ramped up to approximately 2 ft/sec providing shear stress sufficient to scour sand, silts, and fine clays. Water and sediment sampling devices obtain specimens from inside and outside the test section.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Below ground Carbon Cycling in Subarctic Ecosystems written by Maria Olsrud and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some components fo the below-ground carbon (C) cycle in terrestrial ecosystems are still poorly understood. A better understanding will be necessary to predict adequately the impacts of global change factors on C cycling and storage, especially in high-latitude ecosystems, where much of the C is stored below-ground. In this work some of the mechanisms of the below-ground C cycle in subarctic ecosystems were studied and responses to present and potential future environmental conditions assessed.
Download or read book Carbon Cycling in the York River Estuary written by Peter A. Raymond and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abstracts of Papers Submitted in for Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
