Download or read book Caprolactam Production from Butadiene Cost Analysis Caprolactam E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Caprolactam production from butadiene and hydrogen cyanide. In the process, the product from the reaction of hydrogen cyanide with butadiene is isomerized and hydrogenated to produce a mixture of HMDA and adiponitrile. The latter reacts with water to form Caprolactam. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: BD, DuPont, BASF, Adiponitrile, ADN, 3PN, 4PN

Download or read book Caprolactam Production from Butadiene Cost Analysis Caprolactam E31A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Caprolactam production from butadiene, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and ammonia. In the process, the product from the reaction of carbon monoxide with butadiene is first hydrocarbonylated. The following steps are amination and cyclization reactions, producing Caprolactam. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: BD, DuPont, DSM, BASF, Carbonylation, Esterification, Hydroformylation, Reductive Amination, Cyclization

Download or read book Plastic Waste and Recycling written by Trevor Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. - Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement - Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation - Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches

Download or read book Handbook of Biomaterial Properties written by William Murphy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-11 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides tabular and text data relating to normal and diseased tissue materials and materials used in medical devices. Comprehensive and practical for students, researchers, engineers, and practicing physicians who use implants, this book considers the materials aspects of both implantable materials and natural tissues and fluids. Examples of materials and topics covered include titanium, elastomers, degradable biomaterials, composites, scaffold materials for tissue engineering, dental implants, sterilization effects on material properties, metallic alloys, and much more. Each chapter author considers the intrinsic and interactive properties of biomaterials, as well as their appropriate applications and historical contexts. Now in an updated second edition, this book also contains two new chapters on the cornea and on vocal folds, as well as updated insights, data, and citations for several chapters.

Download or read book Algae Based Polymers Blends and Composites written by Khalid Mahmood Zia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Chemistry, Biotechnology and Material Sciences offers considerable detail on the origin of algae, extraction of useful metabolites and major compounds from algal bio-mass, and the production and future prospects of sustainable polymers derived from algae, blends of algae, and algae based composites. Characterization methods and processing techniques for algae-based polymers and composites are discussed in detail, enabling researchers to apply the latest techniques to their own work. The conversion of bio-mass into high value chemicals, energy, and materials has ample financial and ecological importance, particularly in the era of declining petroleum reserves and global warming. Algae are an important source of biomass since they flourish rapidly and can be cultivated almost everywhere. At present the majority of naturally produced algal biomass is an unused resource and normally is left to decompose. Similarly, the use of this enormous underexploited biomass is mainly limited to food consumption and as bio-fertilizer. However, there is an opportunity here for materials scientists to explore its potential as a feedstock for the production of sustainable materials. - Provides detailed information on the extraction of useful compounds from algal biomass - Highlights the development of a range of polymers, blends, and composites - Includes coverage of characterization and processing techniques, enabling research scientists and engineers to apply the information to their own research and development - Discusses potential applications and future prospects of algae-based biopolymers, giving the latest insight into the future of these sustainable materials

Download or read book Graphite Nanoreinforcements in Polymer Nanocomposites written by Hiroyuki Fukushima and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Green Chemistry written by Paul T. Anastas and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of environmental protection has dealt with hazardous substances by cleaning them up or treating them after the substances have formed. Green Chemistry, however, designs products and processes so that no hazardous materials are used or made in the first place. With applications fromplastic to paints, from automobiles to pharmaceuticals, Green Chemistry is revolutionising science and industry and its impact on the environment.

Download or read book Caprolactam Production from Benzene Cost Analysis Caprolactam E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Caprolactam production from benzene The process examined involves the following steps: benzene is hydrogenated to cyclohexane; cyclohexane is oxidized to a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone; cyclohexanol is dehydrogenated to cyclohexanone; cyclohexanone undergoes an oximation reaction with hydroxilamine; and the oxime produced is rearranged to Caprolactam. Ammonium sulfate is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Caprolactam", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) "Cyclohexane", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Cyclohexanone, Cyclohexanol, Lactam Synthesis, Lactam Purification, Ammonium Sulfate Crystallization

Download or read book Clay Polymer Nanocomposites written by Khouloud Jlassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. - The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications - Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction - Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more

Download or read book Fundamental Bioengineering written by John Villadsen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-07 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough introduction to the basics of bioengineering, with a focus on applications in the emerging "white" biotechnology industry. As such, this latest volume in the "Advanced Biotechnology" series covers the principles for the design and analysis of industrial bioprocesses as well as the design of bioremediation systems, and several biomedical applications. No fewer than seven chapters introduce stoichiometry, kinetics, thermodynamics and the design of ideal and real bioreactors, illustrated by more than 50 practical examples. Further chapters deal with the tools that enable an understanding of the behavior of cell cultures and enzymatically catalyzed reactions, while others discuss the analysis of cultures at the level of the cell, as well as structural frameworks for the successful scale-up of bioreactions. In addition, a short survey of downstream processing options and the control of bioreactions is given. With contributions from leading experts in industry and academia, this is a comprehensive source of information peer-reviewed by experts in the field.

Download or read book Synthetic Fuels from Coal written by United States. Interagency Task Force on Synthetic Fuels from Coal and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a data base for Project Independence Blueprint in the area of synthetic fuels from coal. This area involves both industrial practice and a relatively large amount of advanced coal conversion technology, much of which is on an advanced pilot plant level. It must be emphasized that the report simply identifies representative resources (financial, raw materials, manpower) needed in case a decision is made to achieve given synthetic fuel production rates. The report does not suggest or imply that the resources identified herein, either financial in terms of capital or raw resources in terms of the needed coal mine capacities, are currently available. By simply identifying the critical resources, this report provides a needed data base for decision in the area of synthetic fuels.

Download or read book Handbook of Textile Fibre Structure written by Stephen Eichhorn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their complexity and diversity, understanding the structure of textile fibres is of key importance. This authoritative two-volume collection provides a comprehensive review of the structure of an extensive range of textile fibres.Volume 2 begins by reviewing natural fibres such as cellulosic, cotton, protein, wool and silk fibres. Part two considers regenerated cellulosic, protein, alginate, chitin and chitosan fibres. The final part of the book discusses inorganic fibres such as glass, carbon and ceramic fibres as well as specialist fibres such as thermally and chemically-resistant fibres, optical and hollow fibres. Chapters review how fibre structure contributes to key mechanical properties. A companion volume reviews the structure of manufactured polymer fibres.Edited by leading authorities on the subject and with a team of international authors, the two volumes of the Handbook of textile fibre structure is an essential reference for textile technologists, fibre scientists, textile engineers and those in academia. - Discusses how fibre structure contributes to key mechanical properties - Reviews natural fibres such as cellulosic, cotton and silk fibres and considers various regenerated fibres - Examines inorganic fibres including glass and carbon as well as specialist fibres such as chemically-resistant and optical fibres

Download or read book Toxicity of Power Plant Chemicals to Aquatic Life written by Pacific Northwest Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Textile Fibres written by J Gordon Cook and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of the natural fibres animal, vegetable and mineral on which we depended for our textiles until comparatively recently.

Download or read book Fibre Structure written by J. W. S. Hearle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fibre Structure is a 19-chapter text that emerged from lectures presented at the Manchester College of Science and Technology. The interest of fiber studies lies to some extent in the important part textile materials play in general living and in industrial products and operations. The first chapters deal with the chemistry of fiber-forming polymers, followed by considerable chapters on the controversial subject of the fine structure of fibers. The remaining chapters describe the special features of all the important fibers, including glass and asbestos. Textile scientists, researchers, and manufacturers will find this book invaluable.

Download or read book Liquid Column Chromatography written by K. Macek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 1199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Column Chromatography

Download or read book Reaction Engineering Principles written by Himadri Roy Ghatak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical reaction engineering is at the core of chemical engineering education. Unfortunately, the subject can be intimidating to students, because it requires a heavy dose of mathematics. These mathematics, unless suitably explained in the context of the physical phenomenon, can confuse rather than enlighten students. Bearing this in mind, Reaction Engineering Principles is written primarily from a student’s perspective. It is the culmination of the author’s more than twenty years of experience teaching chemical reaction engineering. The textbook begins by covering the basic building blocks of the subject—stoichiometry, kinetics, and thermodynamics—ensuring students gain a good grasp of the essential concepts before venturing into the world of reactors. The design and performance evaluation of reactors are conveniently grouped into chapters based on an increasing degree of difficulty. Accordingly, isothermal reactors—batch and ideal flow types—are addressed first, followed by non-isothermal reactor operation, non-ideal flow in reactors, and some special reactor types. For better comprehension, detailed derivations are provided for all important mathematical equations. Narrative of the physical context in which the formulae work adds to the clarity of thought. The use of mathematical formulae is elaborated upon in the form of problem solving steps followed by worked examples. Effects of parameters, changing trends, and comparisons between different situations are presented graphically. Self-practice exercises are included at the end of each chapter.