Download or read book Capillary Flows with Forming Interfaces written by Yulii D. Shikhmurzaev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capillary Flows with Forming Interfaces explores numerous theoretical problems that arise in the mathematical description of capillary flows. It focuses on developing a unified approach to a variety of seemingly very different capillary flows of practical importance where classical fluid mechanics leads to nonphysical results. The book begin

Download or read book Flow Forming of Capillary Interfaces written by Vanessa Ruth Kern and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drop depositions are impacts where post impact the drop remains on the surface and its liquid/gas (LG) interface does not break apart. Our focus is on drop depositions in the capillary-ballistic regime. During drop impact, the falling drop's pre-impact energy transforms into fast-time scale motion of the three-phase contact-line (CL). The CL then comes to rest and the LG interface oscillates, viscously dissipating remaining energy on a slow-time scale. The energetics of drop deposition are characterized by high Reynolds number and moderate Weber number. Experiments are performed by impacting water/glycol drops onto substrates with varying wettability and hysteresis. The impacting event can be decomposed into three regimes: i) pre-impact, ii) inertial spreading, and iii) post CL pinning, which are conveniently framed using the theory of Dussan and Davis (1986). First we focus on the inertial spreading regime. Here we use high-speed imaging to resolve the stick-slip dynamics of the CL. The only form of dissipation during this fast-time scale is CL dissipation. Loss of energy occurs during a slip leg, and this observation is used to derive a closed-form expression for the 'post-pinning' energy. This prediction is independent of viscosity, only depending on the rest angle, equilibrium angle and hysteresis. This prediction agrees well with experimental observation for a range of liquid viscosities. We find this prediction of the post-pinning energy can be used to evaluate contact-line dissipation during inertial spreading. Next we focus on the drop's post-pinning dynamics. We show the LG interface vibrates with the frequencies and mode shapes predicted by Bostwick and Steen (2014), irrespective of the droplet's 'pre-impact' energy. Decay rates for the resonant modes are determined experimentally from FFTs of the interface dynamics. We find that the 'post-pinning' energy is independent of the 'pre-impact' energy and can be broken into modal components. Next we consider oblique drop impacts as an inverse problem framed analogously to mathematician Mark Kac's famous question 'Can one hear the shape of a drum?' (Kac, 1966). We find that knowledge of the drop's post-pinning LG frequency spectrum allows one to determine the rest angle and drop volume using theory for sessile drop oscillations (Bostwick and Steen, 2014). We also find that the substrate's inclination angle can be determined from the 'post-pinning' energy partitioning of the [1,1] and [2,0] vibrational modes. These results demonstrate that details of the impacting event can be known ex post facto without a priori knowledge of the experimental conditions. Last we discuss some future problems, including experiments to be performed on the International Space Station later this year. In microgravity capillary phenomenon occur with slower time scales and at larger length scales than their earth-based counterparts. Here we hope to expand our understanding of the fast moving CL by benefiting from this effective spatial/temporal magnification, alleviating earth based imaging restrictions.

Download or read book Capillary Flows in Heterogeneous and Random Porous Media written by Rachid Ababou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capillary phenomena occur in both natural and human-made systems, from equilibria in the presence of solids (grains, walls, metal wires) to multiphase flows in heterogeneous and fractured porous media. This book, composed of two volumes, develops fluid mechanics approaches for two immiscible fluids (water/air or water/oil) in the presence of solids (tubes, joints, grains, porous media). Their hydrodynamics are typically dominated by capillarity and viscous dissipation. This first volume presents the basic concepts and investigates two-phase equilibria, before analyzing two-phase hydrodynamics in discrete and/or statistical systems (tubular pores, planar joints). It then studies flows in heterogeneous and stratified porous media, such as soils and rocks, based on Darcy’s law. This analysis includes unsaturated flow (Richards equation) and two-phase flow (Muskat equations). Overall, the two volumes contain basic physical concepts, theoretical analyses, field investigations and statistical and numerical approaches to capillary-driven equilibria and flows in heterogeneous systems

Download or read book Singular Phenomena and Scaling in Mathematical Models written by Michael Griebel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book integrates theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and modeling approaches for the treatment of singular phenomena. The projects covered focus on actual applied problems, and develop qualitatively new and mathematically challenging methods for various problems from the natural sciences. Ranging from stochastic and geometric analysis over nonlinear analysis and modelling to numerical analysis and scientific computation, the book is divided into the three sections: A) Scaling limits of diffusion processes and singular spaces, B) Multiple scales in mathematical models of materials science and biology and C) Numerics for multiscale models and singular phenomena. Each section addresses the key aspects of multiple scales and model hierarchies, singularities and degeneracies, and scaling laws and self-similarity.

Download or read book Colloid and Interface Chemistry for Nanotechnology written by Peter Kralchevsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloid and interface science dealt with nanoscale objects for nearly a century before the term nanotechnology was coined. An interdisciplinary field, it bridges the macroscopic world and the small world of atoms and molecules. Colloid and Interface Chemistry for Nanotechnology is a collection of manuscripts reflecting the activities of research te

Download or read book Fluid and Thermodynamics written by Kolumban Hutter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-22 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third volume describes continuous bodies treated as classical (Boltzmann) and spin (Cosserat) continua or fluid mixtures of such bodies. It discusses systems such as Boltzmann continua (with trivial angular momentum) and Cosserat continua (with nontrivial spin balance) and formulates the balance law and deformation measures for these including multiphase complexities. Thermodynamics is treated in the spirit of Müller–Liu: it is applied to Boltzmann-type fluids in three dimensions that interact with neighboring fluids on two-dimensional contact surfaces and/or one-dimensional contact lines. For all these situations it formulates the balance laws for mass, momenta, energy, and entropy. Further, it introduces constitutive modeling for 3-, 2-, 3-d body parts for general processes and materially objective variable sets and their reduction to equilibrium and non-equilibrium forms. Typical (reduced) fluid spin continua are liquid crystals. Prominent nematic examples of these include the Ericksen–Leslie–Parodi (ELP) formulation, in which material particles are equipped with material unit vectors (directors). Nematic liquid crystals with tensorial order parameters of rank 1 to n model substructure behavior better, and for both classes of these, the book analyzes the thermodynamic conditions of consistency. Granular solid–fluid mixtures are generally modeled by complementing the Boltzmann laws with a balance of fluctuation (kinetic) energy of the particles. The book closes by presenting a full Reynolds averaging procedure that accounts for higher correlation terms e.g. a k-epsilon formulation in classical turbulence. However, because the volume fraction is an additional variable, the theory also incorporates ‘k-epsilon equations’ for the volume fraction.

Download or read book Computational Methods for Complex Liquid Fluid Interfaces written by Mohammad Taeibi Rahni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-11 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Methods for Complex Liquid-Fluid Interfaces highlights key computational challenges involved in the two-way coupling of complex liquid-fluid interfaces. The book covers a variety of cutting-edge experimental and computational techniques ranging from macro- to meso- and microscale approaches (including pivotal applications). As example

Download or read book Water and Thermal Management of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells written by Kui Jiao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-05 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water and Thermal Management of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells introduces the main research methods and latest advances in the water and thermal management of PEMFCs. The book introduces the transport mechanism of each component, including modeling methods at different scales, along with practical exercises. Topics include PEMFC fundamentals, working principles and transport mechanisms, characterization tests and diagnostic analysis, the simulation of multiphase transport and electrode kinetics, cell-scale modeling, stack-scale modeling, and system-scale modeling. This volume offers a practical handbook for researchers, students and engineers in the fields of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are high-efficiency and low-emission electrochemical energy conversion devices. Inside the PEMFC complex, physical and chemical processes take place, such as electrochemical reaction, multiphase flow and heat transfer. This book explores these topics, and more. - Introduces the transport mechanism for each component of PEMFCs - Presents modeling methods at different scales, including component, cell, stack and system scales - Provides exercises in PEMFC modeling, along with examples of necessary codes - Covers the latest advances in PEMFCs in a convenient and structured manner - Offers a solution to researchers, students and engineers working on proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Download or read book Handbook of Fluid Dynamics written by Richard W. Johnson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 1544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Fluid Dynamics offers balanced coverage of the three traditional areas of fluid dynamics—theoretical, computational, and experimental—complete with valuable appendices presenting the mathematics of fluid dynamics, tables of dimensionless numbers, and tables of the properties of gases and vapors. Each chapter introduces a different fluid dynamics topic, discusses the pertinent issues, outlines proven techniques for addressing those issues, and supplies useful references for further research. Covering all major aspects of classical and modern fluid dynamics, this fully updated Second Edition: Reflects the latest fluid dynamics research and engineering applications Includes new sections on emerging fields, most notably micro- and nanofluidics Surveys the range of numerical and computational methods used in fluid dynamics analysis and design Expands the scope of a number of contemporary topics by incorporating new experimental methods, more numerical approaches, and additional areas for the application of fluid dynamics Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, Second Edition provides an indispensable resource for professionals entering the field of fluid dynamics. The book also enables experts specialized in areas outside fluid dynamics to become familiar with the field.

Download or read book Pore Scale Phenomena Frontiers In Energy And Environment written by John M Poate and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of pore scale phenomena is now emerging as one of the frontiers of science and many engineering disciplines. Transport phenomena in the subsurface of the earth play key roles in the energy and environmental domains. For example, the shale gas and oil boom is revolutionizing the world's energy portfolio. Pore scale phenomena from the nanoscale to mesoscale dominate the extraction of these resources. Similarly in the environmental domain, pore storage and pore-scale physics affect the availability of water resources and protecting its quality. Water flow and vapor transport in the pores near the land surface is critical to understanding soil water evaporation in the context of local and global hydrologic cycles affecting climate and climate change.Pore scale phenomena similarly play critical roles in the domain of materials science and biology. For example, many energy devices and membrane technologies are controlled by the physical and chemical properties of the pores. Identifying and analyzing the properties of these pores has emerged as a frontier of characterization science.This book provides, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the fascinating interrelationship between engineering and science. The authors and contributors are recognized experts from the faculty of the Colorado School of Mines, Northwestern and Stanford. This book will appeal to earth and environmental scientists, materials scientists, physicists and chemists.

Download or read book Small Systems and Fundamentals of Thermodynamics written by Yu. K. Tovbin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small systems are a very active area of research and development due to improved instrumentation that allows for spatial resolution in the range of sizes from one to 100 nm. In this size range, many physical and chemical properties change, which opens up new approaches to the study of substances and their practical application. This affects both traditional fields of knowledge and many other new fields including physics, chemistry, biology, etc. This book highlights new developments in statistical thermodynamics that answer the most important questions about the specifics of small systems - when one cannot apply equations or traditional thermodynamic models.

Download or read book Falling Films in Desalination written by Henning Raach and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the simulation of evaporating saltwater falling films with and without turbulence wires. The methods presented within can be applied to a variety of applications including the food and pharmaceutical industry, as well as in nuclear technology. This topic is ideal for researchers in chemical engineering.

Download or read book Capillary Flow and Collapse in Wedge Shaped Channels written by Jörg Klatte and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-01-16 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The forced, isothermal, and incompressible capillary channel flow has been studied theoretically, experimentally, and numerically in this work using the example of an open wedge-shaped channel with a finite length. The curvature of the interface at the open side of the channel is coupled to the pressure difference between the surrounding gas pressure and liquid pressure along the flow path, and thus, a flow rate limit exists, above which the interface collapses. This work investigates this collapse phenomenon as a function of the channel geometry. The derivation of a one-dimensional differential flow equation is based on the streamline theory. The local pressure loss and both principal mean radii of curvature at the free surface are considered. To approximate the local pressure loss, the fully-developed flow profiles were compared to the three-dimensional numerical flow profiles. The physical understanding of the collapse behavior is generalized with the detection of a second characteristic collapse phenomena. In the inertial limit, the interface chokes at the smallest cross-section. In the viscous limit, the interface collapses at the outlet. A dimensionless number has been introduced, which classifies the inertial and viscous regime. Three numerical methods are presented to solve the capillary flow problems. The first method is a fast numerical tool for design and parametric studies of steady capillary flows. The second numerical approach solves the complete three-dimensional equation system for validation of the theoretical assumptions and time-dependent flows. The third method is specialist and solves the governing one-dimensional equations within seconds. Unique experimental data for inertia dominated flow has been recorded using the microgravity environment of a drop tower. The steady flow configuration, the transient reorientation behavior of the interface, and the collapse behavior have been observed. Additional terrestrial experiments study the hydrostatic influence. The experimental results validate the theoretical work and benchmark the numerical codes. The evaluation of a three-dimensional numerical parametric study reveals the desired velocity scale for the critical flow rate in the inertial and viscous regime. The study improves the physical understanding of such capillary corner flows, which is beneficial for liquid management in space as well as for the development of microfluidic applications on the ground.

Download or read book Drops and Bubbles in Contact with Solid Surfaces written by Michele Ferrari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third volume in a series dedicated to colloids and interfaces, Drops and Bubbles in Contact with Solid Surfaces presents an up-to-date overview of the fundamentals and applications of drops and bubbles and their interaction with solid surfaces. The chapters cover the theoretical and experimental aspects of wetting and wettability, liquid-solid

Download or read book Fundamentals of Inkjet Printing written by Stephen D. Hoath and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From droplet formation to final applications, this practical book presents the subject in a comprehensive and clear form, using only content derived from the latest published results. Starting at the very beginning, the topic of fluid mechanics is explained, allowing for a suitable regime for printing inks to subsequently be selected. There then follows a discussion on different print-head types and how to form droplets, covering the behavior of droplets in flight and upon impact with the substrate, as well as the droplet's wetting and drying behavior at the substrate. Commonly observed effects, such as the coffee ring effect, are included as well as printing in the third dimension. The book concludes with a look at what the future holds. As a unique feature, worked examples both at the practical and simulation level, as well as case studies are included. As a result, students and engineers in R&D will come to fully understand the complete process of inkjet printing.

Download or read book Recent Developments of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics written by Herbert Amann and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this proceeding is addressed to present recent developments of the mathematical research on the Navier-Stokes equations, the Euler equations and other related equations. In particular, we are interested in such problems as: 1) existence, uniqueness and regularity of weak solutions2) stability and its asymptotic behavior of the rest motion and the steady state3) singularity and blow-up of weak and strong solutions4) vorticity and energy conservation5) fluid motions around the rotating axis or outside of the rotating body6) free boundary problems7) maximal regularity theorem and other abstract theorems for mathematical fluid mechanics.

Download or read book Mathematical Fluid Dynamics Present and Future written by Yoshihiro Shibata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents original papers ranging from an experimental study on cavitation jets to an up-to-date mathematical analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations for free boundary problems, reflecting topics featured at the International Conference on Mathematical Fluid Dynamics, Present and Future, held 11–14 November 2014 at Waseda University in Tokyo. The contributions address subjects in one- and two-phase fluid flows, including cavitation, liquid crystal flows, plasma flows, and blood flows. Written by internationally respected experts, these papers highlight the connections between mathematical, experimental, and computational fluid dynamics. The book is aimed at a wide readership in mathematics and engineering, including researchers and graduate students interested in mathematical fluid dynamics.