Download or read book CANNIKIN Amchitka Nuclear Test written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Amchitka and the Bomb written by Dean W. Kohlhoff and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than a quarter-century has now passed since the United States set off the last of three underground atomic blasts in the remote wilderness of the Aleutian islands, off the coast of Alaska. Cannikin, as this third test was called, exploded as planned on November 6, 1971, on Amchitka Island. The first test, Project Long Shot (1965), was designed to determine whether the blast’s shock waves could be distinguished from earthquakes. Milrow, the second (1969), and Cannikin were part of the U.S. anti-ballistic missile development program. Amchitka and the Bomb looks at how these nuclear explosions were planned and conducted by the U.S. Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy Commission, in spite of vehement protests by political and civilian groups. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of a new generation of weapons, the government defended the nuclear tests on Amchitka as providing U.S. presidents, and especially Richard Nixon, with negotiating power to force the Soviet Union to accept a satisfactory arms limitation agreement. Dean Kohlhoff traces the enormous environmental impact of the blasts on the Aleutian wildlife refuge system. He also examines the social and political fallout from the tests on Aleut civilian populations. As the tests inexorably went forward, an emerging environmental movement was galvanized to action. Passionate but ultimately futile attempts to stop the blasts were made by such nascent groups as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and the Wilderness Society. Although Alaskan Aleuts sued to halt Cannikin and environmental groups joined them for an injunction against the test, a split U.S. Supreme Court eventually approved the 5.1-megaton explosion. Amchitka and the Bomb tells a harrowing story of the struggle of private citizens and small environmental groups to counter the weight of the federal government. It adds immeasurably to our understanding of the nuclear history of the United States. Its concise interweaving of the military, scientific, economic, and social implications surrounding the nuclear explosions on Amchitka Island exposes the unpleasant consequences of allowing treasured national values to become victim to political necessity. Kohlhoff has contributed a vital chapter to Alaska's history and to the history of the American environmental movement.

Download or read book Bioenvironmental effects Predictions for the Proposed Cannikin Underground Nuclear Detonation at Amchitka Island Alaska written by James B. Kirkwood and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cannikin Testtime Plan for the Amchitka Bioenvironmental Program written by Battelle Memorial Institute. Columbus Laboratories and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates and documents the effects on the resident biota and the environment from the proposed underground nuclear explosive test on Amchitka Island, Alaska.

Download or read book Prospects for Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Law, and Organization and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Greenpeace to Amchitka written by Robert Hunter and published by arsenal pulp press. This book was released on 2005-04-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenpeace is known around the world for its activism and education surrounding environmental and biodiversity issues. With a presence in more than 40 countries across Europe, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, Greenpeace is undoubtedly a dominant force in the realm of environmental activism. This is the story of how Greenpeace came to be. In September 1971, a small group of activists boarded a small fishing boat in Vancouver, Canada, and headed north towards Amchitka, a tiny island west of Alaska in the Aleutian Islands, where the US government was conducting underground nuclear tests. At that time, protests against nuclear testing were not common, yet the US tests raised genuine concerns: Amchitka is not only the last refuge for endangered wildlife, but is also located in a geologically unstable region, one of the most earthquake-prone areas in the world. The threat of a nuclear-triggered earthquake or tsunami was real. Among the people sardined in the fishing boat were Robert Hunter and Robert Keziere. The boat, named the Greenpeace by the small group of men aboard, raced against time as it crashed through the Gulf of Alaska, braving the oncoming winter storms. Three weeks was all they had to reach Amchitka in an attempt to halt the nuclear test. Ultimately, the voyage—beset by bad weather, interpersonal tensions and conflicts with US officials—was doomed. And yet the legacy of that journey lives on. In this visceral memoir, based on a manuscript originally written over 30 years ago, Robert Hunter vividly depicts the peculiar odyssey that led to the formation of the most powerful environmental organization in the world. Features 40 black and white photographs taken during the voyage by Robert Keziere.

Download or read book Biological Effects of Underground Nuclear Testing on Marine Organisms II Observed Effects of Amchitka Island Alaska Tests on Marine Fauna written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From conference on the environmental effects of explosives and explosions; White Oak, Maryland, USA (30 May 1973). The biological effects of the Longshot, Milrow, and Cannikin underground nuclear tests at Amchitka lsland, Alaska, on marine mammals, fishes, and birds are summarized. The biological effects observed were related to the water-borne shock waves produced by the explosions. (CH).

Download or read book Seismological and Related Effects of the Cannikin Underground Nuclear Explosion Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atomic Energy Commission written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Subsurface Completion Report for Amchitka Underground Nuclear Test Sites written by Tim Echelard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three underground nuclear tests were conducted on Amchitka Island, Alaska, in 1965, 1969, and 1971. The effects of the Long Shot, Milrow, and Cannikin tests on the environment were extensively investigated during and following the detonations, and the area continues to be monitored today. This report is intended to document the basis for the Amchitka Underground Nuclear Test Sites: Long Shot, Milrow, and Cannikin (hereafter referred to as ''Amchitka Site'') subsurface completion recommendation of No Further Remedial Action Planned with Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance, and define the long-term surveillance and maintenance strategy for the subsurface. A number of factors were considered in evaluating and selecting this recommendation for the Amchitka Site. Historical studies and monitoring data, ongoing monitoring data, the results of groundwater modeling, and the results of an independent stakeholder-guided scientific investigation were also considered in deciding the completion action. Water sampling during and following the testing showed no indication that radionuclides were released to the near surface, or marine environment with the exception of tritium, krypton-85, and iodine-131 found in the immediate vicinity of Long Shot surface ground zero. One year after Long Shot, only tritium was detectable (Merritt and Fuller, 1977). These tritium levels, which were routinely monitored and have continued to decline since the test, are above background levels but well below the current safe drinking water standard. There are currently no feasible means to contain or remove radionuclides in or around the test cavities beneath the sites. Surface remediation was conducted in 2001. Eleven drilling mud pits associated with the Long Shot, Milrow and Cannikin sites were remediated. Ten pits were remediated by stabilizing the contaminants and constructing an impermeable cap over each pit. One pit was remediated by removing all of the contaminated mud for consolidation in another pit. In addition to the mud pits, the hot mix plant was also remediated. Ongoing monitoring data does not indicate that radionuclides are currently seeping into the marine environment. Additionally, the groundwater modeling results indicate no seepage is expected for tens to thousands of years. If seepage does occur in the future, however, the rich, diverse ecosystems around the island could be at risk, as well as people eating foods from the area. An independent science study was conducted by the Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP) in accordance with the Amchitka Independent Science Plan (2003). The study report was published on August 1, 2005. The CRESP study states ''our geophysical and biological analyses did not find evidence of risk from radionuclides from the consumption of marine foods, nor indication of any current radionuclide contaminated migration into the marine environment from the Amchitka test shots''. The study also found evidence supporting the groundwater modeling conclusions of very slow contaminant transport (CRESP, 2005). While no further action is recommended for the subsurface of the Amchitka Site, long-term stewardship of Amchitka Island will be instituted and will continue into the future. This will include institutional controls management and enforcement, post-completion monitoring, performance of five-year reviews, public participation, and records management. Long-term stewardship will be the responsibility of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management. The Department of Energy is recommending completion of the investigation phase of the Amchitka Sites. The recommended remedy for the Amchitka Site is No Further Action with Long-Term Monitoring and Surveillance. The future long-term stewardship actions will be governed by a Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance Plan. This Plan is currently being developed with input from the State, landowner, and other interested or affected stakeholders.

Download or read book Modeling Groundwater Flow and Transport of Radionuclides at Amchitka Island s Underground Nuclear Tests Milrow Long Shot and Cannikin written by Ahmed E. Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Draft Environmental Statement Cannikin written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anticipates the environmental impact of Cannikin, a proposed five-megaton underground nuclear weapons test on Amchitka Island, Alaska.

Download or read book Verification and Uncertainty Reduction of Amchitka Underground Nuclear Testing Models written by Ahmed E. Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Bering Sea Ecosystem written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bering Sea, which lies between the United States and Russia, is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world and has prolific fishing grounds. Yet there have been significant unexplained population fluctuations in marine mammals and birds in the region. The book examines the Bering Sea ecosystem's dynamics and the relationship between man and the ecosystem, in order to identify potential reasons for the population fluctuations as well as identify ways the Sea's living resources can be better managed by government.

Download or read book Atomic Energy Commission written by United States. Congress. House. Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrologic processes and radionuclide distribution in a cavity and chimney produced by the Cannikin nuclear explosion Amchitka Island Alaska written by Hans C. Claassen and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emplacement and Stemming Load Measurements written by Donnie L. Ainsworth and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Waterways Experiment Station (WES) participated in Project CANNIKIN, Amchitka Island, Alaska, during the period of September 1970 to November 1974. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL), Livermore, California, was provided support with instrumentation and personnel to monitor continuously the emplacement and stemming load for the CANNIKIN nuclear experiment. Three gages were prepared by mounting strain gages on 4-ft-long, 10-3/4-in., P110 pup joint steel casing. Each gage was calibrated in the laboratory by pull-testing to a load in excess of expected field loads and recording the gage output versus load. During the field operation, pup joint gages were placed in the device emplacement casing string at the following locations below the collar at final seating: 5305 ft, 2970 ft, and 72 ft. After connecting each gage in the casing string, the gage output was monitored as it was lowered downhole.