Download or read book Cambodian Agriculture in Transition written by Weltbankgruppe and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report seeks to understand the successes, challenges and opportunities of Cambodia's agricultural transformation over the past decade to derive lessons and insights on how to maintain future agricultural growth, and particularly on the government's role in facilitating it. It is prepared per the request of the Supreme National Economic Council and the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries and is based on the primary farm data surveys from 2005 and 2013, and the secondary data from various sources. In 2013-2014, the agricultural growth slowed down to 1 percent from its average of 5.3 percent over 2004-2012. Is the country in transition to a slower agricultural growth? Cambodia can ill afford it because agricultural growth will be critical to continued poverty reduction in the country, given its large size in the economy. Market and private investment friendly policies and targeted public sector investments in irrigation, extension, and other 'public good' agricultural services, as feasible within the government's total budget, can help secure continued robust agricultural growth. The remaining report is organized as follows. Chapter two presents key facts about Cambodia's recent agricultural development using data from national accounts and various reports. Chapter three provides evidence from the field that explains the changes observed in the national accounts. Chapter four illustrates developments in farming systems, farm budgets, and farm incomes compared to nonfarm incomes. Chapter five presents a farm competitiveness analysis. Chapter six discusses the sources of past growth and their limitations and presents an analysis of (likely) future sources of agricultural growth. Chapter seven presents a long-term vision for the sector, while chapter eight simulates policies and the changes in farm incomes needed to realize this vision. Chapter nine discusses the policy agenda, with implementation details based on national and global experiences. Chapter ten concludes with a summary of the report and policy recommendations. Annexes present the methodology of the 2013 farm survey, detailed farm budgets by crop, projections of selected indicators, and results of the policy simulations.

Download or read book Cambodian Agriculture in Transition written by World Bank Group and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cambodian Transition written by Center for National Policy (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cambodian Agriculture written by Timothy S. Thomas and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-08-22 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambodia has been identified as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, given the predicted changes in temperature and precipitation, the share of labor in agriculture, and the country’s low adaptive capacity due to widespread poverty. In this study, we use climate data from four general circulation models (GCMs) to evaluate the impact of climate change on agriculture in Cambodia by 2050. We used the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer crop modeling software to evaluate crop yields, first for the 1950–2000 period (actual climate) and then for the climates given by the four GCMs for 2050. We evaluated crop yields for eight different crops at 2,162 points in Cambodia, using a grid of 10-kilometer squares, for 2000 and 2050. For each crop, we searched for the best cultivar (variety) in each square, rather than assuming the same cultivar to be used in all locations. We also searched for the best planting month in each square. We explored potential gains from changing fertilizer levels and from using irrigation to compensate for rainfall changes. This analysis indicates that when practiced together, using improved cultivars better suited for the changing climate conditions and adjusting planting dates can lessen the impact of climate change on yields, including for both wet- and dry-season rice. In addition, the analysis shows that losses in yield due to climate change can be compensated for—for many crops—by increasing the availability of nitrogen in the soil. To provide context to the modeling analysis, a survey of 45 communes was conducted using focus group discussions to solicit information on agricultural practices. Questions were asked about fertilizer, irrigation, seeds, tillage, and pest management, as well as about natural disasters and how farmers respond. Key results indicate that in response to extreme weather, only 7 to 16 percent of farmers report changing crop variety and only 20 percent of farmers report changing planting dates. Since the modeling results indicate that adaptation to climate change by changing crop variety and planting dates will be critical in order to avoid yield losses over the next 40 years, it is recommended that farmers expand their capacity to adapt in this way. In addition, every commune reported using some type of chemical fertilizer; however, in a typical commune, only 50 percent of the farmers were using any chemical fertilizer. This indicates that there is room to increase the use of chemical fertilizers. Finally, focus group participants were asked to name the top three natural disasters of concern. Drought was the most cited, reported in 44 of the 45 communes (98 percent), while flooding was cited in 67 percent of the communes surveyed. Despite this, in fully 58 percent of the communes, farmers reported taking no action in response to floods. In response to drought, farmers reported switching to other crops in 16 percent of the communes, and changed planting dates in 19 percent, while only 7 percent of the communes reported no adaptation in farming practices. These findings indicate the need for intervention to help farmers deal with floods in particular, and to determine whether strategies for adapting to drought are the best suited to mitigate crop loss.

Download or read book Cambodia Agriculture Natural Resources and Rural Development Sector Assessment Strategy and Road Map written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents an assessment of Cambodia’s agriculture, natural resources, and rural development (ANRRD) sector and provides a strategy and road map for its future development. It identifies the strategic investment priorities of the Government of Cambodia where the Asian Development Bank (ADB) can contribute to ANRRD productivity, value addition, and resource efficiency. ADB support will focus on three key areas: (i) enhancing agricultural productivity through a whole-of-system water resources management approach, (ii) strengthening agricultural value chains, and (iii) improving natural resources management and disaster resilience.

Download or read book Cambodia written by Pradip Putatunda and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambodias economy was one of the fastest growing in the world during 19992019, with an average growth rate of more than 7.5 percent per annum. It was driven by garment exports, agriculture, construction, and tourism. The government is keen to make Cambodia a technology driven, upper middle-income country by 2030. Cambodia has made remarkable progress in economic growth and poverty reduction. Growth has also been inclusive. But, an uncertain global trading environment and increased competition regionally means that Cambodia cannot continue to rely on its past sources of growth. The upgrading and diversification of the economy, including through services and manufacturing, is the need of the future. In 2020, Cambodias economy has been hit hard by the global COVID-19 outbreak. Rebounds in economic activity in China and in other major world markets can only improve Cambodias growth prospects. This book is an attempt to provide an insight into the transition processes that have been taking place in Cambodia, an increasingly important member of ASEAN, during the last three decades.

Download or read book Rice Production in Cambodia written by Harry J. Nesbitt and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1997 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice in the Cambodian economy: past and present; Topography, climate, and rice production; Soils and rice; Rice-based farming systems; Rice ecosystems and varieties; Pest management in rice; Farm mechanization; Capture and culture ricefield fisheries in Cambodia; Constraints to rice production and strategies for improvement.

Download or read book White Gold The Commercialisation of Rice Farming in the Lower Mekong Basin written by Rob Cramb and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is about understanding the processes involved in the transformation of smallholder rice farming in the Lower Mekong Basin from a low-yielding subsistence activity to one producing the surpluses needed for national self-sufficiency and a high-value export industry. For centuries, farmers in the Basin have regarded rice as “white gold”, reflecting its centrality to their food security and well-being. In the past four decades, rice has also become a commercial crop of great importance to Mekong farmers, augmenting but not replacing its role in securing their subsistence. This book is based on collaborative research to (a) compare the current situation and trajectories of rice farmers within and between different regions of the Lower Mekong, (b) explore the value chains linking rice farmers with new technologies and input and output markets within and across national borders, and (c) understand the changing role of government policies in facilitating the on-going evolution of commercial rice farming. An introductory section places the research in geographical and historical context. Four major sections deal in turn with studies of rice farming, value chains, and policies in Northeast Thailand, Central Laos, Southeastern Cambodia, and the Mekong Delta. The final section examines the implications for rice policy in the region as a whole.

Download or read book Red Harvests written by James A. Tyner and published by Radical Natures. This book was released on 2021-02 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reassessing the Cambodian genocide through the lens of global capitalist development.

Download or read book Assessing agricultural market integration of Cambodia within and beyond ASEAN written by Ajmani, Manmeet and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we address the question of the agricultural market integration of Cambodia within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and its other top trading partners. Focusing on agricultural trade, we use two indicators, namely, “Trade Potential” and “Competition Indices,” to assess the nature and extent of the integration. More specifically, we identify the exports of Cambodia with high export potential and comparatively low competition in export markets. Higher trade potential with lower competition (value or volume) indicates an opportunity of higher returns for agricultural producers. In the case of Cambodia, “maize,”and “starches” are identified as high-potential exports with lower intra-ASEAN competition. There is also scope for regional cooperation in traditional exports such as “rice,” “manioc (cassava),” “molasses,” and “pepper” between Cambodia and other Southeast Asian countries for which both the export potential and intra-ASEAN competition are high. Finally, to demonstrate the upward movement in the value chain, possibly due to quality upgradation, we present the dynamics of the unit values of Cambodia’s agricultural exports.

Download or read book Rural Development for Cambodia written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambodia's economic performance over the past decade has been impressive, and poverty reduction has made significant progress. In the 2000s, the contribution of agriculture and agro-industry to overall economic growth has come largely through the accumulation of factors of production---land and labor---as part of an extensive growth of activity, with productivity modestly improving from very low levels. Despite these generally positive signs, there is justifiable concern about Cambodia's ability to seize the opportunities presented. The concern is that the existing set of structural and institutional constraints, unless addressed by appropriate interventions and policies, will slow down economic growth and poverty reduction. These constraints include (i) an insecurity in land tenure, which inhibits investment in productive activities; (ii) low productivity in land and human capital; (iii) a business-enabling environment that is not conducive to formalized investment; (iv) underdeveloped rural roads and irrigation infrastructure; (v) a finance sector that is unable to mobilize significant funds for agricultural and rural development; and (vi) the critical need to strengthen public expenditure management to optimize scarce resources for effective delivery of rural services.

Download or read book The Handbook of Contemporary Cambodia written by Katherine Brickell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a comprehensive overview of the current situation in the country, The Handbook of Contemporary Cambodia provides a broad coverage of social, cultural, political and economic development within both rural and urban contexts during the last decade. A detailed introduction places Cambodia within its global and regional frame, and the handbook is then divided into five thematic sections: Political and Economic Tensions Rural Developments Urban Conflicts Social Processes Cultural Currents The first section looks at the major political implications and tensions that have occurred in Cambodia, as well as the changing parameters of its economic profile. The handbook then highlights the major developments that are unfolding within the rural sphere, before moving on to consider how cities in Cambodia, and particularly Phnom Penh, have become primary sites of change. The fourth section covers the major processes that have shaped social understandings of the country, and how Cambodians have come to understand themselves in relation to each other and the outside world. Section five analyses the cultural dimensions of Cambodia’s current experience, and how identity comes into contact with and responds to other cultural themes. Bringing together a team of leading scholars on Cambodia, the handbook presents an understanding of how sociocultural and political economic processes in the country have evolved. It is a cutting edge and interdisciplinary resource for scholars and students of Southeast Asian Studies, as well as policymakers, sociologists and political scientists with an interest in contemporary Cambodia.

Download or read book Conservation and Development in Cambodia written by Sarah Milne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading authorities from Australasia, Europe and North America, this book examines the dynamic conflicts and synergies between nature conservation and human development in contemporary Cambodia. After suffering conflict and stagnation in the late twentieth century, Cambodia has experienced an economic transformation in the last decade, with growth averaging almost ten per cent per year, partly through investment from China. However this rush for development has been coupled with tremendous social and environmental change which, although positive in some aspects, has led to rising inequality and profound shifts in the condition, ownership and management of natural resources. High deforestation rates, declining fish stocks, biodiversity loss, and alienation of indigenous and rural people from their land and traditional livelihoods are now matters of increasing local and international concern. The book explores the social and political dimensions of these environmental changes in Cambodia, and of efforts to intervene in and ‘improve’ current trajectories for conservation and development. It provides a compelling analysis of the connections between nature, state and society, pointing to the key role of grassroots and non-state actors in shaping Cambodia’s frontiers of change. These insights will be of great interest to scholars of Southeast Asia and environment-development issues in general.

Download or read book Cambodian Economy written by Hang Chuon Naron and published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. This book was released on 2011 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This monumental study, by arguably the most respected economic policymaker in the Cambodian government over the past decade, is a very welcome addition to the sparse literature on the Cambodian economy. It is destined to become the standard reference on economic development in post-conflict Cambodia. The volume's 25 chapters are grouped into nine sections: geography and population, the macroeconomic framework, the challenge of modernising agriculture, the challenge of industrialisation, services and infrastructure, human resource development, international economic relations and a conclusion. The content is encyclopaedic, with an immense amount of detail on practically every conceivable aspect of the country's development. Dr Naron is to be congratulated for fitting this admirable project into his extremely demanding 'daytime' job as the secretary of state in the Ministry of Economy and Finance, along with many other responsibilities. Among the many reasons to welcome its publication is its authentic Cambodian voice and perspective in a literature dominated by foreign researchers. A generation of scholars on the Cambodian economy and all those with an interest in the country are in his debt" (Asian-Pacific Economic Literature).

Download or read book Agricultural Commercialization Gender Equality and the Right to Food written by Joanna Bourke Martignoni and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores agricultural commercialization from a gender equality and right to food perspective. Agricultural commercialization, involving not only the shift to selling crops and buying inputs but also the commodification of land and labour, has always been controversial. Strategies for commercialization have often reinforced and exacerbated inequalities, been blind to gender differences and given rise to violations of the human rights to food, land, work and social security. While there is a body of evidence to trace these developments globally, impacts vary considerably in local contexts. This book systematically considers these dynamics in two countries, Cambodia and Ghana. Profoundly different in terms of their history and location, they provide the basis for fruitful comparisons because they both transitioned to democracy in the early 1990s, made agricultural development a priority, and adopted orthodox policies of commercialization to develop the sector. Chapters illustrate how commercialization processes are gendered, highlighting distinctive gender, ethnic and class dynamics in rural Ghana and Cambodia and the different outcomes these generate. They also show the ways in which food cultures are changing and the often-problematic impact of these changes on the safety and quality of food. Specific policies and legal norms are examined, with chapters addressing the development and implementation of frameworks on the right to food and land administration. Overall, the volume brings into relief multiple dimensions shaping the outcomes of processes of commercialization, including gender orders, food cultures, policy translation, national and sub-national policies, corporate investments and programmes, and formal and informal legal norms. In doing so, it offers insight not only on our case countries, but also provides proposals to advance rights-based research on food security. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food security, agricultural development and economics, gender, human rights and sustainable development.

Download or read book The Political Economy of the Cambodian Transition written by Caroline Hughes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambodia underwent a triple transition in the 1990s: from war to peace, from communism to electoral democracy, and from command economy to free market. This book addresses the political economy of these transitions, examining how the much publicised international intervention to bring peace and democracy to Cambodia was subverted by the poverty of the Cambodian economy and by the state's manipulation of the move to the free market. This analysis of the material basis of obstacles to Cambodia's democratisation suggests that the long-established theoretical link between economy and democracy stands, even in the face of new strategies of international democracy promotion.

Download or read book Powers of Exclusion written by Derek Hall and published by . This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions of who can access land and who is excluded from it underlie many recent social and political conflicts in Southeast Asia. Powers of Exclusion examines the key processes through which shifts in land relations are taking place, notably state land allocation and provision of property rights, the dramatic expansion of areas zoned for conservation, booms in the production of export-oriented crops, the conversion of farmland to post-agrarian uses, “intimate” exclusions involving kin and co-villagers, and mobilizations around land framed in terms of identity and belonging. In case studies drawn from seven countries, the authors find that four “powers of exclusion”—regulation, the market, force and legitimation—have combined to shape land relations in new and often surprising ways. Land debates are often presented as a conflict between market-oriented land use with full private property rights on the one side, and equitable access, production for subsistence, and respect for custom on the other. The authors step back from these debates to point out that any productive use of land requires the exclusion of some potential users, and that most projects for transforming land relations are thus accompanied by painful dilemmas. Rather than counterposing “exclusion” to “inclusion,” the book argues that attention must be paid to who is excluded, how, why, and with what consequences. Powers of Exclusion is a path-breaking book that draws on insights from multiple disciplines to map out the new contours of struggles for land in Southeast Asia. The volume provides a framework for analyzing the dilemmas of land relations across the Global South and beyond.